Entre os problemas cirúrgicos das aves, as fraturas são os de maior prevalência. Em virtude das variações no tamanho, peso, anatomia óssea peculiar, alta incidência de fraturas complicadas e às diferentes demandas funcionais entre espécies e indivíduos, não foi possível estabelecer ainda um método ideal de osteossíntese para os ossos longos das aves. Por isso, diversos estudos têm sido realizados buscando um método adequado para as diferentes necessidades desses animais. Microplacas de titânio comumente utilizadas em cirurgias maxilofaciais de humanos foram empregadas recentemente na osteossíntese de aves, porém com poucos resultados disponíveis. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a utilização das microplacas de titânio no tratamento de fraturas experimentais de tibiotarso em pombos domésticos (Columba livia). Foram utilizadas 30 aves, adultas, machos e fêmeas, com 7 meses de idade, pesando entre 400 a 500 gramas, oriundas do Biotério Central da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). Os animais foram separados aleatoriamente em 3 grupos de dez animais, sendo que no grupo 1 foi utilizado uma microplaca de titânio com 6 furos e espaçador central, no grupo 2 com 8 furos sem espaçador central e no grupo 3 com 8 furos com espaçador central. Após avaliação clínica, as aves foram submetidas a osteotomia médio-diafisária no tibiotarso direito para colocação das diferentes configurações de microplaca de titânio, sendo fixadas com microparafusos de titânio com 7mm de comprimento. Os animais foram avaliados clinica e radiograficamente até os 90 dias de pós-operatório. Após esse período, foi realizada eutanásia em 2 animais de cada grupo. Em todos animais foi observado a consolidação óssea, no grupo 1 o tempo médio e o desvio padrão foram 32,9±9,9; no grupo 2 30,8±6,7 e no grupo 3 26,6±6,4 dias, não havendo diferença estatística entre os grupos. O envergamento do implante foi a complicação mais frequente. A configuração da microplaca resultou em diferença estatística significativa em relação a deambulação e ao grau de envergamento nos diferentes grupos. Sendo que no grupo 3 houve maior precocidade no apoio do membro e menor grau de envergamento em relação aos outros grupos. Histologicamente foi verificado formação de calo ósseo em todos animais e presença de tecido ósseo ao redor da microplaca e microparafusos. Apesar das complicações observadas as microplacas de titânio são uma opção para osteossíntese de tibiotarso em aves de médio porte. / Among the surgical problems in birds, the fractures are the most prevalent. Due to variations in size, weight, peculiar bone anatomy, high incidence of complicated fractures and the functional demands of different species and individuals, is not possible yet to establish an ideal method for osteosynthesis of long bones in birds. Therefore, several studies have been conducted looking for a suitable method for the different needs of these animals. Titanium microplates commonly used in human maxillofacial surgery have been recently employed in osteosynthesis of birds, but with few results available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of titanium microplates in the treatment of tibiotarsus fractures in pigeons (Columba livia) 30 birds were used, adult males and females, with 7 months old, weighing from 400 to 500 that came from the Animal Center Facility of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC). The animals were divided into 3 groups with ten animals each. In group 1 a titanium microplate with 6 holes and a central spacer were used; in group 2 a titanium microplate with 8 holes without a spacer in the center; in group 3 a titanium microplate with 8 holes with central spacer. After clinical evaluation, the birds were submitted to mid-diaphyseal osteotomy in the right bone for placement of different configurations of the titanium plate, and fixed with titanium microscrews 7mm long. The animals were evaluated clinically and radiographically until 90 days postoperatively. After this period, euthanasia was performed in 2 animals from each group. In all animals was observed bone healing and in group 1 the mean and standard deviation were 32.9 ± 9.9, in group 2 30.8 ± 6.7 in group 3 26.6 ± 6.4 days, not having statistical difference in healing time between groups. The bending of the implant was the most common complication. The configuration of the plate resulted in a statistically significant difference in relation to walking and the degree of bending in different groups. Moreover, in group 3 there was higher precocity in the member suppor and a lower degree of bending in relation to other groups. Histologically it was verified the formation of the callus in all animals and the presence of bone tissue around the plate and microscrews. Despite the complications of titanium microplates, they are an option for osteosynthesis of tibiotarsus in birds of medium size.

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An individual position in social hierarchy is the key mechanism, how an individual could gain a priority access to more quality food resources, find an attractive sexual partner to reproduce and find territory with low predation risk and maintain its fitness in total. Personality is supposed to be an important factor how an individuals keep their positions in social groups. The consistent individual variability in aggressive behaviour is closely related to the expression of melanin-based colouration and testosterone levels in blood. More explorative, aggressive, bolder and darker-coloured individuals are supposed to achieve higher dominance rank in social structures. But this prediction was barely tested. The main aims of this diploma thesis were: to find consistent individual variability in social and non-social context to confirm personality traits and to define connection between an individual variability in agonistic and explorative behaviour and melanin-based colouration in relation to social rank in experimental group of domestic pigeons (Columba liva f. domestica) under human care. Unfortunately, personality could not be defined and even more, there was no significant correlation between dominant position in social hierarchy and individual behavioural variability in social and non-social...

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The possible relationship between CO2 responsiveness and body mass in birds was explored using newly acquired ventilatory data from the barn swallow, Hirundo rustica, and the pigeon, Columbia livia, and that from the literature on four other species. Ventilatory responsiveness (%ΔV̇) of birds to 5% inspired CO2 is scaled to body mass to the 0.145 power (%ΔV̇∝ Mb0.145). A similar allometric relationship exists for data on 7 species of eutherian mammals taken from the literature (%ΔV̇∝ Mb0.130). The reduced responsiveness to CO2 in small birds and mammals may be related to an elevated hypoxic ventilatory sensitivity, as demonstrated in mammals (Boggs and Tenney, Respir. Physiol. 58: 245-251, 1984). These scaling relationships may reflect a mechanism for minimizing the inhibition of ventilation resulting from excessive loss of CO2 which thereby permits a higher hypoxic ventilatory response in small species. Other mechanisms, however, could include size related differences in mechanics or alveolar ventilation.

Esta pesquisa atenta-se à importância da representação imagética feminina no período Júlio-claudiano, mais especificamente de Lívia Drusila e/ou Júlia Augusta, identificando as principais características encontradas em seus retratos a cada sucessão imperial. Para tanto, fazse necessário não só o estudo de suas respectivas construções verbais e imagéticas, como também, das funções atribuídas às mulheres, tanto nas relações do poderio romano como nos contextos público e privado. Em suma, o trabalho abrangerá o estudo dos retratos imagéticos femininos romanos; suas histórias; as relações entre a imagem e o poder; os aspectos e as teorizações consideradas relevantes em suas figurações; a intencionalidade inserida nessas construções e em que medida a participação feminina influenciou nos governos de Augusto, Tibério, Calígula, Cláudio e Nero. / This research focuses on the importance of the imagery representation of women on the Julio-Claudian period, more specifically on those about Livia Drusila and / or Julia Augusta, identifying the main characteristics that can be found on their pictures on each imperial succession. Not only the study of their respective verbal and image constructions is necessary, but also the tasks assigned to women, as in relationships of Roman power as in public and private contexts. In short, this work will involve the study about imagetic Roman portraits of women; their respective histories; the relationships between image and power; theories and aspects considered relevant on their imagetic constructions; the intentionality presented on these constructions and how women\'s participation influenced governments of Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius and Nero.

Cette thèse montre qu’il y a lieu de s’interroger sur l’extension et les différentes phases de construction de la première résidence augustéenne du Palatin et en particulier sur une partie de celle-ci: la maison de Livie. Actuellement, j'ai établi quatre phases de construction pour la Maison de Livie, la première peut être datée aux alentours de 70 av. J.-C. en raison des similitudes entre le type de ses murs et ceux des substructions du théâtre de Pompée, construit entre 61 et 55 av. J.-C. et aussi à cause d’une estampille de tuile trouvée dans la substruction du complexe sud-est, datée par Margareta Steinby autour de 79 av. J.-C en raison des vestiges souterrains, je suppose l'existence au premier étage, aujourd’hui disparu, d'un oecus corinthius du côté sud-est et d'une basilique du côté nord-ouest du bâtiment. Les trois autres phases relèvent de l’initiative d’Auguste, qui a acheté plusieurs maisons sur la colline de Palatin afin de construire un complexe résidentiel sur le modèle des palais hellénistiques. Les peintures de la Maison de Livie datées auparavant d'environ 30 av. J.-C. sont datées actuellement au tour de 40 avant J.-C. par Eugenio La Rocca qui a démontré que la maison avait été construite et décorée beaucoup plus tôt. Selon son hypothèse, la « rupture » stylistique entre la première phase et la deuxième phase du second style peut être attribuée à la présence de Cléopâtre à Rome entre 46 et 44 av. J.-C. La reine était très probablement accompagnée d'artistes travaillant pour elle dans les ateliers royaux d'Alexandrie. Il est donc probable que l'élite romaine aurait reproduit les styles et les goûts de César et de Cléopâtre. / This thesis show that there is cause to question the extension and the different construction phases of the House of Augustus and in particular, of a part of it, the House of Livia as recently Irene Iacopi and Giovanna Tedone published an important paper about the accuracy of dating of the construction phases in the Augustan palace. Currently I established four construction phases for the House of Livia, the first one can be dated around 70 B.C. because of the similarities between the type of its walls and the ones of Pompey’s theatre, built between 61 and 55 B.C. and also because of a tile’s stamp found in the substructure of the south-east complex, dated by Margareta Steinby around 79 B.C. Because of the underground remains I suppose the existence at the first floor, actually destroyed, of an oecus corinthius in the south-east side and a basilica in the north-west side of the building. The three more phases should have been linked to Augustus, who bought several houses on the Palatin hill in order to build a Hellenistic palace styled complex. La Rocca demonstrated that the decoration of the House of Livia started from 40 BC due to the presence of Cleopatra near Rome between 46 and 44 BC. The queen very probably was accompanied by artists working for her in the royal Alexandrian workshops. It is likely, therefore, that the Roman elite would have replicated the styles and tastes of Caesar and Cleopatra

Esta pesquisa atenta-se à importância da representação imagética feminina no período Júlio-claudiano, mais especificamente de Lívia Drusila e/ou Júlia Augusta, identificando as principais características encontradas em seus retratos a cada sucessão imperial. Para tanto, fazse necessário não só o estudo de suas respectivas construções verbais e imagéticas, como também, das funções atribuídas às mulheres, tanto nas relações do poderio romano como nos contextos público e privado. Em suma, o trabalho abrangerá o estudo dos retratos imagéticos femininos romanos; suas histórias; as relações entre a imagem e o poder; os aspectos e as teorizações consideradas relevantes em suas figurações; a intencionalidade inserida nessas construções e em que medida a participação feminina influenciou nos governos de Augusto, Tibério, Calígula, Cláudio e Nero. / This research focuses on the importance of the imagery representation of women on the Julio-Claudian period, more specifically on those about Livia Drusila and / or Julia Augusta, identifying the main characteristics that can be found on their pictures on each imperial succession. Not only the study of their respective verbal and image constructions is necessary, but also the tasks assigned to women, as in relationships of Roman power as in public and private contexts. In short, this work will involve the study about imagetic Roman portraits of women; their respective histories; the relationships between image and power; theories and aspects considered relevant on their imagetic constructions; the intentionality presented on these constructions and how women\'s participation influenced governments of Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius and Nero.

The thesis addresses issues related to the overbred population of feral pigeons (Columbia livia forma Domestica) in Czech towns. It approaches the subject from procedural, bureaucratic perspective. Specifically, the thesis examines the factors which affect the selection of methods of the feral pigeons' population regulation in four Czech towns: Special attention is devoted to the question whether the method of controlled city dovecotes, used to regulate pigeon populations, could come in useful in the Czech context. Research carried out for the thesis is qualitative; the data comes from semi-structured interviews with experts. Analysis of the collected data focuses on verification of authenticity of the provided information. Subsequently, effectiveness of cage entrapment, which considerably prevails over the other methods used, is considered in ethical, ecological, and economic respect. The thesis also surveys the health risk posed by the feral pigeon population to public and how views of the public concerning the issue affect the regulation process. The overall aim is to highlight the drawbacks of the decision making process, offer possible alternatives, and prompt more research.

Many accounts, both ancient and modern, have maintained that the Julio- Claudian women had unprecedented influence in their spheres. This dissertation attempts to determine the degree of autonomy and influence that the Julio-Claudian women had and to examine the factors that may have contributed to their exceptional influence. In trying to establish the extent and nature of the influence of the Julio- Claudian women, the ancient sources (literary, documentary and iconographic), in conjunction with modern scholarly views, were critically examined throughout. In attempting to determine the factors that influenced such weight and autonomy as these women had, the dissertation looks at the influences on women of earlier times, in particular the late Roman Republic, from a legal and a socio-historical angle. Whether the Julio-Claudian women could be considered, for example, to have been part of a “super-elite” in comparison with aristocratic women of earlier, and even later, times, was discussed and evaluated. On the surface the Julio-Claudian women did seem to enjoy a wider range of freedoms, power and influence than their counterparts, or the Roman women before or after them. Yet it is clear from the sources that these women also had restrictions laid upon them and that the patriarchal framework still curtailed their influence. When they over-stepped the accepted bounds, they were invariably vilified by the ancient historians, and often came to be negatively portrayed by subsequent generations. Whether these women truly deserved their vilification, or whether it can simply be ascribed to the bias of the ancient writers, was also explored throughout. / Classics & World Languages / M.A. (Classical Studies)