Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-10-26T16:43:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fabiananicolatinoruella.pdf: 620558 bytes, checksum: 1a17022744f60ce3760b8b32d3ac99a1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-12-15T12:54:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fabiananicolatinoruella.pdf: 620558 bytes, checksum: 1a17022744f60ce3760b8b32d3ac99a1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-15T12:54:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fabiananicolatinoruella.pdf: 620558 bytes, checksum: 1a17022744f60ce3760b8b32d3ac99a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-02-26 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Haemoproteus columbae Kruse, 1890 é um hemoparasito, com ampla distribuição geográfica. Este tem como hospedeiro vertebrado, e intermediário, Columba livia (Gmelim, 1879), e como hospedeiro invertebrado, e definitivo, moscas da família Hippoboscidae, Pseudolynchia canarienses Macquart (1839). O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a prevalência e a parasitemia de H. columbae, em pombos, e caracterizar, morfológica e morfometricamente os diferentes estádios desse hemoparasito (macrogametócitos, microgametócitos, oocinetos, macrogametas, microgametas, oocistos, esporozoítos). Nos 41 pombos capturados no município de Juiz de Fora, MG, a prevalência foi de 95%, sendo 83,3% nos 35 capturados no Museu Mariano Procópio (Local 1) e 100% nos seis da Praça Jarbas de Lery Santos (Local 2). A parasitemia foi avaliada pela contagem de hemácias parasitadas em 100 campos microscópicos dos esfregaços sangüíneos dos pombos, com aumento de 1000x. A quantificação diferencial das formas eritrocíticas registrou os seguintes números médios, com respectivos desvios padrão e relação percentual: de macrogametócitos 448.44±1492.25; 59.8%; microgametócitos 205.73±547.11; 27.1%; formas jovens 36±102.31; 4.8%; poliparasitismo 58.78±286,91; 7.8%. Nos locais 1 e 2, foram registrados, respectivamente, os seguintes números médios: macrogametócitos 519.77±1607.46 e 29.5±21.28; microgametócitos 237.9±587.41 e 20.83±24.46; formas jovens 42.31±109.76 e 3±3.35; poliparasitismo 68.86±310.05 e zero. As médias do comprimento e largura das formas eritrocíticas, nos locais 1 e 2, respectivamente, foram os seguintes: macrogametócitos 12.15µm±1.88 x 5.2µm±1.89 e 11.86µm±1.63 x 4.65µm±1.82; microgametócitos 11.61µm±1.61 x 3.49±1.23µm e 11.49µm±1.25 x 3.33µm±0.89. As médias do comprimento e largura dos estádios de H. columbae mensurados em P. canarienses, recolhidas sobre hospedeiros capturados no local 1 foram, respectivamente, as seguintes: macrogametas 7.44x6.33µm; oocinetos 15.92±3.5x3.38µm±0.87; esporozoítos 9.13±2.67x1.47µm±0.52. / Haemoproteus columbae Kruse, 1890, is a wide geographically distributed hemoparasite. It has as vertebrate intermediary hosts, Columba livia (Gmelim, 1879), and as invertebrate definitive hosts, flies of the Hippoboscidae family, Pseudolynchia canarienses Macquart (1839). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and the parasitemia of H. columbae in pigeons, and to morphologically and morphometrically characterize this hemoparasite’s different stadiums (macrogametocytes, microgametocytes, ookinetes, macrogamets, microgamets, oocysts, sporozoites). Amongst the 41 pigeons captured in Juiz de Fora city, MG state, it was found a 95% of prevalence, being 83.3% found in the 35 animals captured in the Mariano Procópio Museum (Locality 1) and 100% in the six animals captured in the Jarbas de Lery Santos Square (Locality 2). Parasitemia was evaluated by making a counting of parasited red blood cells, in 100 microscopical fields of the pigeons’ blood smears, with a 1000x increase. The differential quantification of the eritrocitic forms registered the following average numbers, with respective standard deviations and percentile relations: macrogametocytes 448.44±1492.25; 59.8%; microgametocytes 205.73±547.11; 27.1%; young forms 36±102.31; 4.8%; poliparasitism 58.78±286,91; 7.8%. In localities 1 and 2, it were registered, respectively, the following average numbers: macrogametocytes 519.77±1607.46 and 29.5±21.28; microgametocytes 237.9±587.41 and 20.83±24.46; young forms 42.31±109.76 and 3±3.35; poliparasitism 68.86±310.05 and zero. The length and width averages of the eritrocitic forms found, in localities 1 and 2, respectively, were the following ones: macrogametocytes 12.15mm±1.88 x 5.2mm±1.89 and 11.86mm±1.63 x 4.65mm±1.82; microgametocytes 11.61mm±1.61 x 3.49±1.23mm and 11.49mm±1.25 x 3.33mm±0.89. Length and width averages of H. columbae mensurated stadiums in P. canarienses, collected on hosts captured in locality 1 were, respectively, the following ones: macrogamets 7.44x6.33mm; ookinetes 15.92±3.5x3.38mm±0.87; sporozoites 9.13±2.67x1.47mm±0.52.

Um acúmulo de evidências sugere que animais vertebrados são capazes de detectar informações geomagnéticas, dentre eles, podemos citar os mais estudados, o caso clássico do pombo-correio (Columba livia). A descoberta de material biomagnético no epitélio do bico superior de pombos sugere a possibilidade de um mecanismo transdutor de campo magnético situado nessa região. Pelos resultados obtidos em outros contextos, a utilização de genes de resposta imediata (IEGs) combinada com tratamentos disruptivos e tarefas clássicas de orientação é tida como metodologia promissora para se conseguir uma descrição mais compreensiva dos canais sensoriais e dos mecanismos de processamento nervoso envolvidos no comportamento de orientação, entre os quais a putativa magnetocepção. Pela atividade de IEGs, especificamente a expressão da proteína ZENK, avaliamos diferencialmente áreas cerebrais ativadas em pombos expostos ou não a uma estimulação magnética, 1h e 3h após a estimulação. A análise quantitativa (teste T) mostrou um aumento no número de neurônios ZENK positivos na região do córtex pré-piriforme de pombos estimulados (p=0,051) em relação aos controles, não havendo diferença entre os grupos de 1h e 3h (ANOVA, uma via). Esses neurônios estão relacionados ao sistema olfativo, o que reforça a idéia de que esse sistema seja importante no comportamento de orientação mas ao mesmo tempo apresenta a primeira evidência experimental de um possível envolvimento da via olfatória na magnetocepção. Esse resultado indica que é necessário tomar o maior cuidado na interpretação de experimentos comportamentais inibindo a via olfativa, pois, além de causar anosmia, essas manipulações poderiam também lesar mecanismos magnetoceptivos. / Much evidence suggests that vertebrate animals are capable of detecting geomagnetic information, among them, we can cite the best studied classic example of homing pigeon (Columba livia). The discovery of biomagnetic material in the pigeon upper beak suggest the possibility of a magnetoceptor transduction mechanism situated in this area. Because of the results obtained in other contexts, the use of immediate early genes (IEGs), combined with disruptive treatments and classic orientation tasks is a promising tool towards a more accurate description of sensory channels and of neural processing mechanisms involved in orientation behaviour, particularly the putative magnetoception mechanism. Using IEG activity, specifically, the ZENK-immunoreactivity protein, we studied different pigeon brain areas activated after magnetic stimulation, compared to no stimulation, at two periods of latency after the end of the experimental session (1h and 3h). Quantitative analysis (T test) showed an increase in labeling in the prepiriform cortex (CPP) of stimulated pigeons in relatioin to controls (p=0,051), but no difference between 1h and 3h groups (one-way ANOVA). These neurons are related to the olfactory system, reforcing the idea that this system is important for orientation, but at the same time presents the first experimental evidence of a possible participation of olfactory pathways in magnetoception. This result indicates that it is important to take utmost care in interpreting results of behavioural experiments in which olfaction is inhibited, since such manipulations may not only cause anosmia, but also loss of magnetic sensitivity.

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La prise d’information est très importante pour les animaux. En effet, le comportement sera mieux adapté s’il s’appuie sur l’évaluation précise des paramètres du milieu. Notre étude porte sur l’utilisation de l’information sociale chez deux espèces d’oiseaux. Deux expériences ont été menées sur le canari domestique (Serinus canaria) en laboratoire, au sein du LECC de Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense. Quatre expériences portant sur le pigeon biset (Columba livia) ont eu lieu en milieu urbain au Jardin des Plantes au centre de Paris.Chez le canari, nous avons démontré une utilisation de l’information sociale, ceci en utilisant des indices visuels et/ou acoustiques dans une activité d’approvisionnement. Les ambiances de chants ont été plus utilisées par les canaris que les cris ; les oiseaux ont été par ailleurs sensibles aux informations ambigües. Chez les pigeons nous avons observé une capacité de discrimination et de reconnaissance d’individus hétérospécifiques (nourrisseurs humains). Deux profils comportementaux ont été mis en évidence (régulier vs occasionnel), ces profils étaient corrélés aux caractéristiques morpho-physiologiques des pigeons. Les pigeons ont été capables aussi d’utiliser des indices acoustiques tel que des cris de prédateurs (cris de : corneilles, goélands et faucons crécerelle), bruit d’envol des congénères et même des cris d’alarme hétérospécifique (merle noir) afin de détecter la présence de danger. Enfin nous avons constaté que la quantité de nourriture disponible influençait le comportement d’approvisionnement des pigeons. En conclusion, les canaris domestiques et les pigeons bisets sont capables d’utiliser différents types d’indices sociaux pendant leurs approvisionnements et extraient des informations à partir de ces indices afin de mieux exploiter les sources de nourrissage. / Social information, foraging behaviour, urban area, Serinus canaria, Columba liviaGetting information is very important for animals. Indeed, the behavior will be better suited if based on accurate assessment of environmental parameters. Our study focuses on the use of social information in two species of birds. Two experiments were conducted on the domesticated canary (Serinus canaria) in laboratory conditions, at the LECC of the University Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense (France). And four others were conducted on the rock dove (Columba livia) in urban area “Jardin des Plantes” in Paris.In canaries, we demonstrated the use of social information, this by using visual and acoustic cues in foraging activities. The songs noises were more used by the canaries that calls. The birds were still susceptible to ambiguous information. In pigeons, we observed a capacity of discrimination and recognition of heterospecific individuals (human feeders). Two behavioral profiles were identified (regular vs. occasional), these profiles linked to the morpho-physiological characteristics of pigeons. The pigeons were also able to use acoustic cues such as predator calls (crows, gulls, and kestrels), flight noise of conspecifics and even heterospecific alarm calls (Blackbirds) to detect the presence of danger. Finally we found that the quantity of food available played a role on foraging behavior of pigeons.In conclusion, domestic canaries and feral pigeons are able to use different types of social cues when foraging and extract information from these cues for an efficient exploitation of the feeding sources.

Empress Livia – Murderer or wrongfully accused? An overview of the ancient sources on the empress Livia and what that suggests that shemurdered her husband Emperor Augustus and his adoptive children to make way for herown son Tiberius as the emperor of Rome.This work will analyze the ancient roman sources by the great historians from that time;Tacitus, Suetonius and Cassius Dio, and their works discussing the murder conspiracy of theempress of Rome; Livia.Here I examine what these ancient sources tell about the possible involvement of Livia, on thedeath of Augustus himself and his adoptive sons. Each author to these ancient sources will beexamined and contextualized according to their contemporary time, but also their political andideological views of women in high position and Ceasarism itself. Their characteristics andstyles of their written account will also be examined.The following issues will be dealt with in this work:  What does the ancient sources of; Tacitus, Suetonius and Cassius Dio say about theconspiracy theory in which empress Livia is central.  What is known about the authors of these ancient sources and to what extant mighttheir political and ideological view affect their written account?  Can the allegations directed at Livia be the result of the fact that she was a highlyinfluential woman at her time, something which the ancient authors by romanstandards saw as unfit for a woman, and therefore is mistreated in the written sources?  If so, were all women with power under the same time and circumstances criticized inthe same way in which Livia is portrayed?  Are there any other aspects that have not been treated equally in the past by authorsand researchers, in which new questionable guidelines can be made? As is very important to point out, this work and essentially all others alike will not evenassume to solve the final question if empress Livias was guilty or not of murdering herhusband, Emperor Augustus and/or his adoptive sons. This work is to be foremost accepted asan appendix of other works regarding the same issue.

<p>Empress Livia – Murderer or wrongfully accused?</p><p>An overview of the ancient sources on the empress Livia and what that suggests that shemurdered her husband Emperor Augustus and his adoptive children to make way for herown son Tiberius as the emperor of Rome.This work will analyze the ancient roman sources by the great historians from that time;Tacitus, Suetonius and Cassius Dio, and their works discussing the murder conspiracy of theempress of Rome; Livia.Here I examine what these ancient sources tell about the possible involvement of Livia, on thedeath of Augustus himself and his adoptive sons. Each author to these ancient sources will beexamined and contextualized according to their contemporary time, but also their political andideological views of women in high position and Ceasarism itself. Their characteristics andstyles of their written account will also be examined.The following issues will be dealt with in this work:</p><p> What does the ancient sources of; Tacitus, Suetonius and Cassius Dio say about theconspiracy theory in which empress Livia is central.</p><p> What is known about the authors of these ancient sources and to what extant mighttheir political and ideological view affect their written account?</p><p> Can the allegations directed at Livia be the result of the fact that she was a highlyinfluential woman at her time, something which the ancient authors by romanstandards saw as unfit for a woman, and therefore is mistreated in the written sources?</p><p> If so, were all women with power under the same time and circumstances criticized inthe same way in which Livia is portrayed?</p><p> Are there any other aspects that have not been treated equally in the past by authorsand researchers, in which new questionable guidelines can be made?</p><p>As is very important to point out, this work and essentially all others alike will not evenassume to solve the final question if empress Livias was guilty or not of murdering herhusband, Emperor Augustus and/or his adoptive sons. This work is to be foremost accepted asan appendix of other works regarding the same issue.</p>

The thesis studies the quantity of feral pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica) and their daily activities in the locality of Smíchov in Prague. The research was focused on finding whether there is only one group of pigeons bound to the locality by daily activities connected to their consistent alimentary habits or whether there are two subgroups, one of them staying in the locality and the other one leaving to get food further from the city. A method of wing tags with further tracking and modern GPS telemetry was used for the research. A total of 10 birds was caught and marked by a wing tag and one subject was tracked by GPS telemetry. Using these methods, it was found that the pigeons are divided into two subgroups in the locality, one of them sticking to their overnight area even during the day and getting fed on garbage or by people and the other one leaving to get food on the fields 6km away from the city. In the sowing period, the whole group took part in leaving to get the food in the fields further from the city. Key words: feral pigeon, abundance, telemetry

Essa pesquisa almeja explicitar a influência de Lívia e de Agripina Menor, muitas vezes absolutamente política, no período entre 38 a.C. a 59 d.C.; destacando neste processo o uso das mulheres na criação da domus Augusta e na propaganda de Augusto e de outros imperadores da dinastia Júlio-Claudiana. Para isto, serão analisados excertos das fontes primárias, especialmente Tácito e Suetônio, nos quais podemos identificar a relevância destas mulheres dentro da família imperial e na sociedade romana. / This research aims to make explicit the influence of Livia and Agrippina Minor, an influence very often absolutely political, in the period from 38 BC to 59 AD; emphasizing in this process the use of women in the creation of the domus Augusta and in the propaganda of Augustus and other emperors of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. For this, excerpts from primary sources will be analyzed, particularly Tacitus and Suetonius, in which we identify the relevance of these women within the Imperial family and in Roman society.