Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T18:15:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leandro Baptista.pdf: 4029591 bytes, checksum: 38dc3e5667315b812e7b6a7f0c42e377 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-03 / The tourism planning is a necessary tool for the activity development in line with the environmental, social, cultural and economic principles. For the other hand, the interest about conserving nature, can be understood to ensure the protection of examples of biodiversity and geodiversity, which it will be inherited by future generations, while at the present pace of environmental change caused by human activities is given in large scale and often impossible to be reversed. Therefore, this study has the Parque Nacional dos Campos Gerais (PNCG) as its object of study, located in the cities of Ponta Grossa, Castro and Carambeí, Parana centraleastern. The main objective seeks to perform an analysis of the future impacts generated by deploying PNCG for communities around this area, such as potential insertion of these with the Ecotourism activity. The specific objectives sought to make a diagnosis on the local communities perception regarding this Conservation Unity to assess the interest of these people to develop projects related to Ecotourism; suggest activities based on communitybased Ecotourism, which is characterized by the provision of services or products offered by the local community, and identify the potential tourism resources recognized by residents able to attract the interest of visitation in areas inside or around the PNCG. To achieve the objectives listed above, it was conducted semi-structured interviews with open and closed questions about PNCG and the interest to participate in tourism activity. As a partial result, it appears that these residents understand the importance to conserve the area, recognizing the negatives aspects implicate the current tourism infrastructure, the natural attractive presents at this National Park and set forth interest to support the Ecotourism segment as a secondary source of employment and income. / O planejamento turístico é uma ferramenta necessária para que a atividade ocorra em consonância com os princípios de sustentabilidade ambiental, social, cultural e econômica. Por sua vez, o interesse em conservar a natureza, pode ser entendido por assegurar a proteção de exemplos da biodiversidade e da geodiversidade, que será herdado pelas futuras gerações,ao passo que na atualidade o ritmo de mudanças provocadas pela ação antrópica é dada em grande escala e muitas vezes impossíveis de serem revertidas. Neste sentido, este trabalho possui como objeto de estudo o Parque Nacional dos Campos Gerais (PNCG), localizado nos municípios de Ponta Grossa, Castro e Carambeí, região Centro-Leste do Paraná. Como objetivo geral procura-se realizar uma análise dos possíveis impactos gerados com a implantação do PNCG para as comunidades de entorno desta área, como potencialidade de inserção destas junto ao Ecoturismo e; como objetivos específicos pretendeu-se realizar um diagnóstico sobre a percepção local em relação ao Parque, avaliar o interesse da comunidade de entorno em desenvolver projetos voltados ao Ecoturismo; sugerir atividades fundamentadas no Ecoturismo de base comunitária, o qual caracteriza-se pela prestação de serviços ou produtos ofertados pela comunidade local, e; identificar os recursos turísticos reconhecidos pelos moradores capazes de atrair o interesse de visitação em áreas no interior ou de entorno do Parque Nacional dos Campos Gerais. Para o cumprimento dos objetivos supra citados, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, com perguntas abertas e fechadas abordando o PNCG e o interesse de participar na atividade turística. Como resultado ainda parcial, verifica-se que estes moradores entendem a necessidade de conservar a área, reconhecendo os pontos negativos que envolvem a atual infraestrutura turística, seus atrativos naturais e mostram-se favoráveis a participarem do Ecoturismo como fonte secundária de ocupação e renda.

Despite the tremendous achievement in economic development over the past four decades since independence, Malaysia is facing a problem of environmental degradation at a rapid pace. In searching for Malaysian approach to alter this trend, this thesis is written against a background of concern for a balanced development in economy and social wellbeing and simultaneously preserving the environment. The aim of the study is to identify an alternative approach in managing the local environment for health, starting from a value position of regard for local knowledge and abilities, and for scientists and administrators working together with local knowledge and abilities, and for scientists and administrators working together with local communities in their natural settings. Findings from this study offer a range of lessons for those who wish to integrate local and scientific knowledge. The research approach proved capable of documenting the separate realities of the place-based and the knowledge-based communities within a common interpretative framework. The place-based communities held realistic interpretations of their capacity to contribute to local sustainable development, distinct from one another and also distinct from the same events as perceived by the scientific community. The conclusion is drawn that each needs the other for any effective local application of scientific findings or government support. Finally, this has not been a study of top-down or bottom up but from the 'inside-out' with a small study of the 'outside-in.' It offers another perspective and an extra set of tools or strategies for the professionals' community to work with local communities in their environmental management for health. The desired outcome would be for the local communities to contribute as a full partner to the dominant scientific studies in designing local management strategies. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This dissertation deals with religious conflict in a number of local communities of Sweden during early modern times, i.e. from 1630 to 1800. Religious conflict, in my understanding, comprises all kinds of conflicts in which the religious element is essential. The area of investigation in the dissertation is the northern part of the county of northern Hälsingland in northern Sweden. It is an area of particular interest in this context, since it featured a multitude of religious conflicts during early modern times. For the area and period of time under consideration here, the study of religious conflicts entails a study of three phenomena: major community conflicts in connection with outbreaks of witchcraze; major community conflicts during religious revivals; and minor conflicts, such as individual court cases involving witchcraft or blasphemy. The purpose of the dissertation is understand the pattern of such religious conflicts in northern Hälsingland in its local context. The local perspective is central and has also made me direct my interests towards the prelude to and aftermath of the conflicts in question. Particularly the latter has, to a large part, been neglected in earlier research. Theoretically the dissertation is inspired by the theoretical discussions of social scientist Walter Korpi. He maintains that identifying the distribution of power resources in society is essential to understanding conflict. This has proved to be a fruitful approach to the understanding of local, religious conflict in northern Hälsingland and I have been able interpret the witchcraze of the 1670s and the religious revivals in the latter part of the 18th century as the results of changes in power relations in the local community. The major community religious conflicts of northern Hälsingland – i.e. the conflicts during the witchcraze and the religious revivals -- were serious local traumas. The dissertation has also dealt with the aftermath of these conflicts, and the result does, among other things, emphasize the importance of honour in early modern society. Those accused during the witch trials of the 1670´s fought extensively for their right to attend communion together with the other members of their congregation -- a struggle to a large part due to the fact that taking part of the communion together with other honourable people could serve to restore their honour and reintegrate them in society. / <p>Sammanfattning på engelska med titeln: Religious conflicts in northern Hälsingland from 1630 to 1800</p>

The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the conditions of designing a technical solution (ICT) to assist everyday life in the home, in four objectives. First, to identify and analyse the everyday practice in terms of home-related values and activities. Second, to analyse a model for a technical and organizational developed ICT-solution in a local community. Third, to analyse the opportunities and dilemmas of ICT as a support system for everyday life, and fourth, to discuss how actors in society can interact with households in making daily life work The method of the thesis takes support in a so-called interactive research and aims to fulfill both the scientific quality criteria as well as requirements of relevancy for the practice. The thesis outlines a theoretical understanding of the individual construction of the home, based on everyday practice taking place in the home and neighbourhood, in an expanding residential landscape. The empirical parts of the thesis derive from two studies. The Husum study examines issues such as what a home is represented by, and what can be said to constitute a good home. The Vällingby study is analysing a model of a technical and organized ICT-solution in an experiment-house in a suburb to Stockholm. In this thesis ICT reinforces the home as a hub for everyday life. Households increase their flexibility and accessibility, support the relationship between people and strengthen the influence and a local foundation. ICT also creates new roles for actors in local society and evens out the landscape of everyday life.

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This study is designed to know contribution of local community based outdoor activities for education for sustainability. 7 teachers from Sweden and 7 teachers from Korea got involved in this study and they chose and conducted one activity from the 17 activities that I offered. After they had done the activity with their upper 13 years old students, they completed questionnaire about the conditions of class, the reason of their choice, advantages/disadvantages of the activities and the actual obstacle they had in schools to have outdoor class through open-ended questions. They also were asked to answer level of integrating subjects in social studies by Likert scale, offered opinions about relevancy to sustainability with principles and analyzed the activity with 4 ways of knowing. These three questions are asked to know the contribution of the activities for education for sustainability. This research offers comparison of teachers‘ opinion and educational condition from two countires when having the activities and how the activities are conducive to education for sustainability. In addition, it provides 17 activities which can be useful to social studies teachers who are interested in local community based outdoor activity.

Increase demand for biofuel in the world as the means to mitigate global climate change, energy option and reduced fule import expenses have attracted many companies to acquire land in developing countries like Tanzania. To invest on biofuel in Africa is believed to be a means for generating incomes from expert, to employ rural people, enhance infrastructure development.However, in Africa biofuels policy is still weak. This study mainly focuses on people`s expectation during and after the investment.Issue of compensation procedure and promises seems to be a big problem; something brought tension of being cheated among local communities. Futhermore, community involvement and integration of jatropha with smallholder´s agriculture is also low.

Colombia's protracted civil war between Marxist insurgencies and the state has brought grave consequences for the civilian population and the prospects for constructing a viable political community in the country. With up to 5 million internally displaced people, rampant impunity for perpetrators of crimes against humanity and human rights and International Humanitarian Law violations, dozens of politicians and countless members of the armed forces linked to paramilitary organizations, along with increasing social injustices and inequalities, Colombia presents a troubling social-political panorama that has led to what is often referred to as a profound social and institutional 'moral crisis'. Much discussion has centred on the question of achieving some degree of minimal moral and political consensus and 'collective conscience' to humanize and slowly transform the conflict at local, regional and national levels. However, the philosophical and political parameters of this discussion have been and continue to be set firmly within variants of the liberal tradition which, it is argued, does not provide the necessary resources for adequately conceptualizing the problem and conceiving the task of addressing conflict, constructing moral consensus, and seeking social and political coexistence. The thesis argues that the philosophy of Alasdair MacIntyre can provide such resources. MacIntyre provides a convincing account of the philosophical problems that underlie ongoing intractable disagreement and the conflicts it breeds, offering a philosophy that can inform and underpin efforts at social transformation, resistance, and coexistence as well as aiding the necessary task of social scientific research and analysis of the conflict. The thesis analyses the moral dimensions of the conflict in light of MacIntyre's philosophy but also critically explores the adequacy of his politics of local community for the Colombian context. MacIntyre argues that a rational political community can only be constructed through the praxis of local communities engaging in shared moral-political deliberation. Through an empirical case study of a Constituent Assembly process in a rural community that has suffered the impacts of armed conflict for decades, the thesis explores an attempt at constructing peaceful social and political coexistence in light of MacIntyre's moral-sociological framework.

Det globala resandet har haft en kraftig positiv ökning de senaste åren och beräknas enligtinternationella bedömningar fortsätta öka med cirka tre procent per år fram till 2030.Turistnäringen växer med andra ord i snabb takt och har kommit att bli en stor inkomstkällaför många länder och i vissa av dem även den största arbetsgivaren. I Sverige omsatteturistnäringen 284,2 miljarder år 2013 och detta är en ökning med 3,9 procent i jämförelsemed föregående år. Som ett resultat av turismens centrala betydelse världen över, anser vi attdet ligger ett intresse i att undersöka hur lokalbefolkningen på en ort påverkas av dess turism.Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur individer bland en orts befolkning påverkas av ortensturism. Avsikten med studien är att skapa ny förståelse och utveckla kunskapen kring hurindivider med olika bakgrund så som sysselsättning, ålder och koppling till turismen uppleveroch påverkas av turism, och därmed bidra till den forskning som redan finns inom området.En kvalitativ metod har använts för att besvara följande forskningsfråga: Hur påverkasindivider på en destination av turism på den egna orten? En fallstudie har genomförts och istudien har Marstrand, beläget i Bohuslän Sverige, använts som medel för att ge svar påforskningsfrågan.Ett flertal positiva och negativa aspekter av turism har identifierats och därefter analyseratsmed hjälp av de teorier som presenterats. Bland annat har TALC-modellen använts för attutläsa i vilken fas Marstrand som destination befinner sig i. Detta då ortsbefolkningens syn påturism kan variera beroende på vilket steg destinationen befinner sig i, samt för att ta reda pådestinationens potentiella utvecklingsmöjligheter. Studien kommer fram till att Marstrandbefinner sig i stagnation fasen under högsäsong och development fasen under lågsäsong.De slutsatser som går att utläsa från studien är att olika individer lägger vikt vid olika aspekterav ortens turism beroende på hur deras livssituation ser ut och vilken koppling de själva hartill turismen i sig. Vidare går studiens resultat i linje med de teorier som presenteras i tidigareforskning, genomförd på andra platser i världen. Trots att studiens omfattning inte ärtillräcklig för att dra några generella slutsatser skulle detta kunna tyda på att individer ur enlokalbefolkning har en liknande syn på turism, oberoende av geografisk plats och landetsutvecklingsgrad. / Global travel has had a strong positive growth in recent years and is forecasted to increase byabout three percent per year until 2030, according to international assessments. The tourismindustry is growing at a rapid pace and has become a major source of income for manycountries, in some the largest employer. In 2013 the Swedish tourism industry had a turnoverof 284,2 billion which is an increase by 3,9 percent compared to the previous year. Due to thecentral importance of tourism worldwide, we believe that there is an interest to investigatehow the local residents at a destination are affected by its tourism. The study aims to examinehow different individuals among the local population are affected by tourism. The purpose ofthe study is to create new understanding and to develop knowledge about how individualswith different backgrounds such as occupation, age and connection to tourism experience andare affected by tourism, and thereby contribute to previous research in the field. A qualitativeresearch method was used to answer the following research question: How are individuals ata destination affected by tourism in their own community? A case study has been completedand the study used Marstrand, situated in Bohuslän Sweden, to answer the research question.Several positive and negative aspects of tourism have been identified and then analysed byusing the theories presented. The TALC model was used to determine which phase Marstrandas a destination is in. This due to the fact that the local residents’ opinion may vary dependingon the phase the destination is in and also to find out the destination´s potential fordevelopment. The study concludes that Marstrand is in the stagnation stage during highseason and the development stage during low season.The result of the study indicates that different individuals put emphasis on different aspects oftourism depending on their life situation and the connection they have to tourism.Furthermore the study shows similar results as presented in recent research made in othercountries. Although the extent of the study is not sufficient enough to draw any generalconclusions, this may indicate that individuals from a local population has a similar view ontourism, regardless of geographic location and the country's level of development.

No description available.