Orchids are an endangered group of plants, protected both in the Czech Republic and in the whole world. Questions of their protection are therefore lively discussed, but not all factors, affecting their presence, are known so far. The purpose of this work was to find out, which environmental factors influence the existence of certain orchid species at their localities in the selected area. This is important for better protection of orchids, because only by knowing these factors we can find new sites, or improve management plans of the existing ones. Another purpose of this work was to find out what is the main reason for extinction of orchids at their historical localities and whether or not there is a possibility of finding other, yet unknown localities of these species. This thesis is based on data from databases, which were also updated during the data collection. The data were processed by computer software MaxEnt, which produces species distribution models and allows to predict potential occurrence of orchids even at yet unknown localities. This software also analyses the environmental factors affecting species presence. I found that the main reason of extinction of orchids at their historical localities was overgrowing. Main environmental factors affecting orchid occurrence were analysed for...

The objective of the diploma thesis is to capture the phenomenon of internationalization of second housing in Czechia using the example of Dutch investment in tourism and recreation with a focus on new recreational localities and their impacts on the destinations. The development of this phenomenon has occurred in Czechia since 1990s in the context of the changing geopolitical and geo-economic situation. An important role plays also the offer on real estate market and environmentally attractive localities in the country. Recreational localities owned and used mainly by foreign (Dutch) clients for individual recreation and commercial purposes are established in areas with high tourist-recreational potential. They become an integral part of the physical and social environment and their specific features change its structure and links. Their benefits and risks depend on the nature of recreational localities projects and the target destinations as well. Key words: Czechia, impacts of tourism and recreation, second housing, internationalization, recreational localities

Emissões sonoras são comuns em diferentes táxons, principalmente dentro de contextos reprodutivos e territoriais. Nos anuros, as vocalizações são produzidas principalmente pelos machos. Os cantos de anúncio, principal forma de comunicação nesse grupo, têm a função principal de atrair fêmeas e sinalizar a ocupação de um espaço ou território. Em geral, o canto de anúncio, é um atributo único de cada espécie, tendo importância no reconhecimento específico, atuando como barreira pré-zigótica de isolamento reprodutivo, tendo papel importante em eventos de especiação. Assim, o estudo desse tipo de vocalização tem contribuído na determinação da identidade das espécies, sendo usado como caráter diagnóstico em estudos taxonômicos, inclusive no reconhecimento de novas espécies. O gênero Dendropsophus, atualmente abriga 97 espécies distribuídas do sul da Argentina/Uruguai ao sul do México, essas estão divididas essencialmente em nove grupos. O grupo de D. microcephalus que compreende 38 espécies foi tradicionalmente definido em bases morfológicas e, posteriormente, sua monofilia foi corroborada através de dados moleculares. No grupo de D. microcephalus, o subgrupo de Dendropsophus rubicundulus, ainda não teve sua monofilia testada, sendo primeiramente reconhecido como um grupo fenético a partir dos seguintes caracteres: tamanho pequeno, coxas imaculadas, superfícies dorsais esverdeadas em vida e violáceas em espécimes preservados. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar e caracterizar os cantos de anúncio de populações e espécies do grupo de Dendropsophus rubicundulus, visando reconhecer novos caracteres acústicos diagnósticos e determinar a posição taxonômica de outras populações. Com as análises dos cantos de anúncio das espécies do grupo de Dendropsophus rubicundulus constatou-se que o canto de D. anataliasiasi é diagnostico de todas as outas oito espécies pela presença de dois tipos de notas compondo o canto de anúncio. A presença de apenas um tipo de nota compondo o canto de anúncio, a grande sobreposição na amplitude de valores para as variáveis temporais, espectrais e as similaridades estruturais não permitem o reconhecimento de caracteres acústicos diagnósticos entre as espécies do complexo de D. tritaeniatus: D. araguaya, D. cerradensis, D. jimi, D. rhea, D. tritaeniatus; e D. cachimbo, D. elianeae, D. rubicundulus e Dendropsophus sp. da Chapada dos Veadeiros e Município de Padre Bernardo (GO). Embora a grande similaridade acústica entre essas espécies não permita diagnoses, a tendência de emitir notas em sequência, a maior duração das notas, maior duração dos pulsos, maior intervalo entre as notas da sequência, frequência dominante mais alta e menor taxa de repetição dos pulsos, permite uma discreta diferenciação entre as espécies que compõem o complexo de D. tritaeniatus e as outras três espécies do grupo de D. rubicundulus (D. cachimbo, D. elianeae, D. rubicundulus) e Dendropsophus sp. da Chapada dos Veadeiros e Município de Padre Bernardo. / Sound emissions are common in different taxa, mainly in reproductive and territorial contexts. In Anura, vocalizations are released mainly by males. The advertisement call, main form of communication in this group, has the function of attracting females and signaling the occupation of a space or territory. In general, the advertisement call is a particular attribute of each species with significance in specific recognition, acting as a pre-zygotic barrier of reproductive isolation, playing an important role in speciation events. Thus, the study of vocalizations have contributed to the determination of species identities as a diagnostic character in taxonomic studies, including the recognition of new species. The genus Dendropsophus, currently comprises 97 species distributed from southern Argentina/Uruguay to southern Mexico. This genus is essentially divided into nine groups. The Dendropsophus microcephalus group comprises 38 species, and was traditionally defined through a morphological approach. Subsequently, its monophyly was corroborated by molecular evidence. In Dendropsophus microcephalus group, the D. rubicundulus sub-group´s monophyly has not been tested yet, recognized as a phenetic group by the following characters: small size, immaculate thighs, dorsum green in life, and violet in preserved specimens. The present study aimed to analyze and characterize the advertisement calls of populations and specimens of the D. rubicundulus group, an effort to recognize further diagnostic acoustics features and to assess the taxonomic status of other populations. From the the advertisement calls analyses among the species of the D. rubicundulus group, we can notice that the call of D. anataliasiasi is diagnostic in relation to the other eight species of the D. rubicundulus group by the presence of two types of notes compounding its advertisement call. The presence of only one type note compounding the call, the wide overlap in the range of values for the temporal traits, as well as spectral and structural similarities, do not allow us to recognize diagnostic acoustic characters among the species of the D. tritaeniatus complex: D. araguaya, D. cerradensis, D. jimi, D. rhea, D. tritaeniatus; and D. cachimbo, D. rubicundulus, D. elianeae, and Dendropsophus sp. from Chapada dos Veadeiros and Municipality of Padre Bernardo (GO). Although the acoustic similarity among these species does not allow us to enhance species diagnoses, the tendency to issue notes in sequences, the longer note duration, longer pulses, longer interval between notes emitted in sequence, higher dominant frequency, and lower pulse repetition rate, shows a slight differentiation between the species of the D. tritaeniatus complex and the three other species of the D. rubicundulus group (D. cachimbo, D. elianeae, and D. rubicundulus), as well as Dendropsophus sp. from the Chapada dos Veadeiros and Municipality of Padre Bernardo.

This thesis examines localities in the vicinity of cities, starting with Ekeby- Almby which is situated near Örebro. In the past twenty years, Ekeby- Almby has experienced vast sociodemographic changes. These lines of development give rise to a number of questions. For example, does the socioeconomic change of Ekeby-Almby reflect a general trend for this kind of locality? What are the perspectives and concepts that characterise the planning of these localities, and what is the significance of these suburban areas for the urban development as a whole? The purpose of this thesis is to examine the peri-urban localities, their role in, and their significance to, the development of cities. The thesis is made up of three empirical parts. Some of the main results are that the peri-urban localities can bedescribed as continuously growing, even during periods of shrinking towns and growing countryside (70s and 80s), and re-urbanisation (90s and 00s). Other results from the study are that layers of peri-urban localities with partially separatesocioeconomic profiles become apparent. Together these localities are, in various ways, part of the city’s socioeconomic differentiation. Finally, the result from the study indicates that the development of localities is shaped by a series of structures, and actors operating in relation to these. The development of the peri-urban localities can, theoretically, be seen as an urban counter- urbanisation, but perhaps primarily as a Swedish periurbia, and thus as an extension of the city, often described as an urban sprawl. This study also discusses the role of the peri-urban locality in the city’s social geography, where it among other things can be described as the ”hidden” space of the segregated city. Another aspect of the peri-urban locality is that it can be seen as a place which is important in an intermunicipal competition in population growth.

Emissões sonoras são comuns em diferentes táxons, principalmente dentro de contextos reprodutivos e territoriais. Nos anuros, as vocalizações são produzidas principalmente pelos machos. Os cantos de anúncio, principal forma de comunicação nesse grupo, têm a função principal de atrair fêmeas e sinalizar a ocupação de um espaço ou território. Em geral, o canto de anúncio, é um atributo único de cada espécie, tendo importância no reconhecimento específico, atuando como barreira pré-zigótica de isolamento reprodutivo, tendo papel importante em eventos de especiação. Assim, o estudo desse tipo de vocalização tem contribuído na determinação da identidade das espécies, sendo usado como caráter diagnóstico em estudos taxonômicos, inclusive no reconhecimento de novas espécies. O gênero Dendropsophus, atualmente abriga 97 espécies distribuídas do sul da Argentina/Uruguai ao sul do México, essas estão divididas essencialmente em nove grupos. O grupo de D. microcephalus que compreende 38 espécies foi tradicionalmente definido em bases morfológicas e, posteriormente, sua monofilia foi corroborada através de dados moleculares. No grupo de D. microcephalus, o subgrupo de Dendropsophus rubicundulus, ainda não teve sua monofilia testada, sendo primeiramente reconhecido como um grupo fenético a partir dos seguintes caracteres: tamanho pequeno, coxas imaculadas, superfícies dorsais esverdeadas em vida e violáceas em espécimes preservados. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar e caracterizar os cantos de anúncio de populações e espécies do grupo de Dendropsophus rubicundulus, visando reconhecer novos caracteres acústicos diagnósticos e determinar a posição taxonômica de outras populações. Com as análises dos cantos de anúncio das espécies do grupo de Dendropsophus rubicundulus constatou-se que o canto de D. anataliasiasi é diagnostico de todas as outas oito espécies pela presença de dois tipos de notas compondo o canto de anúncio. A presença de apenas um tipo de nota compondo o canto de anúncio, a grande sobreposição na amplitude de valores para as variáveis temporais, espectrais e as similaridades estruturais não permitem o reconhecimento de caracteres acústicos diagnósticos entre as espécies do complexo de D. tritaeniatus: D. araguaya, D. cerradensis, D. jimi, D. rhea, D. tritaeniatus; e D. cachimbo, D. elianeae, D. rubicundulus e Dendropsophus sp. da Chapada dos Veadeiros e Município de Padre Bernardo (GO). Embora a grande similaridade acústica entre essas espécies não permita diagnoses, a tendência de emitir notas em sequência, a maior duração das notas, maior duração dos pulsos, maior intervalo entre as notas da sequência, frequência dominante mais alta e menor taxa de repetição dos pulsos, permite uma discreta diferenciação entre as espécies que compõem o complexo de D. tritaeniatus e as outras três espécies do grupo de D. rubicundulus (D. cachimbo, D. elianeae, D. rubicundulus) e Dendropsophus sp. da Chapada dos Veadeiros e Município de Padre Bernardo. / Sound emissions are common in different taxa, mainly in reproductive and territorial contexts. In Anura, vocalizations are released mainly by males. The advertisement call, main form of communication in this group, has the function of attracting females and signaling the occupation of a space or territory. In general, the advertisement call is a particular attribute of each species with significance in specific recognition, acting as a pre-zygotic barrier of reproductive isolation, playing an important role in speciation events. Thus, the study of vocalizations have contributed to the determination of species identities as a diagnostic character in taxonomic studies, including the recognition of new species. The genus Dendropsophus, currently comprises 97 species distributed from southern Argentina/Uruguay to southern Mexico. This genus is essentially divided into nine groups. The Dendropsophus microcephalus group comprises 38 species, and was traditionally defined through a morphological approach. Subsequently, its monophyly was corroborated by molecular evidence. In Dendropsophus microcephalus group, the D. rubicundulus sub-group´s monophyly has not been tested yet, recognized as a phenetic group by the following characters: small size, immaculate thighs, dorsum green in life, and violet in preserved specimens. The present study aimed to analyze and characterize the advertisement calls of populations and specimens of the D. rubicundulus group, an effort to recognize further diagnostic acoustics features and to assess the taxonomic status of other populations. From the the advertisement calls analyses among the species of the D. rubicundulus group, we can notice that the call of D. anataliasiasi is diagnostic in relation to the other eight species of the D. rubicundulus group by the presence of two types of notes compounding its advertisement call. The presence of only one type note compounding the call, the wide overlap in the range of values for the temporal traits, as well as spectral and structural similarities, do not allow us to recognize diagnostic acoustic characters among the species of the D. tritaeniatus complex: D. araguaya, D. cerradensis, D. jimi, D. rhea, D. tritaeniatus; and D. cachimbo, D. rubicundulus, D. elianeae, and Dendropsophus sp. from Chapada dos Veadeiros and Municipality of Padre Bernardo (GO). Although the acoustic similarity among these species does not allow us to enhance species diagnoses, the tendency to issue notes in sequences, the longer note duration, longer pulses, longer interval between notes emitted in sequence, higher dominant frequency, and lower pulse repetition rate, shows a slight differentiation between the species of the D. tritaeniatus complex and the three other species of the D. rubicundulus group (D. cachimbo, D. elianeae, and D. rubicundulus), as well as Dendropsophus sp. from the Chapada dos Veadeiros and Municipality of Padre Bernardo.

Eating habits and general advice for healthy food are recently discussed topic, but the eating habits of Roma children are not from a large part presented yet. Diet and way of preparing food has an influence to many factors, especially the social, cultural and economic. The diet has specifics that are typical for many nationalities, also for ethnicity and family.The topic of this thesis is the "Eating habits of the Roma children at younger and older school age in socially excluded localities in the České Budějovice". The aim of this thesis was to find out the dietary habits of Roma children at younger and older school age in socially excluded localities in the České Budějovice.For the practical part of this thesis, was chosen the strategy of quantitative research, the questioning method, which was implemented by the method questionnaire. Was determined by research question - What are the eating habits and knowledge about the healthy nutrition of the Roma children in socially excluded localities? Three hypotheses were formulated. The graphic evaluation of this thesis showed us that the Roma children of my study do not eat according to the rules and principles the healthy diet. In their diet there are many risk factors that may have effect to their health.

We state a sufficient condition for a fusion system to be saturated. This is then used to investigate localities with kernels: that is, localities that are (in a particular way) extensions of groups by localities. As an application of these results, we define and study certain products in fusion systems and localities, thus giving a new method to construct saturated subsystems of fusion systems.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

This thesis deals with the social work in the context of early formation of family in socially excluded localities. In the first part of the thesis there is theoretical basis in which the basic terms are described and the main factors of social exclusion are distinguished. The second, empirical part, presents processed results which are chronologically divided into four consecutive chapters which follow the sequence of events directly connected with early parenting. Three-stage coding - open, axial and selective - was used. The aim of this work was to find out the reasons for adolescent girls living in socially excluded localities to start a family early, to summarize the opportunities of preventing the emergence of socially undesirable phenomena and to identify the key sources of support in managing child care. The main result of the research is finding out, that the most important influence on the circumstances connected to early parenting is undoubtedly the family and following its model. The mothers family and her partner are then the main sources from which can the young primiparas draw. The prevention of socially undesirable phenomena is adequate and appropriately mediated sexual education of underage girls and boys. Higher education can also be considered a protective factor. However the most important support of a young family does not consist in the amount and quality of social worker interventions but in the families the young parents come from. The families take care of the intergenerational transfer of childcare capacity and they are also involved in direct care to a great extent. So the family is on one hand a model due to which we can encouter higher birth rates of adolescent girls in socially excluded localities, on the other hand it can be considered the most valuable source of support for these girls. The present state can be considered looped and a solution is as uncertain as in the vicious circle of whole social exclusion.

Diploma thesis deals with pupils from socially excluded localities and their education. The theoretical part defines the term socially excluded locality and deals with distinctive features that influence the situation of people living here. The Roma minority, which is often associated with social exclusion, is also characterised, and unfortunately is still frequently represented in socially excluded localities. The main topic is a socially disadvantaged pupil, their needs and current educational opportunities are taken into account. Special attention is given to Roma children and pupils with regard to cultural and ethnic specifics. The practical part is processed in the form of 12 case studies describing individual families from socially excluded localities and their attitude to children's education. The main objective of the research was to identify barriers that influence the education of their children from the parents' point of view. Partial objectives focus on other circumstances that families may have to limit access to school in relation to their social situation. The results of the research point to a close connection between the unfavorable social situation of the family, when these circumstances have a negative effect to the school education of children. Parents themselves perceive these...