Commitments to cosmopolitanism and indigenism complicate the Modernist literature of the Third World. This study investigates the rhetorical and aesthetic responses of Third World "little magazines"--short-running, self-financed cultural magazines--to these two notions. These little magazine evolved with the daily newspaper as a tool favored by avant-garde movements for critiquing the social structures that produced it and for codifying their aesthetic and political principles. Comparing the Stridentist little magazine Horizonte (1926-1927) to D. H. Lawrence's novel The Plumed Serpent (1925), I argue that the Mexican Revolution created a climate of nationalism that reoriented the Stridentist movement away from a version of cosmopolitanism influenced by European modernist movements and toward a deeper interest in the Mexican folk and indigenous culture. Following form there, I consider the concept of cosmopolitanism in the Cuban novelist Alejo Carpentier's El Reino de este mundo (1949) in comparison to two Haitian magazines: La Revue Indigène (1927-1928) and Les Griots (1938-1940). Here I find that, while Carpentier stages a relatively global critique of primitivism as a false cosmopolitanism, the magazines La Revue Indigène and Les Griots reflect a turn from such a cosmopolitanism that values the primitive for its own sake toward a cultural nationalism invested in the real and imagined recuperation of Haiti's African origins through the study of folklore, Vodou, the Kreyòl language and poetic images of Africa. Finally, I compare Futurist F. T. Marinetti's Mafarka le futuriste: roman africain (1909) to the Egyptian literary magazine Al-Kātib Al-Miṣrī (1945-1948) in order to demonstrate the distance between Egyptian modernity in the European imagination and the self-conceived notions of Egyptian modernity. In Al-Kātib Al-Miṣrī, I find that these writers value cosmopolitanism, arguing that it is in fact indigenous to Egyptian culture itself and constructing their notion of Egyptian modernity around the maintenance of continuity with this indigenous cosmopolitanism. My examinations of these magazines suggests that, though the European avant-gardes and Third World literary Modernists may wield the little magazine similarly against hegemonic cultures, their purposes are divided over the roles cosmopolitanism and indigeneity play in the formation of national culture. / text

Literární noviny is a unique periodical with a long tradition on the Czech press market. Cultural and political magazine has been emited with several pauses since 1927 and its profile changed several times through various historical periods. The main aim of this diploma thesis is to follow and describe changes of the weekly Literární noviny under the lead of Petr Bílek in years 2010-2012. The diploma thesis will focus not only on a content change, but also thematic, editorial and visual change. The first chapter of the diploma thesis will briefly summarize history of the periodical from 1927 until 2009 and will mention necessary historical context. The second and third chapter will focus on the years 2010-2012. The second chapter of work will describe the profile of periodical, owner structure, profile of the readers, work will also focus on editorial and external staff and its change through time. It will also mention Czech personalities writing for the weekly. At the end of the second chapter, work will introduce editor-in-chief, Petr Bílek. Third chapter of diploma thesis is dedicated to content form of the periodical. It will describe periodical and non-periodical section of the weekly, main topics of the defined period, periodical and occasional supplements, visual form and online version of...

A pesquisa toma como objeto a revista literária Joaquim, editada em Curitiba entre 1946 e 1948. Procuramos entender as condições de possibilidade desse empreendimento intelectual e as características dos posicionamentos expressos na revista, em suas relações com as trajetórias dos principais colaboradores e com a posição que eles ocupavam no espaço intelectual paranaense e nacional. Primeiramente, caracterizamos o espaço intelectual paranaense, pensando as transformações pelas quais o estado passava em termos políticos, econômicos e sociais. Essas circunstâncias afetaram a posição de Curitiba e de suas elites tradicionais, e, em consequência, sua vida intelectual. Em seguida, mostramos como a revista se formou no seu núcleo principal de colaboradores estabelecidos em Curitiba. Suas colaborações estão relacionadas às suas trajetórias e às posições que ocupavam, o que se reflete em posicionamentos por vezes bastante variados. Por fim, buscamos analisar algumas das estratégias empregadas na revista, como as estratégias de divulgação e de autoidentificação em base geracional. Aqui, deve-se considerar a interlocução com os agentes e paradigmas dominantes, ligados ao modernismo dos centros nacionais e que colocavam os agentes numa relação de ambivalência sobre o seu pertencimento periférico. A análise das trajetórias e das estratégias revela diversos princípios operantes em um espaço intelectual em transformação no período do pós-guerra, com o processo de constituição de campos de produção cultural e a especialização dos produtores culturais, que por vezes concorria com o papel desses mesmos produtores enquanto intelectuais fortemente ligados ao campo do poder. / This research\'s main subject is the literary magazine Joaquim, published in Curitiba between 1946 and 1948. The aim is to understand the conditions of possibility of this intellectual enterprise and its characteristics, in relation to the trajectories of the main collaborators and the position they occupied in the local and in the national intellectual spaces. Firstly, we characterized the state of Paraná, considering the political, economic and social transformations the state was undergoing. These circumstances affected the position of Curitiba (the state\'s capital) and its traditional elites, hence its intellectual life. Then, we show how the magazine was formed in its main core of collaborators, established in Curitiba. Their collaborations and position-taking are related to their trajectories and the positions they occupied, which varies sometimes widely. Finally, we analyse some of the strategies which are present in the magazine, such as strategies for promotion and self-identification on a generational basis. Here, we must consider the exchanges with dominant agents and paradigms connected to the modernism of the national centres, fostering an ambivalence concerning the situation of Curitiba\'s peripheric cultural belonging. The trajectory and strategy analysis reveals some of the operating principles in the changing intellectual space of the postwar period, with the process of constitution of cultural production fields and the specialization of cultural producers, which sometimes competed with the role of these same producers as intellectuals strongly tied to the field of power.

A pesquisa toma como objeto a revista literária Joaquim, editada em Curitiba entre 1946 e 1948. Procuramos entender as condições de possibilidade desse empreendimento intelectual e as características dos posicionamentos expressos na revista, em suas relações com as trajetórias dos principais colaboradores e com a posição que eles ocupavam no espaço intelectual paranaense e nacional. Primeiramente, caracterizamos o espaço intelectual paranaense, pensando as transformações pelas quais o estado passava em termos políticos, econômicos e sociais. Essas circunstâncias afetaram a posição de Curitiba e de suas elites tradicionais, e, em consequência, sua vida intelectual. Em seguida, mostramos como a revista se formou no seu núcleo principal de colaboradores estabelecidos em Curitiba. Suas colaborações estão relacionadas às suas trajetórias e às posições que ocupavam, o que se reflete em posicionamentos por vezes bastante variados. Por fim, buscamos analisar algumas das estratégias empregadas na revista, como as estratégias de divulgação e de autoidentificação em base geracional. Aqui, deve-se considerar a interlocução com os agentes e paradigmas dominantes, ligados ao modernismo dos centros nacionais e que colocavam os agentes numa relação de ambivalência sobre o seu pertencimento periférico. A análise das trajetórias e das estratégias revela diversos princípios operantes em um espaço intelectual em transformação no período do pós-guerra, com o processo de constituição de campos de produção cultural e a especialização dos produtores culturais, que por vezes concorria com o papel desses mesmos produtores enquanto intelectuais fortemente ligados ao campo do poder. / This research\'s main subject is the literary magazine Joaquim, published in Curitiba between 1946 and 1948. The aim is to understand the conditions of possibility of this intellectual enterprise and its characteristics, in relation to the trajectories of the main collaborators and the position they occupied in the local and in the national intellectual spaces. Firstly, we characterized the state of Paraná, considering the political, economic and social transformations the state was undergoing. These circumstances affected the position of Curitiba (the state\'s capital) and its traditional elites, hence its intellectual life. Then, we show how the magazine was formed in its main core of collaborators, established in Curitiba. Their collaborations and position-taking are related to their trajectories and the positions they occupied, which varies sometimes widely. Finally, we analyse some of the strategies which are present in the magazine, such as strategies for promotion and self-identification on a generational basis. Here, we must consider the exchanges with dominant agents and paradigms connected to the modernism of the national centres, fostering an ambivalence concerning the situation of Curitiba\'s peripheric cultural belonging. The trajectory and strategy analysis reveals some of the operating principles in the changing intellectual space of the postwar period, with the process of constitution of cultural production fields and the specialization of cultural producers, which sometimes competed with the role of these same producers as intellectuals strongly tied to the field of power.

The aim of this thesis is to present the literary activities of Zdenek Kalista in 1919- 1924, a period which saw him becoming one of the most prominent figures of the young post- war generation of writers. The research has been primarily based on materials that had been so far ignored or insufficiently reflected (literary remains of Zdenek Kalista, Antonin Matej Pisa, Cestmir Jerabek, Lev Blatny, Jiri Wolker etc., as well as articles from contemporary magazines and daily newspapers) together with Kalista's memoirs. The thesis is divided into five chronologically sorted parts, each reflecting one year of Kalista's life and work and relating them to the literary situation of that time, while continuously describing them from multiple perspectives. In the first part, Kalista's personal life and the activities of the youngest literary generation are analyzed. After that, the focus shifts to the contemporary art groups (Umelecky klub, Literarni skupina, partly Devetsil) and Kalista's relationship with his contemporaries and various key figures of the literary scene (Jiri Wolker, Antonin Matej Pisa, Frantisek Gotz, Stanislav Kostka Neumann etc.). Then, Kalista's activities in the respective years are analyzed, be it for his work in contemporary magazines (Den, Orfeus, Host), his books (collections of...

La période comprise entre 1917 et 1937 marque le début de la littérature chinoise moderne. La littérature française a participé à la construction de cette nouvelle littérature, dont la modernité réside dans la négation des valeurs littéraires et sociales chinoises classiques, dans l’ouverture aux littératures étrangères et dans l’appel au respect de l’individualité. Des écrivains chinois novateurs contestent la nécessité de la société et mettent en avant la vie intérieure dans la littérature. Ils trouvent une signification à la vie dans l’amour et dans la beauté, chacun interprétant ces notions à sa manière. Cette époque est aussi celle, en Chine, de débats littéraires. Aux écrivains individualistes s’opposent des écrivains passéistes et des écrivains engagés à gauche. La confrontation entre différentes conceptions littéraires se reflète dans la réception de la littérature française. Dans les revues littéraires chinoises, des idées opposées sont formulées à propos de Ronsard, de Montaigne et de Malherbe. Des controverses agitent les milieux littéraires autour de Molière, de Rousseau ou de Baudelaire. Les divergences sur la compréhension de la littérature française résultent du fait que les critiques et les traducteurs chinois perçoivent de manière différente la relation entre l’homme et le temps, et la relation entre l’homme et la société. L’interprétation de la littérature française par les écrivains chinois s’appuie sur des réflexions sur l’homme et sur sa situation existentielle. / The period between 1917 and 1937 marks the beginning of modern Chinese literature. French literature has contributed to the construction of Chinese new literature, the modernity of which resides in the denial of traditional Chinese literary and social values, in the opening to foreign literatures, and in the call for respect of the individuality. Chinese writers with pioneering spirit contest the necessity of the society and highlight the internal life in literature. They all consider the pursuit of love and beauty as the signification of the life. However, they interpret those notions of love and beauty in different ways. This period in China is full of literary debates. Individualistic writers are opposed to backward-looking writers and left-wing writers. The confrontation between different literary conceptions is reflected in the reception of French literature in China. In Chinese literary magazines, opposed ideas are formulated on Ronsard, on Montaigne and on Malherbe. Debates concerning Molière, Rousseau and Baudelaire arose in literary circles. The difference of opinions on French literature results from the fact that Chinese critics and translators understand in different ways the relationship between mankind, the time and the society. The interpretation of French literature by Chinese writers is based on reflection on human beings and on their existential situation.

The 1930s and 1940s were characterised by considerable interest in research on literary magazines. Relevant studies were undertaken by A.M. Uys (1933, UCT), P.J.J. Dry (1939, UOFS) and W.G. Combrinck (1945, UW). This interest dwindled until J.H. Venter registered a doctorate at UNISA (1991), which he never completed. Today there is a vast gap in the field of research on Afrikaans literary magazines in general. Since no other research has yet been undertaken on the document design of literary magazines in particular, this study may be regarded as groundbreaking. Document design focuses on the utilisation of design elements to purposely create a document for optimal use by the reader. Renkema’s CCC model was chosen to serve as a generic, theoretically founded model for document analysis. In accordance with this model, texts were analysed and reviewed with regard to genre, content, structure, style and layout. Renkema’s model was adapted in order to fine-tune it for reviewing the document design of literary magazines in particular. In this study the choice of genre fell on literary magazines and little magazines of the 1960s (Sestiger, Wurm, Kol and Standpunte), the 1980s (Spado, Graffier, Stet and Standpunte) and the era of 2000 (Driepootpot, PENorent, seepdoos, Tydskrif vir Letterkunde and Spilpunt). The object of this study was to determine whether the parameters governing the document design of literary magazines changed over a period of forty years. The content of these magazines was analysed by classifying it in various subgenres and then comparing the number of writers who contributed to every subgenre in every magazine; the internal and external structure of the various magazines were defined and compared; the style of the various magazines was established and compared; and, lastly, the layout of the twelve magazines was explored and similarities, differences and progression were established. The results indicated that some of the parameters of document design have indeed changed over the past forty years, but that a large number of principles also remained unchanged. The content expanded significantly as a result of the addition of new subgenres. The internal structure remained consistent. The quality of the external structure and layout improved in such a way that it supports the internal structure much better. The style of the content remained unchanged for those magazines that belong to the same era, but changed through the decades to reflect the actualities and struggles of the day. Layout is the area in which the greatest measure of progression was recorded, mainly as a result of the expansion of knowledge in the field of document design, the evolution of technology in the form of the Internet, the layout process, the printing process, et cetera. These developments have, in the course of time, made it substantially easier to design documents for a specific purpose and target audience. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Unit for Academic Literacy / Unrestricted

Alors que les études littéraires tendent à se professionnaliser et la culture à occuper de moins en moins d’espace dans les grands médias traditionnels, les revues culturelles proposent une critique qui se distingue de ces deux pratiques. Liberté, L’Inconvénient, Contre-jour et Spirale offrent aux intellectuels, critiques et universitaires l’espace d’une pratique mitoyenne, entre celles des publications savantes et des médias grand public. Qu’ils se définissent au premier chef comme herméneutes, médiateurs ou érudits, les critiques de ces revues revendiquent tous une parole littéraire. Chacun des chapitres de ce mémoire se penche sur une publication, retraçant son histoire et étudiant les textes métacritiques afin de cerner les différences et les similitudes entre les conceptions, les fonctions et les mises en pratique de la critique. La méthode emprunte à l’histoire des revues en tant que groupes d’affiliation, développée par Andrée Fortin et Michel Lacroix. L’analyse des thèmes récurrents et des filiations, dans la lignée des travaux de Martine-Emmanuelle Lapointe et d’Anne Caumartin, ainsi que de la rhétorique, particulièrement la notion d’ethos telle que définie par Dominique Maingueneau et Ruth Amossy, permet de mettre en lumière ce qui constitue, pour les praticiens de la critique, la singularité et la valeur de la parole littéraire. / Whilst Literature Studies are professionalizing and culture becomes less and less prominent in traditional media, literary reviews offer a distinctive voice for criticism. Liberté, L’Inconvénient, Contre-jour and Spirale offer intellectuals, critics and academics alike an adjoining space for the practice of cultural criticism, which positions itself somewhere between scientific publications and mass media. Whether they identify themselves primarily as hermeneutics experts, mediators or scholars, the critics who participate in those reviews all avail themselves of a literary word. Each chapter of this thesis will examine one of the four publications named above, retracing their history and analyzing meta-critical texts published in their pages to outline the differences and similarities between their conceptions of literary criticism, and its function and application. Methods used to conceptualize reviews as groups are akin to the works of Andrée Fortin and Michel Lacroix. By analyzing the recurring themes, the filiations (as Martine-Emmanuelle Lapointe and Anne Caumartin’s works exemplify) and the rhetoric (particularly the notion of ethos as developed by Dominique Maingueneau and Ruth Amossy) of these literary reviews, this thesis will reveal what constitutes, for the critics studied here, the singularity and the value of the literary word.