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Orientador: Renata Soares Junqueira / Banca: Maria Lúcia Outeiro Fernandes / Banca: Flávia Cristina de Souza Nascimento / Resumo: Sabe-se que a dramaturgia constitui um gênero que ainda não ocupa, nos currículos de Letras das universidades brasileiras, o mesmo espaço privilegiado que é dedicado ao estudo da poesia e da narrativa, e se isto é um fato que afeta mesmo o teatro produzido no Brasil, o que dizer então do teatro produzido além-fronteiras? O que dizer, por exemplo, do teatro produzido em Portugal ao longo do século XX? E o que dizer então daquela dramaturgia que é marginal no quadro deste teatro contemporâneo? É claro que pouco ou nada ouvimos falar, no Brasil, da literatura dramática de autoria feminina produzida em Portugal durante os tempos difíceis da ditadura salazarista. No entanto, pelo menos uma das dramaturgas que tentaram inserir seu nome no teatro produzido nesse período é merecedora de uma posição de destaque pelas peças que compôs. Natália Correia foi poetisa, ensaísta, romancista e dramaturga e é reconhecida principalmente por suas poesias. Porém, apesar de não ser reconhecida como dramaturga tanto quanto é como poetisa, a autora escreveu peças teatrais que merecem ser destacadas em meio à dramaturgia portuguesa devido ao caráter inovador de algumas das suas composições. A variedade de recursos cênicos nas suas peças, bem como a presença de elementos surrealistas e de características do Teatro do Absurdo, demonstram um certo vínculo estabelecido pela autora com estas duas estéticas. A nossa proposta, para a Dissertação de Mestrado, é a de um estudo de duas das peças teatrais produzidas por Natália Correia - O Homúnculo (1964) e O Encoberto (1969) -, com o intuito de esmiuçar os seus elementos componentes, relacioná-los com o Surrealismo e o Teatro do Absurdo e mostrar a inovação formal que caracteriza seu teatro / Abstract: We know that, the theatre is not so much studied in Brazilian Universities. And if this happens here in Brazil, what can we say about the plays that were produced in Portugal during the 20 century? And what can we say about those plays that are considered marginal among the contemporary theatre? We sure don't hear almost anything about the dramatic literature produced by Portuguese women during the difficult period of the salazarista dictatorship. But, at least one of the women who tried to insert their names among the theatre that was produced during this period, deserves being highlighted because of the plays she wrote. Natália Correia wrote poems, novels essays and plays and she is known around the world especially as a poet, but she should be known as a playwright as well because of her singular plays that show formal innovation. The large quantity of scenic resources used by the playwright in her plays and some characteristics from the Surrealism and the Theatre of the Absurd show that she is linked to these aesthetics. Our aim in this dissertation is to study two of the plays written by Natália Correia - O homúnculo (1964) e O Encoberto (1969) intending to show all their component elements, relating them to the Surrealism and the Theatre of the Absurd and show the formal innovation which is one of the main characteristics of her plays / Mestre

This thesis offers a comprehensive account of the history, forms and content of playbills and theatre programmes; of the different contexts of their physical production, dispersal and varied uses; and, beyond their immediate utility as a record of author, work, cast, place and time of performance, considers the evidence they yield of the social contexts of theatregoing. Chapter one demonstrates the ways in which diverse approaches to the classification of playbills and programmes facilitate an understanding of their most basic ingredients. Chapter two offers an account of the production and distribution of playbills and programmes from the mid-sixteenth through the early-twentieth centuries. Chapter three explores the relationship between bills of the play and other theatrical documentation. The historical considerations undertaken in the second section, chapters four through six, represent a chronological overview of the numerous developments to the form and content of the British theatre bill occurring between 1564 and 1914. The functional considerations undertaken in the final section offer an analysis of the duties fulfilled by the British theatre bill, before, during and after a production. Chapter seven is concerned with the role of the playbill in anticipation of the future, as a source of both allure and information. Chapter eight examines the role of the programme in conjunction with the present, as a guide to both the play and the theatre. Chapter nine concludes the study, discussing the role of the bill of the play in reflection on the past, as a chronicler of both theatre history and social history.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:32:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 abib_jr_me_arafcl_prot.pdf: 470315 bytes, checksum: aee73f979451fa2d1e4b6c02a865ab74 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Sabe-se que a dramaturgia constitui um gênero que ainda não ocupa, nos currículos de Letras das universidades brasileiras, o mesmo espaço privilegiado que é dedicado ao estudo da poesia e da narrativa, e se isto é um fato que afeta mesmo o teatro produzido no Brasil, o que dizer então do teatro produzido além-fronteiras? O que dizer, por exemplo, do teatro produzido em Portugal ao longo do século XX? E o que dizer então daquela dramaturgia que é marginal no quadro deste teatro contemporâneo? É claro que pouco ou nada ouvimos falar, no Brasil, da literatura dramática de autoria feminina produzida em Portugal durante os tempos difíceis da ditadura salazarista. No entanto, pelo menos uma das dramaturgas que tentaram inserir seu nome no teatro produzido nesse período é merecedora de uma posição de destaque pelas peças que compôs. Natália Correia foi poetisa, ensaísta, romancista e dramaturga e é reconhecida principalmente por suas poesias. Porém, apesar de não ser reconhecida como dramaturga tanto quanto é como poetisa, a autora escreveu peças teatrais que merecem ser destacadas em meio à dramaturgia portuguesa devido ao caráter inovador de algumas das suas composições. A variedade de recursos cênicos nas suas peças, bem como a presença de elementos surrealistas e de características do Teatro do Absurdo, demonstram um certo vínculo estabelecido pela autora com estas duas estéticas. A nossa proposta, para a Dissertação de Mestrado, é a de um estudo de duas das peças teatrais produzidas por Natália Correia – O Homúnculo (1964) e O Encoberto (1969) –, com o intuito de esmiuçar os seus elementos componentes, relacioná-los com o Surrealismo e o Teatro do Absurdo e mostrar a inovação formal que caracteriza seu teatro / We know that, the theatre is not so much studied in Brazilian Universities. And if this happens here in Brazil, what can we say about the plays that were produced in Portugal during the 20 century? And what can we say about those plays that are considered marginal among the contemporary theatre? We sure don’t hear almost anything about the dramatic literature produced by Portuguese women during the difficult period of the salazarista dictatorship. But, at least one of the women who tried to insert their names among the theatre that was produced during this period, deserves being highlighted because of the plays she wrote. Natália Correia wrote poems, novels essays and plays and she is known around the world especially as a poet, but she should be known as a playwright as well because of her singular plays that show formal innovation. The large quantity of scenic resources used by the playwright in her plays and some characteristics from the Surrealism and the Theatre of the Absurd show that she is linked to these aesthetics. Our aim in this dissertation is to study two of the plays written by Natália Correia – O homúnculo (1964) e O Encoberto (1969) intending to show all their component elements, relating them to the Surrealism and the Theatre of the Absurd and show the formal innovation which is one of the main characteristics of her plays

La tesi indaga l'interazione tra genere drammatico e poetico nei primi anni di attività del poeta inglese W.H. Auden, e procede esaminando i drammi maggiori scritti durante gli anni trenta. Si sofferma su un'opera in particolare, The Ascent of F6, confrontanto la dimensione testuale con quella spettacolare, analizzando il copione originale dello spettacolo usato per la prima del 26 febbraio 1937 e la ricezione della critica. La dissertazione approfondisce il legame tra i due generi letterari soprattutto considerando la coerenza concettuale e di immagini che contraddistingue il pensiero audeniano, e mette in evidenza l'evoluzione della scrittura drammatica seguita in senso cronologico, dalla stesura della prima opera Paid on Both Sides nel 1928, al primo successo con la compagnia londinese del Group Theatre, The Dog Beneath the Skin nel 1935, fino all'ultimo successo nel 1937 scritto in collaborazione con Christopher Isherwood, The Ascent of F6, che segnò il progressivo abbandono del genere drammatico da parte dell'autore. La tesi dà un'amplia prospettiva d'esame considerando non solo la dimensione testuale e indagando il rapporto del testo con il genere tragico, ma evidenziando anche i molteplici rimandi intertestuali e considerando l'efficacia del testo in termini drammatici, ricostruendo lo spettacolo attraverso l'analisi di materiale inedito. / The present study investigates the interplay between poetry and drama in the early works of W.H. Auden, and proceeds in analysing the major plays composed during the 1930s. It focuses on a drama in particular, The Ascent of F6, comparing the textual aspect with the performance outcome, examining the original script used for the premiére on February 26, 1937 and also the response of the critic. The dissertation deepens the connection between poetry and drama considering the conceptual coherence and the unity of images that mark the thought of Auden in the early 30s. Auden's most important dramas are examined following a chronological perspective, from the first draft of Paid on Both Sides, in 1928, to the first success staged by the Group Theatre of London, The Dog Beneath the Skin, 1935, and eventually the last achievement in 1937 written with Christopher Isherwood, The Ascent of F6, which marked the progressive abandonment of the dramatic genre by Auden. The thesis gives an extensive outlook which considers not just the textual aspects of the play, investigating thus the connections with the classic tragedy, but also underlines the various intertextual references and the efficacy of the text in its performing aspects.

This thesis examines the contribution of Jewish artists to American popular culture in the mid-twentieth century and argues that the Jewish imagination contains a peculiar ability to simultaneous articulate the concerns of a specifically ethnic identity and a more universal American character. The thesis posits that by exploring how the Jewish community negotiated the space between ethnic identity and an American paradigm, Jewish artists were able to explore the middle ground between individuality and conformity, selfhood and consensus, liberalism and conservatism, tradition and change, and heritage and progress that held a wider pertinence for a more general American audience. The thesis argues that the diversity of the Jewish American imagination at this time can be united by a leitmotif that can be best described as the ambivalence of transition. By examining aesthetically dissimilar texts from a variety of artistic fields, in particular comic books, theatre, cinema, television, and literature, the thesis argues that despite the cultural evolutions that occurred throughout the thirties, forties and fifties, the Jewish voice articulated a continuing concern regarding the relationship between ethnic identity, masculine identity, the individual and mass culture. This last point hints at another preoccupation of this thesis; the texts analysed here all share a narrative focus that explores and represents notions of masculine identity and ideality. In this way, the thesis necessarily focuses upon debates about masculinity within the Jewish imagination and American culture, charting the evolution of the Jewish and American male and their relationship towards notions of performed, consensus, individual and paradigm masculinity. Although there has not necessarily been a desire to fully deny the notion of a continuing thematic preoccupation within the Jewish imaginary, previous scholarship has shown a tendency towards accentuating the eclectic nature of Jewish American culture. Whilst scholars like Paul Buhle and Stephen J. Whitfield recognise the importance of popular culture as an arena in which Jewish artists sought to articulate issues at the heart of Jewish identity and community in the US, their studies focus upon the kaleidoscopic eclecticism of Jewish American culture. The intention of this thesis is to harness the diversity inherent in Jewish cultural expression via the prevailing leitmotif of the ambivalence of transition. In this way the thesis will use the multifarious and textured fabric of mid-century Jewish culture, as well as the simultaneous articulation of both ethnic and more general concerns, to illuminate the understanding of both Jewish identity and American culture throughout the mid-century. Thus, the thesis builds upon work by the likes of Julian Levinson and Hana Wirth-Nesher that revisits ideas of assimilation and attempts to complicate the inexorable movement away from Jewish distinctiveness and identity. Similarly, the thesis builds upon studies by the likes of Pamela Robertson Wojcik and Will Brooker that attempt to accentuate the reductive understanding of the mid-century based upon boundless suburbia and unthinking conformity.

Ce mémoire veut, de prime abord, porter un regard sur la rue Saint-Laurent qui, depuis ses débuts, joue un rôle fondamental dans le tissu montréalais. Grâce à son visage bigarré et à son hétérogénéité, elle a su marquer l’histoire de la métropole et alimenter l’imaginaire d’un bon nombre d’écrivains. Michel Tremblay demeure un de ceux qui, dans l’ensemble de son oeuvre, explore le plus abondamment les clairs-obscurs et l’étrangeté de ce corridor urbain. Son écriture à la fois crue, marginale et théâtrale, s’inscrit pertinemment dans l’univers de la Main et, plus particulièrement, dans la partie du Redlight où aboutissent et se meuvent ses personnages les plus colorés. Ayant délaissé leur milieu d’origine, ces derniers s’imposent des changements radicaux afin de mieux cadrer avec la nature et les activités de leur terre d’accueil. Ce mémoire visera donc à penser l’« identité trafiquée » des personnages de Tremblay comme condition de leur inscription sur la rue Saint-Laurent. En outre, il sera question de l’esprit théâtral de cette artère qui pousse les travestis et les artistes en tout genre à se donner « en représentation » et à incarner un rôle de composition. Par l’entremise des masques – notamment celui du déguisement, du maquillage et du travestissement, mais aussi celui de la langue qu’ils modulent afin de mieux coller à leur personnage –, ils projettent une identité individuelle instable qui dévoile l’ambiguïté qui les habite. Plus largement, la présente étude s’intéressera à l’ensemble des marginaux qui arpentent la Main et qui cherchent à (re)définir leur identité culturelle, au milieu des cultures américaine et française. Bien qu’elle essaie de se forger une identité propre, cette collectivité peine à se définir sans calquer les modèles dont elle tente de se dissocier. Une telle contradiction évoque à bien des égards le paradoxe auquel se sont heurtées les communautés immigrantes de la rue Saint-Laurent, dont la lente adaptation à la culture nord-américaine s’est faite non sans un difficile constat de pertes et de gains face à la culture d’origine. Il s’agira donc de voir comment ces groupes, en apparence irréconciliables, trouvent dans le même univers un contexte favorable pour mener leur quête identitaire. / The primary objective of this thesis is to examine St. Laurent Street, which has played, since its early stages, a fundamental role in the city of Montreal. Due to its motley face and its heterogeneousness, this street marked the history of the metropolis and fed the imagination of many writers. Michel Tremblay is one who, within his work, explores most abundantly the twilight and the oddness of this urban corridor. His writing, which is considered controversial, raw and theatrical, pertinently frameworks the universe of The Main and, more specifically, the world of the Redlight District where his most colourful characters find themselves. Having left their place of origin, the characters bring about radical changes in order to fit in with the nature and the activities of their new neighborhood. This thesis will therefore aim to think out the « trafficked identity » (identité trafiquée) of Tremblay’s characters as the condition of their belonging on St. Laurent Street. Moreover, it will take a keen interest in the theatrical spirit of this main road, which influences transvestites and artists of all kinds to play a role and embody a made-up persona. Through the use of masks – notably disguises, make-up and cross-dressing, as well as language which they modulate in order to fit with their character –, they project an unstable identity that unveils the ambiguity that lies in them. The present study will also focus on the marginalized individuals who pace The Main as a group of people who look forward to (re)defining their cultural identity, due to the feeling of being stuck between the American and French culture. Although this community tries to build up its own identity, it struggles to define itself without imitating the models from which it attempts to dissociate itself. Such a contradiction evokes the paradox that faced immigrant communities on St. Laurent Street, whose slow adaptation to North-American culture took place with many gains and losses of their culture of origin. It will therefore be interesting to examine how these apparently irreconcilable groups find in the same universe a favorable context to lead their quest for identity.

Ce mémoire veut, de prime abord, porter un regard sur la rue Saint-Laurent qui, depuis ses débuts, joue un rôle fondamental dans le tissu montréalais. Grâce à son visage bigarré et à son hétérogénéité, elle a su marquer l’histoire de la métropole et alimenter l’imaginaire d’un bon nombre d’écrivains. Michel Tremblay demeure un de ceux qui, dans l’ensemble de son oeuvre, explore le plus abondamment les clairs-obscurs et l’étrangeté de ce corridor urbain. Son écriture à la fois crue, marginale et théâtrale, s’inscrit pertinemment dans l’univers de la Main et, plus particulièrement, dans la partie du Redlight où aboutissent et se meuvent ses personnages les plus colorés. Ayant délaissé leur milieu d’origine, ces derniers s’imposent des changements radicaux afin de mieux cadrer avec la nature et les activités de leur terre d’accueil. Ce mémoire visera donc à penser l’« identité trafiquée » des personnages de Tremblay comme condition de leur inscription sur la rue Saint-Laurent. En outre, il sera question de l’esprit théâtral de cette artère qui pousse les travestis et les artistes en tout genre à se donner « en représentation » et à incarner un rôle de composition. Par l’entremise des masques – notamment celui du déguisement, du maquillage et du travestissement, mais aussi celui de la langue qu’ils modulent afin de mieux coller à leur personnage –, ils projettent une identité individuelle instable qui dévoile l’ambiguïté qui les habite. Plus largement, la présente étude s’intéressera à l’ensemble des marginaux qui arpentent la Main et qui cherchent à (re)définir leur identité culturelle, au milieu des cultures américaine et française. Bien qu’elle essaie de se forger une identité propre, cette collectivité peine à se définir sans calquer les modèles dont elle tente de se dissocier. Une telle contradiction évoque à bien des égards le paradoxe auquel se sont heurtées les communautés immigrantes de la rue Saint-Laurent, dont la lente adaptation à la culture nord-américaine s’est faite non sans un difficile constat de pertes et de gains face à la culture d’origine. Il s’agira donc de voir comment ces groupes, en apparence irréconciliables, trouvent dans le même univers un contexte favorable pour mener leur quête identitaire. / The primary objective of this thesis is to examine St. Laurent Street, which has played, since its early stages, a fundamental role in the city of Montreal. Due to its motley face and its heterogeneousness, this street marked the history of the metropolis and fed the imagination of many writers. Michel Tremblay is one who, within his work, explores most abundantly the twilight and the oddness of this urban corridor. His writing, which is considered controversial, raw and theatrical, pertinently frameworks the universe of The Main and, more specifically, the world of the Redlight District where his most colourful characters find themselves. Having left their place of origin, the characters bring about radical changes in order to fit in with the nature and the activities of their new neighborhood. This thesis will therefore aim to think out the « trafficked identity » (identité trafiquée) of Tremblay’s characters as the condition of their belonging on St. Laurent Street. Moreover, it will take a keen interest in the theatrical spirit of this main road, which influences transvestites and artists of all kinds to play a role and embody a made-up persona. Through the use of masks – notably disguises, make-up and cross-dressing, as well as language which they modulate in order to fit with their character –, they project an unstable identity that unveils the ambiguity that lies in them. The present study will also focus on the marginalized individuals who pace The Main as a group of people who look forward to (re)defining their cultural identity, due to the feeling of being stuck between the American and French culture. Although this community tries to build up its own identity, it struggles to define itself without imitating the models from which it attempts to dissociate itself. Such a contradiction evokes the paradox that faced immigrant communities on St. Laurent Street, whose slow adaptation to North-American culture took place with many gains and losses of their culture of origin. It will therefore be interesting to examine how these apparently irreconcilable groups find in the same universe a favorable context to lead their quest for identity.

The thesis' subject is the celebrated poet Jindřich Hořejší (1886-1941) in his lesser-known vocation as a theatre translator whose bulk of work consists of translation of contemporary French drama (eg. Giraudoux, Claudel, Cocteau, Salacrou, Neveux, Passeur, Achard or Pagnol). First, it follows traces of theatre in the poet's life, before discussing various aspects of his role as a translator in the reality of theatre at the time (fnancial conditions of theatre translation, the work of theatre agencies, communication with theatres etc.) and offering a list of his translations of French drama, compiled to be as complete as possible. The next chapter contains analyses of Hořejší's own articles detailing his views on the theoretical aspects of translation (which are also reprinted in the Appendix), putting them into the context of contemporary translation theory and practice. The fnal two chapters analyse selected translations. The frst deals with verse drama translations, Arnoux' Huon of Bordeaux and Racine's Phaedra; the latter with an extensive commentary on the history of Czech stage alexandrine. The next chapter follows Hořejší's work with colloquial language in Pagnol's Fanny and compares his approach to translation of Giraudoux' Intermezzo with that of Karel Kraus.

[pt] Em uma perspectiva interdisciplinar entre os estudos de literatura e os estudos teatrais, esta dissertação propõe um olhar atento sobre a linguagem e a sonoridade no trabalho do diretor teatral norte-americano Robert Wilson nas três décadas que separam duas de suas realizações cênicas: Deafman Glance (1970), peça marcada pela ausência de palavras e sons, e Monsters of Grace II (2013), sua primeira obra radiofônica. A partir de pressupostos teóricos do teatro pósdramático e do teatro performativo, investigam-se o processo de aproximação de Wilson à linguagem oral, bem como novas abordagens do uso da voz no teatro. Objeto central da pesquisa, a peça Monsters of Grace II ganha uma análise detalhada, seja no contexto de produções na intersecção entre teatro e rádio, seja como dispositivo para investigar as possibilidades materiais e corporais da experiência radiofônica. / [en] From an interdisciplinary angle that takes in both literature and theater studies, this thesis turns its gaze on both language and sound in the oeuvre of American theater director Robert Wilson in the three decades that separate two of his works: Deafman Glance (1970), a play characterized by the absence of words and sound, and Monsters of Grace II (2013), his first work for radio. Wielding theoretical propositions from postdramatic and performative theater, this analysis investigates the process by which Wilson came to reconcile himself with oral language, as well as exploring new approaches to the use of voice in theater. The central object of this study, Monsters of Grace II is examined in greater detail, be it in the context of productions at the crossroads between theater and radio or as a framework by which to investigate the material and corporeal possibilities of experimentation in radio.