Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar os banhos e as práticas balneárias públicas no Egito do século I a.C. ao século VI d.C., procurando detectar que modificações foram introduzidas pelo conquistador romano. Este contingente trouxe consigo hábitos culturais consolidados durante séculos em que estabelecera suas próprias práticas e desenvolvera técnicas construtivas e inovações tecnológicas, fruto de influências variadas e iniciativas locais resultantes de sua expansão colonial. Ao se estabelecerem no Egito anexado como província, os romanos encontraram uma cultura balneária solidamente enraizada, tão ou mais antiga que a sua, em consequência da conquista macedônica trezentos anos antes. O que vemos nos séculos seguintes é um movimento contínuo de manutenções e rupturas, em que uma população crescentemente \"romanizada\" adotou e descartou seletivamente práticas, feições e inovações técnicas, enquanto manteve hábitos tradicionais. Os edifícios balneários no Egito revelam que algumas destas práticas perduraram em seu território por mais tempo do que em qualquer outra província, e materializam escolhas feitas a nível local. Pretendemos demonstrar como, em sua arquitetura e em suas formas de banhar-se, os numerosos banhos públicos no Egito configuram uma prática cotidiana generalizada, amplamente adotada por uma população multiétnica e socialmente heterogênea, que contribuiu para lhes dar as feições híbridas que os distinguem, e que culminaram na geração de um modelo regional original e único. / This dissertation aims to investigate baths and bathing practices in Egypt from the 1st century BC to the 6th century AD, in order to determine which changes were introduced by the Roman conquerors. The Romans brought with them cultural habits formed over centuries, during which time they developed their own practices, building techniques and technological innovations, developed further during their colonial expansion. When they annexed Egypt, they encountered a solidly rooted bathing culture of similar or greater antiquity to their own, established following the Macedonian conquest three hundred years earlier. The picture which emerges over the following centuries is one of a constant movement of continuity and rupture, whereby the increasingly \"Romanised\" population selectively adopted and discarded practices, features and technical improvements, while retaining traditional habits. Egyptian baths show that some of these practices were kept alive on that territory far longer than on any other province, embodying choices made locally. We propose to demonstrate how - in their architecture and bathing forms - the numerous public baths of Egypt translate a generalised everyday practice, amply adopted by a multi-ethnical and socially heterogeneous population, who contributed towards the hybrid features which distinguish them, and which ultimately generated an original and unique regional model.

Submitted by Andrea Pereira (andrea.pereira@unipampa.edu.br) on 2019-02-25T17:07:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 DIS Claudia Sanches 2018..pdf: 5752469 bytes, checksum: eb9d1d054dd9d80340e21ad6f5356ec2 (MD5) Prod. Edu. Claudia Sanches 2018..pdf: 5928310 bytes, checksum: d0e238afa37e6d6ac3bd76cd194a81af (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Dayse Pestana (dayse.pestana@unipampa.edu.br) on 2019-02-25T17:09:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 DIS Claudia Sanches 2018..pdf: 5752469 bytes, checksum: eb9d1d054dd9d80340e21ad6f5356ec2 (MD5) Prod. Edu. Claudia Sanches 2018..pdf: 5928310 bytes, checksum: d0e238afa37e6d6ac3bd76cd194a81af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-25T17:09:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 DIS Claudia Sanches 2018..pdf: 5752469 bytes, checksum: eb9d1d054dd9d80340e21ad6f5356ec2 (MD5) Prod. Edu. Claudia Sanches 2018..pdf: 5928310 bytes, checksum: d0e238afa37e6d6ac3bd76cd194a81af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-12-14 / Este trabalho se propõe a contribuir para a transformação de uma realidade em quealunos utilizam com facilidade a oralidade em língua espanhola em sala de aula, emdecorrência da necessidade do uso em função do mercado ou pela influência dafamília. Porém a escrita, nesse processo, não só fica em segundo plano comomuitas vezes é repelida por esses estudantes pelo medo de errar. Desenvolvi apresente pesquisa durante o Mestrado profissional em Ensino de Línguas, portanto,com o objetivo de analisar o processo de implementação de uma sequência didáticade produção escrita de contos voltada a um público de alunos da Educação deJovens e Adultos do Ensino Médio, de uma escola pública do município de Sant’Anado Livramento, fronteira com a vizinha cidade de Rivera, no Uruguai. Desenvolvida apartir da produção e aplicação de um Material Didático Autoral, composto por 19aulas, com vistas a implementar uma proposta didática de produção escrita decontos em língua adicional (Língua Espanhola), focando na valorização dasidentidades locais dos alunos e também como uma forma de estimular a produçãoescrita desses alunos, essa pesquisa teve como objetivos específicos: apontar asprincipais facilidades e dificuldades no processo de aprendizagem dos estudantesao longo do desenvolvimento da proposta, a partir de atividades autoavaliativassistemáticas; avaliar a gestão dos tempos pedagógicos para o desenvolvimento daproposta, a partir do planejamento inicial, contrastando-o com a sua efetivaimplementação; comparar a produção inicial e final dos contos dos alunos queparticiparam de todas as etapas da proposta e identificar se as temáticasmobilizadas nos contos produzidos pelos estudantes apontam para a valorizaçãodas identidades regionais/locais. O embasamento teórico se deu principalmente apartir dos seguintes conceitos: Língua, Bagno (2001); Língua adicional, Leffa e Irala(2014); Portunhol, Celada (2002), Mota (2010), Lafin (2011) e Albuquerque (2014);Fronteira, Sturza (2005) e Garcia (2010); aprendizagem significativa de Ausubel,Moreira (2011); conto, Gotlib (2000); e os conceitos de cultura e ensino de línguas.Quanto aos resultados pude perceber a partir do acompanhamento das atividadesque houve um progresso na produção escrita dos alunos, juntamente com odesenvolvimento da oralidade. Concomitante a isso, os alunos resgataram, atravésda escrita dos contos, elementos das diferentes culturas presentes no grupo,valorizando as identidades locais. / This work aims to contribute to the transformation of a reality in which students easilyuse Spanish orality in the classroom, due to the need to use it because of the marketor the influence of the family. But writing in this process not only takes second place,but is often repelled by these students by the fear of making mistakes. I developedthe present research during the Professional Master in Teaching of Languages,therefore, with the objective of analyzing the process of implementation of a didacticsequence of written production of short stories directed to a public of students of theEducation of Young and Adults of High School, of a public school in the municipalityof Sant'Ana do Livramento, bordering the nearby town of Rivera in Uruguay.Developed from the production and application of an Authoritative Didactic Material,composed of 19 classes, with a view to implementing a didactic proposal of writtenwriting in additional language (Spanish Language), focusing on the valuation of thelocal identities of students and also as a In order to stimulate the written production ofthese students, this research had as specific objectives: to point out the mainfacilities and difficulties in the students' learning process throughout the developmentof the proposal, based on systematic self-evaluation activities; to evaluate themanagement of pedagogical times for the development of the proposal, starting fromthe initial planning, contrasting it with its effective implementation; compare the initialand final production of the short stories of the students who participated in all thestages of the proposal and identify if the themes mobilized in the stories produced bythe students point to the appreciation of the regional/local identities. The theoreticalbasis was based on the following concepts: Language, Bagno (2001); Additionallanguage, Leffa and Irala (2014); Portunhol, Celada (2002), Mota (2010), Lafin(2011) and Albuquerque (2014); Fronteira, Sturza (2005) and Garcia (2010); learningfrom Ausubel, Moreira (2011); tale, Gotlib (2000); and the concepts of culture andlanguage teaching. As for the results, I could see from the follow-up of the activitiesthat there was progress in the students' written production, together with thedevelopment of orality. Concomitant to this, the students rescued, through the writingof the stories, elements of the different cultures present in the group, valuing the localidentities.

The dialectics of globalization and multiculturalism is encountered everywhere and is an inescapable world reality. It has also become a major factor affecting teacher education. As a meeting ground and intercept for educational programs, teacher education provides an interface for both global imperatives and local identities. Ethiopia has pronounced achievements in most education programs at all levels, although official documents indicate variance in the quality of attainment across the levels (ESDP IV, 2011). Local studies (Ambisa, 2008; Amaliraj, 2008) also found that teacher education suffers from a lack of relevance and poor quality. Moreover, the demand for qualified teachers who are competent to shape the young generation through balancing the glocal context is increasing. This study investigated how local identities and global imperatives are integrated in contemporary Ethiopian teacher education at all levels. Critical theory was employed as the paradigm for the study. This epistemological view underpinned a discussion of the effect of globalization and multiculturalism on the world’s functioning. The research approach in the empirical study was qualitative and an interpretive case study method was employed. The units of analysis were literatures, such as The Lexus vs. the Olive Tree; McWorld vs. Jihad; The Clash of Civilization: The West vs. the Rest; and Demonstrating Common World Culture of Education (CWCE) or Locating A Globally Structured Agenda for Education (GSAE); and the contemporary Ethiopian teacher education programs (the PGDT and TESO programs). Data collection tools were basic dialectical questions under Eemeren’s (1986) established ‘system of norms’, observation, interviews and focus group discussions. Confidentiality, anonymity, informed consent, resolution of conflict of interest and intellectual ownership were considered in the study. The dialectical analysis investigated the four quadrant glocal relationships model and described the role players in each quadrant where nations may locate themselves. Moreover, the comparative analysis indicated that globalization has not yet become an issue in contemporary Ethiopian teacher education, while multicultural practices are fragmented and are addressed only in response to ethnic demands for accommodation. To this end, Ethiopian teacher education should redefine its programs in order to adjust to global understanding in an endeavor to produce competent teachers for the global market. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

The dialectics of globalization and multiculturalism is encountered everywhere and is an inescapable world reality. It has also become a major factor affecting teacher education. As a meeting ground and intercept for educational programs, teacher education provides an interface for both global imperatives and local identities. Ethiopia has pronounced achievements in most education programs at all levels, although official documents indicate variance in the quality of attainment across the levels (ESDP IV, 2011). Local studies (Ambisa, 2008; Amaliraj, 2008) also found that teacher education suffers from a lack of relevance and poor quality. Moreover, the demand for qualified teachers who are competent to shape the young generation through balancing the glocal context is increasing. This study investigated how local identities and global imperatives are integrated in contemporary Ethiopian teacher education at all levels. Critical theory was employed as the paradigm for the study. This epistemological view underpinned a discussion of the effect of globalization and multiculturalism on the world’s functioning. The research approach in the empirical study was qualitative and an interpretive case study method was employed. The units of analysis were literatures, such as The Lexus vs. the Olive Tree; McWorld vs. Jihad; The Clash of Civilization: The West vs. the Rest; and Demonstrating Common World Culture of Education (CWCE) or Locating A Globally Structured Agenda for Education (GSAE); and the contemporary Ethiopian teacher education programs (the PGDT and TESO programs). Data collection tools were basic dialectical questions under Eemeren’s (1986) established ‘system of norms’, observation, interviews and focus group discussions. Confidentiality, anonymity, informed consent, resolution of conflict of interest and intellectual ownership were considered in the study. The dialectical analysis investigated the four quadrant glocal relationships model and described the role players in each quadrant where nations may locate themselves. Moreover, the comparative analysis indicated that globalization has not yet become an issue in contemporary Ethiopian teacher education, while multicultural practices are fragmented and are addressed only in response to ethnic demands for accommodation. To this end, Ethiopian teacher education should redefine its programs in order to adjust to global understanding in an endeavor to produce competent teachers for the global market. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

Si le Japon est reconnu comme un pays émetteur de touristes internationaux durant la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, son gouvernement met en œuvre dès le début du XXIe siècle des politiques visant à inverser cette tendance : l’Archipel veut s’imposer comme une destination touristique majeure au niveau international. L’enjeu que représentent les touristes étrangers dans les politiques nationales est souligné à travers l’histoire du pays. Un état des lieux sur la situation actuelle du tourisme des étrangers sur le territoire japonais est ensuite proposé sur la base de plusieurs indicateurs, débouchant sur des modèles structuraux. Parmi eux, le département d’Okinawa apparait comme la zone la plus touchée par le phénomène touristique, d’autant plus que la structure spatiale des espaces touristiques dans ce petit archipel reproduit le système observé à l’échelle nationale, justifiant de focaliser l’analyse sur cette collectivité territoriale. Pour évaluer la pertinence du tourisme international à Okinawa, l’approche adoptée repose sur une analyse cartographique et des travaux de terrain. Centrés sur le chef-lieu d’Okinawa, la ville de Naha, ces travaux regroupent des enquêtes d’opinion à propos des touristes étrangers menées auprès des commerçants, des entretiens avec des fonctionnaires et des entreprises, mais aussi des relevés relatifs à l’affichage des langues étrangères dans les boutiques. Les résultats de ces travaux sont ensuite décomposés en quatre catégories : l’impact économique, les rapports sociaux, les représentations symboliques et les échanges culturels. Des disparités émergent au sein de la ville, ainsi qu’un manque d’adaptation de la part des locaux vis-à-vis de la clientèle étrangère, notamment en matière de communication. L’appareil touristique local est conçu pour répondre à une clientèle domestique et, en ce sens, la croissance des arrivées de voyageurs étrangers s’accompagne d’une série de problèmes. Néanmoins, une « proximité culturelle » s’établit à l’égard de certaines nationalités de touristes. En parallèle, non seulement une hiérarchie des attraits culturels se dessinent mais aussi l’ensemble du système de représentation touristique se complexifie lorsqu’il est appréhendé à travers le spectre des touristes internationaux.Le champ d’observation prend ensuite du recul afin de recontextualiser cet état des lieux dans la perspective des politiques nationales. Ces dernières ont gagné en cohésion au fur et à mesure qu’émerge au Japon une volonté décentralisatrice. Aujourd’hui, le tourisme relève en grande partie de la responsabilité des collectivités territoriales, vis-à-vis desquelles Okinawa fait figure de précurseur, sinon de pilote. En outre, la gestion publique du tourisme est largement inscrite dans une tendance libérale, marquée par des privatisations et un rapprochement entre acteurs publics et privés. Le tourisme international apparait comme une solution pour résoudre en partie des problèmes internes (baisse démographique, contraction future de la demande intérieure, dynamisme socioéconomique des espaces en déclin), de même qu’il doit amener, du point de vue culturel, une meilleure compétitivité du pays en termes de rayonnement (en particulier par rapport aux autres pays asiatiques), ainsi qu’une « ouverture » identitaire.En somme, cette thèse emprunte essentiellement à la géographie du tourisme, usant de concepts tels que la touristification, l’attrait et l’attractivité culturelle. Elle propose une étude inédite du territoire japonais perçu en tant qu’espace du tourisme international, de même qu’elle intègre dans cette analyse la question du rapport à l’Autre, de l’interaction entre trois échelles (locale, nationale, transnationale). Surtout, elle met en lumière de nouveaux éléments de connaissance sur Okinawa, ce Japon « autre » qui révèle certaines réalités de l’Archipel. / Even though Japan is considered as a providing zone for international tourists during the second half of the twentieth century, since the early twenty-first century its government has been setting up policies aiming to reverse this trend. Japan wants to brand itself as an important tourist destination in the world. Inbound tourism is emphasized in Japanese history as an important stake in its national policies. The analysis on the current situation of inbound tourism in Japan is then proposed by a series of indicators, leading to structural models. In doing so, the Japanese territory “consumed” by foreign tourists is organized through a space trend called “multipolar binuclear”, including a main axis followed by pioneer fronts. In order to evaluate the relevance of inbound tourism in Okinawa, the proposed approach is based on map analysis and fieldworks. This was centered around Okinawa’s capital, Naha city. These fieldworks gathered surveys from shopkeepers about foreign tourists, interviews with the public and private actors and samples concerning the visibility of foreign languages in local shops. The results are divided in four categories: economic impact, social relations, symbolic representations and cultural exchanges. Disparities are revealed among the citizens, but also a lack of adaptation to foreign customer service, particularly in terms of communication. Local tourism production is still targeting toward Japanese customers, which is why the growth of foreign tourists arrivals is accompanied with a range of issues. However, a “cultural proximity” is felt towards two kind of foreign tourists, according to their nationality. Also, a hierarchy is drawn about the inner “cultural appeal elements”. While the entire system of tourist symbols is becoming more complex, it is observed through the prism of inbound tourism.The scope of observation is then widened in order to recontextualize these elements within the processes of national policies. Tourism related policies became gradually a coherent whole as the decentralization measures have developed in Japan. Nowadays, tourism is mainly handled by local governments, among whom Okinawa Prefecture is appearing as a precursor, as a guide. Besides, public administration of tourism is obviously involving in a liberal trend, leading to privatizations and hindered relations between public and private actors.Indeed, national policies are aiming to promote inbound tourism as a response to certain issues. The growth of foreign tourist arrivals is conceived as a solution to internal problems (demographic slump, upcoming contraction of the national demand, socioeconomic revitalization of declining areas). It also must lead to evolutions in terms of culture, meaning a reinforced influence worldwide (particularly towards Asian countries) and an identity-related “openness”.Concerning all these aspects, Okinawa Prefecture provides an important function as an experimental area. Each of its success are being reproduced in other parts of Japan. Furthermore, Okinawa is playing a complementary role, influencing and guiding national models in terms of public management, in symbolic representation, or even in terms of transculturality.In other words, this dissertation borrows some tools to the French geography of tourism, using concepts such as touristification, appealing elements and cultural attractiveness. It provides an unique analysis of the Japanese territory seen as an international tourism destination, including thoughts about the relation with the “Other” in Japan, about interactions between three scales (local, national, transnational). Above all, the thesis enlightens on a new kind of knowledge concerning Okinawa, this distinctive piece of Japan , which reveals unexpected realities of the nation.