In this thesis, we propose a family of concurrency control protocols for high data contention database environments. The first one is called the Prudent-Precedence Concurrency Control (PPCC) protocol. It is prudently more aggressive in permitting more serializable schedules than two-phase locking and maintains a restricted precedence among conflicting transactions and commits the transactions according to the serialization order established in the executions. The second one is a family of hierarchical concurrency control protocols called the Hierarchical Precedence Concurrency Control (HPCC) protocols. It maintains cycle-free precedence hierarchies for conflicting transactions. Conflicting operations are allowed to proceed only if the hierarchical orderings of precedence is not violated. Transactions also commit based on the serialization order established during the executions. Detailed simulation models have been implemented for all these protocols and extensive experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed approaches. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms outperform the two-phase locking and optimistic concurrency control over a wide range of system workloads.

A utilização de enxertos ósseos vem aumentando bastante em pequenos animais, entretanto, em aves esta utilização é menor devido à dificuldade de conseguir autoenxerto em quantidades adequadas. Sendo assim, o objetivo do projeto foi avaliar três tipos de enxertos em aves. Foram utilizadas 30 galinhas separadas em três grupos: grupo aloenxerto congelado em ultrafreezer (GUF) por duas semanas; grupo aloenxerto congelado em nitrogênio líquido (GNL) e grupo enxerto sintético de hidroxiapatita deficiente em cálcio (GHA). Os enxertos foram aplicados em defeito ósseo de aproximadamente 20mm na ulna das aves e fixados ao leito receptor com uma placa e quatro parafusos bloqueados. Os animais foram acompanhados por meio de avaliação clínica, radiográfica, histológica e biomecânica. A consolidação radiográfica ocorreu em 90% nos animais do GNL, 70% nos do GUF e 60% nos do GHA, com média de 47,14±13,50 dias no GUF, 61,67±21,79 dias no GNL e aos 70±18,17 dias no GHA, havendo diferença significativa entre o GUF e GHA. Histologicamente os enxertos do GUF apresentavam-se em processo de consolidação mais avançada, com remodelação óssea e a presença de osteoclastos. Na avaliação clínica todas as ulnas operadas tinham estabilidade, sem sinal de inflamação/contaminação, articulações preservadas, sem dor e sem desvios angulares graves na asa. Na análise biomecânica houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre o GNL e o GHA na resistência, já na avaliação de flexão máxima, observou-se diferença estatística entre o GHA e o GNL e entre o GHA e o GUF. Sendo assim, é possível concluir que os três enxertos testados podem ser utilizados em defeitos ósseos em aves, mas o melhor deles foi o GNL por apresentar mais vantagens na preparação, confecção, aplicação dos enxertos e resistência biomecânica, com maior taxa de consolidação óssea. / The use of bone grafts is increasing considerably in small animals, however, in poultry this use is less due to the difficulty of obtaining autograft in adequate quantities. Therefore, the objective of the project was to test three types of grafts, evaluating their best results over a period of 90 days. For this purpose, 30 chickens were divided into three groups: frozen ultra freezer allograft group (UFG) for two weeks; allograft frozen in liquid nitrogen group (LNG) and synthetic grafts of calcium deficient hydroxyapatite group (HAG). Grafts were applied to a bone defect of approximately 20 mm in the ulna of birds, in all three groups the grafts were fixed to the recipient bed with plates blocked and 4 screws locked. The animals were followed up by serial radiographs, histological examination, clinical orthopedic evaluation and biomechanical flexion assay. Radiographic consolidation occurred in 90% of the LNG, 70% in the GUF and 60% in the GHA, mean of 47.14 ± 13.50 days without UFG, 61.67 ± 21.79 days non LNG and at 70 ± 18.17 days without HAG, with a significant difference between UFG and HAG. Histologically, UFG grafts were in a more advanced consolidation process, presenting bone remodeling with a presence of osteoclasts In the clinical review, all of them were operated with stability, with no sign of inflammation / contamination, preserved joints, no pain and no angular deviations, graves in the nail. In the biomechanics, there was a significant difference (p <0.05) between LNG and HAG in the resistance, already in the evaluation of maximum flexion, it was observed statistical difference not HAG with LNG and HAG with UFG grafts. Thus, it is possible to conclude that the three grafts tested are feasible to be used in bone loss in birds, where the LNG was superior because it presented more advantages in the preparation, preparation and application of the grafts, presenting a higher rate of bone consolidation.

A utilização de enxertos ósseos vem aumentando bastante em pequenos animais, entretanto, em aves esta utilização é menor devido à dificuldade de conseguir autoenxerto em quantidades adequadas. Sendo assim, o objetivo do projeto foi avaliar três tipos de enxertos em aves. Foram utilizadas 30 galinhas separadas em três grupos: grupo aloenxerto congelado em ultrafreezer (GUF) por duas semanas; grupo aloenxerto congelado em nitrogênio líquido (GNL) e grupo enxerto sintético de hidroxiapatita deficiente em cálcio (GHA). Os enxertos foram aplicados em defeito ósseo de aproximadamente 20mm na ulna das aves e fixados ao leito receptor com uma placa e quatro parafusos bloqueados. Os animais foram acompanhados por meio de avaliação clínica, radiográfica, histológica e biomecânica. A consolidação radiográfica ocorreu em 90% nos animais do GNL, 70% nos do GUF e 60% nos do GHA, com média de 47,14±13,50 dias no GUF, 61,67±21,79 dias no GNL e aos 70±18,17 dias no GHA, havendo diferença significativa entre o GUF e GHA. Histologicamente os enxertos do GUF apresentavam-se em processo de consolidação mais avançada, com remodelação óssea e a presença de osteoclastos. Na avaliação clínica todas as ulnas operadas tinham estabilidade, sem sinal de inflamação/contaminação, articulações preservadas, sem dor e sem desvios angulares graves na asa. Na análise biomecânica houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre o GNL e o GHA na resistência, já na avaliação de flexão máxima, observou-se diferença estatística entre o GHA e o GNL e entre o GHA e o GUF. Sendo assim, é possível concluir que os três enxertos testados podem ser utilizados em defeitos ósseos em aves, mas o melhor deles foi o GNL por apresentar mais vantagens na preparação, confecção, aplicação dos enxertos e resistência biomecânica, com maior taxa de consolidação óssea. / The use of bone grafts is increasing considerably in small animals, however, in poultry this use is less due to the difficulty of obtaining autograft in adequate quantities. Therefore, the objective of the project was to test three types of grafts, evaluating their best results over a period of 90 days. For this purpose, 30 chickens were divided into three groups: frozen ultra freezer allograft group (UFG) for two weeks; allograft frozen in liquid nitrogen group (LNG) and synthetic grafts of calcium deficient hydroxyapatite group (HAG). Grafts were applied to a bone defect of approximately 20 mm in the ulna of birds, in all three groups the grafts were fixed to the recipient bed with plates blocked and 4 screws locked. The animals were followed up by serial radiographs, histological examination, clinical orthopedic evaluation and biomechanical flexion assay. Radiographic consolidation occurred in 90% of the LNG, 70% in the GUF and 60% in the GHA, mean of 47.14 ± 13.50 days without UFG, 61.67 ± 21.79 days non LNG and at 70 ± 18.17 days without HAG, with a significant difference between UFG and HAG. Histologically, UFG grafts were in a more advanced consolidation process, presenting bone remodeling with a presence of osteoclasts In the clinical review, all of them were operated with stability, with no sign of inflammation / contamination, preserved joints, no pain and no angular deviations, graves in the nail. In the biomechanics, there was a significant difference (p <0.05) between LNG and HAG in the resistance, already in the evaluation of maximum flexion, it was observed statistical difference not HAG with LNG and HAG with UFG grafts. Thus, it is possible to conclude that the three grafts tested are feasible to be used in bone loss in birds, where the LNG was superior because it presented more advantages in the preparation, preparation and application of the grafts, presenting a higher rate of bone consolidation.

Doctorat en sciences sociales, politiques et économiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

En France, le problème des déchets radioactifs a fait l’objet de différentes prises en charge. La gestion de ces déchets a été singularisée et confiée à un opérateur spécialisé, l’Agence Nationale pour la gestion des Déchets Radioactifs, l’Andra, créée en 1979 pour stocker ces déchets. Mais l’Andra a rencontré des difficultés pour réaliser des projets de stockage régulièrement contestés. Aujourd’hui encore, alors que son projet de stockage géologique entre en phase de réalisation, elle fait l’objet de critiques, cristallisant des rapports de force traversant l’ensemble du secteur nucléaire. Pour retracer les évolutions de cette gestion depuis les années 1950, l’étude du travail organisationnel permet d’appréhender de l’intérieur comment les agents définissent les problèmes, conçoivent et réalisent des solutions. A travers ce travail stratégique et politique, ils transforment régulièrement l’Agence en fonction du déroulement de ses projets : filiale industrielle du CEA, elle est transformée en agence de recherche finalisée, puis à nouveau en opérateur industriel pour réaliser le stockage géologique. Ces changements permettent aux acteurs de relancer des projets critiqués, sans forcément en modifier le contenu : ce n’est pas l’inertie mais la flexibilité organisationnelle et institutionnelle qui permet d’expliquer le maintien de solutions contestées. Enfin, le problème des déchets cristallise une multiplicité de logiques temporelles. L’analyse du travail de temporalisation de l’action, comme forme particulière d’organisation, permet d’interroger l’articulation entre changement et verrouillage de l’action publique. Ainsi notre étude porte sur le lien entre définition d’un problème, construction de solutions irréversibles, travail organisationnel et temporel. / In France, the problem of radioactive waste has been subjected to different solutions. In 1979, the storage of radioactive waste was entrusted to a specialized operator, the National Agency for Radioactive Waste Management (Andra). Yet, through the course of its history, the Agency has faced many difficulties to implement its projects, which often came under strong public criticism. Still today, while its project of geological disposal is about to move into its industrial phase, the Andra is still widely criticized and serves as a crystallization point for power relationships in the nuclear sector. In order to retrace the evolution of French radioactive waste management since the 1950s, the archival and ethnographical study of the Andra’s organizational work provides an insider perspective on how its agents have defined problems, as well as conceived and implemented solutions. Indeed, through this strategic and political work, they have frequently transformed the Agency to fit the progress of its projects. From an industrial subsidiary of the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), the Agency was transformed into a finalized research agency, then again into an industrial operator in order to undertake to construction the geological disposal site. Through to these changes, actors have been able to revived criticized projects, without necessarily modifying their contents. In fact, it is not stability but organizational and institutional flexibility, which can account for the preservation of these controversial solutions. Lastly, the problem of radioactive waste crystallizes a multiplicity of temporal logics. The analysis of this work of temporalisation, which can be seen as a particular kind of organization, questions the articulation between change and permanency of public action. As such, this study sheds light on the relation between dynamics of problem definition, the construction of irreversible technical solutions, and organizational and temporal work.

Abstract genital characteristics have peculiar morphological patterns. They show great divergence between species. At the same time, they are assumed to vary little within species by taxonomists who frequently use genital features to delimit species. I studied moth (Lepidoptera) genital size and shape variation within and between species. I also tested hypotheses proposed to explain rapid genital diversification among species. Studies were carried out using traditional distance measurement morphometrics and modern geometric morphometrics. Several moth species were analyzed. d that genital structures show variation that in closely related species may show structural overlap. More surprisingly, the amount of variation in internal genitalia was equal to non-genital traits. These and some other findings are against the predictions of the lock-and-key hypothesis, which suggests that genital differences form a mechanical isolation system between species. Meanwhile, the findings are in good accordance with the various mechanisms of the sexual selection hypothesis. I found that external genital traits express varying amounts of variability. However, both external and internal genitalia consistently show small variation in size so that large individuals have disproportionately small genitalia and vice versa. This finding is consistent with the lock-and-key theory, but also with the cryptic female choice hypothesis. In conclusion, the results suggest that sexual selection plays a major role in genital diversification, but the exact mechanism remained unclear in this study. Some structures in moth genitalia strongly suggest that sexual conflict is present as well. It is possible that several mechanisms of sexual selection are in action simultaneously. dings have implications to insect taxonomy. Genital characters, although often useful, should not be considered superior to other characters because they may vary considerably within species. I have shown that subjective visual evaluation of genital characteristics and a priori assumption of their low variability may easily lead to unsound taxonomic conclusions. Sophisticated morphometric tools are very useful and objective in delimiting sibling species. Geometric morphometrics is particularly useful since it helps to evaluate limits of variation. There are, however, no theoretical grounds to assume that genitalia are not subject to intraspecific geographic variation. Such variation was detected in this study as well. Geographic relationships should therefore be taken into consideration more frequently when delimiting populations into different species.

A park lock is a mechanism used to prevent unintentional movement of the vehicle. A failure in the proper function of this mechanism can lead to the safety concerns of an automobile. The main focus of this thesis is to understand the reason behind the failure of the park lock mechanism by FEM analysis in ANSA. For this, temperature build up during the park lock engagement has been studied in a dynamic explicit analysis. The FE results are compared to results from experiments on park lock. The modelling has been done in ANSA, ABAQUS was used as a solver for simulation and the results have been studied in META. The results indicate that there is a rise in the temperature. This is due to the friction between the contact surfaces and the oscillations generated in the vehicle. Based on the observations, discussions and conclusions are formulated and the research questions are answered.

This work defines religion market as a network industry when at a certain level of switching costs can lead in individual's locking up in the current group and thus prevent his conversion. First, the participating individual's utility function is defined. It is largely influenced by the probability which the individual attaches to the existence of God and afterlife. The study shows, that at sufficiently high level of social capital, it is advantageous to participate for rationally minded individuals although they are not believers. The empirical part demonstrates the effect of specific religious and social capitals on individual's decision to convert through the logit model. This influence is positive, compared to original expectations (i.e. the higher the social and specific capital, the higher the tendency to convert). It can confirm the thesis that the influence of these individual's growth of specific capital is causing higher demand for more strict organizations which eliminate free-riders and provide higher social capital.

A utilização de enxertos ósseos vem aumentando bastante em pequenos animais, entretanto, em aves esta utilização é menor devido à dificuldade de conseguir autoenxerto em quantidades adequadas. Sendo assim, o objetivo do projeto foi avaliar três tipos de enxertos em aves. Foram utilizadas 30 galinhas separadas em três grupos: grupo aloenxerto congelado em ultrafreezer (GUF) por duas semanas; grupo aloenxerto congelado em nitrogênio líquido (GNL) e grupo enxerto sintético de hidroxiapatita deficiente em cálcio (GHA). Os enxertos foram aplicados em defeito ósseo de aproximadamente 20mm na ulna das aves e fixados ao leito receptor com uma placa e quatro parafusos bloqueados. Os animais foram acompanhados por meio de avaliação clínica, radiográfica, histológica e biomecânica. A consolidação radiográfica ocorreu em 90% nos animais do GNL, 70% nos do GUF e 60% nos do GHA, com média de 47,14±13,50 dias no GUF, 61,67±21,79 dias no GNL e aos 70±18,17 dias no GHA, havendo diferença significativa entre o GUF e GHA. Histologicamente os enxertos do GUF apresentavam-se em processo de consolidação mais avançada, com remodelação óssea e a presença de osteoclastos. Na avaliação clínica todas as ulnas operadas tinham estabilidade, sem sinal de inflamação/contaminação, articulações preservadas, sem dor e sem desvios angulares graves na asa. Na análise biomecânica houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre o GNL e o GHA na resistência, já na avaliação de flexão máxima, observou-se diferença estatística entre o GHA e o GNL e entre o GHA e o GUF. Sendo assim, é possível concluir que os três enxertos testados podem ser utilizados em defeitos ósseos em aves, mas o melhor deles foi o GNL por apresentar mais vantagens na preparação, confecção, aplicação dos enxertos e resistência biomecânica, com maior taxa de consolidação óssea. / The use of bone grafts is increasing considerably in small animals, however, in poultry this use is less due to the difficulty of obtaining autograft in adequate quantities. Therefore, the objective of the project was to test three types of grafts, evaluating their best results over a period of 90 days. For this purpose, 30 chickens were divided into three groups: frozen ultra freezer allograft group (UFG) for two weeks; allograft frozen in liquid nitrogen group (LNG) and synthetic grafts of calcium deficient hydroxyapatite group (HAG). Grafts were applied to a bone defect of approximately 20 mm in the ulna of birds, in all three groups the grafts were fixed to the recipient bed with plates blocked and 4 screws locked. The animals were followed up by serial radiographs, histological examination, clinical orthopedic evaluation and biomechanical flexion assay. Radiographic consolidation occurred in 90% of the LNG, 70% in the GUF and 60% in the GHA, mean of 47.14 ± 13.50 days without UFG, 61.67 ± 21.79 days non LNG and at 70 ± 18.17 days without HAG, with a significant difference between UFG and HAG. Histologically, UFG grafts were in a more advanced consolidation process, presenting bone remodeling with a presence of osteoclasts In the clinical review, all of them were operated with stability, with no sign of inflammation / contamination, preserved joints, no pain and no angular deviations, graves in the nail. In the biomechanics, there was a significant difference (p <0.05) between LNG and HAG in the resistance, already in the evaluation of maximum flexion, it was observed statistical difference not HAG with LNG and HAG with UFG grafts. Thus, it is possible to conclude that the three grafts tested are feasible to be used in bone loss in birds, where the LNG was superior because it presented more advantages in the preparation, preparation and application of the grafts, presenting a higher rate of bone consolidation.

付記する学位プログラム名: 京都大学卓越大学院プログラム「先端光・電子デバイス創成学」 / 京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第23205号 / 工博第4849号 / 新制||工||1757(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科電気工学専攻 / (主査)教授 小林 哲生, 教授 松尾 哲司, 特定教授 中村 武恒 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM