本研究是以國小補校教師為研究對象，旨在探討國小補校教師內外控信念、角色知覺與教學型態等相關情形，期能根據研究結果，研擬具體可行的建議，以供改進教學及辦理國小補校師資培訓、甄選、評鑑及設計相關師資培育課程之參考。 研究的進行，首先，自有關的文獻及相關研究的探討著手，分析教學型態的意義、分類與內涵，以及內外控信念、角色知覺等變項之意涵、評量工具與相關實證研究，進而再就內外控信念、角色知覺與教學型態關係的相關研究進行探討，以為本研究的理論基礎。其次，設計及選用適當的量表為工具，包括內外控量表、角色知覺量表與教學型態量表等分量表組成「國小補校教學經驗量表」。經抽取擔任八十八學年度國小補校教師800人為對象實施調查，實際有效樣本為557人，並將調查所得資料加以統計、分析和討論之後，獲致結論如下： 一、國小補校教師內外控信念傾向，以本研究受試的教師來看，內控信念傾向者居多。 二、國小補校教師對自身擔任成人基本教育教師的角色知覺程度上，「較明確」者略多於「較不明確」者。 三、國小補校教師教學型態以偏向「學習者中心型」教學取向者略多於「教師中心型」教學取向者。 四、在國小補校教師的人口變項中，以「年齡」、「任教年資」、「補校任教年資」及「有無參加補校教師或成人教學研習」等四項因素，會影響國小補校教師越趨向「學習者中心」型的教師型態。 五、國小補校教師內外控信念傾向不同者，會採用不同教學型態；亦即愈具內控信念傾向者，較會評估學生需求，考慮相關經驗，以及注重個別化教學。 六、國小補校教師「角色知覺」與「教學型態」兩者之間有密切相關。亦即角色知覺愈明確者，愈會傾向「學習者中心」型的教學型態：反之，角色知覺愈不明確者，愈會傾向「教師中心」型的教學型態。 七、對國小補校教師教學型態的影響因素中以「角色知覺」的預測與解釋力最大。 依據研究結論，對國小補校教師、辦理成人基本教育之國小補校、國小補校教師進修教育機構及未來研究提出建議，以供改進教學及培訓國小補校師資之參考。

This study aimed at determining the prevalence rate of bullying and victimization among middle school students and investigating the role of locus of control, self-esteem, parenting style, loneliness, and academic achievement in predicting participation in bullying and victimization. The sample consisted of 742 participants recruited from 6th, 7th, and 8th grades. Results revealed that of the total 742 students: 4.6 % of the students were bullies, 21.3 % were victims, 6.5 % were bully/victims, 44.7% were pure not involved and 22.9 % were not involved. Regarding the types of bullying, the most common bullying behavior used by the bullies and experienced by the victims was verbal bullying. When gender and grade level were investigated in relation to bullying, meaningful gender differences were found. However, no significant grade level differences were found. The binary logistic regression analysis indicated that / female students who involved in bullying had low acceptance/involvement and academic achievement scores, but higher loneliness and psychological autonomy scores. Furthermore, male involved students had external locus of control, higher self-esteem, and loneliness scores, and lower strictness/supervision scores. Logistic regression analysis also revealed external locus of control and higher loneliness scores / but lower acceptance/involvement and academic achievement scores among the victim group.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the moderator role of different types of social support (perceived vs. received) on the relationship between stress and health outcomes (depression, anxiety, and physical health) among the Turkish freshmen university students (with internal vs. external locus of control). In order to measure received social support, The Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors (ISSB) (Barrera, Sandler, &amp / Ramsay, 1981), was adapted into Turkish culture in Study 1 by using Middle East Technical University (METU) students from various departments. The sample of Study 2 consisted of 224 METU freshman students from several departments. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses were conducted with perceived/received social support and stress (frequency, intensity, general) as independent variables and depression, anxiety, and general physical health problems as dependent variables for internal locus of control and external locus of control students separately. The findings suggested that for both internals and externals, stress intensity, stress frequency, and general stress predicted depression, anxiety, and general physical health problems for both perceived and received social support. Different patterns of relationships were found among perceived/received social support, stress (frequency, intensity, general), and the outcome variables (depression, anxiety, general physical health problems) for internal locus of control and external locus of control students. The findings and strengths as well as the limitations of the study were discussed.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between parental acceptance-rejection/control, personality constructs and symptoms of psychopathology. In this regard, 801 university students (440 females and 361 males) between the ages of 18 and 47 (M = 21.85, SD = 2.59) participated in the present study. The data of the study were collected by a package of questionnaires consisting of Demographic Information Sheet, Mother Form of Parental Acceptance-Rejection/ Control Questionnaire, Father Form of Parental Acceptance-Rejection/ Control Questionnaire, Basic Personality Traits Inventory, Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Locus of Control Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Trait form of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory and Trait form of the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory, respectively. Prior to main analyses, factor structure of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale was investigated in a university student sample. Similar to the original formulation and theoretical background, a six-factor solution was utilized including concern over mistakes, doubts about actions, personal standards, organization parental criticism and parental expectations factors. Later on, various MANOVAs were conducted to examine the influence of demographic variables on the measures of the study. Accordingly, socio-economic level and gender were indentified to have influence on parental behaviors, personality constructs and trait anxiety. Afterwards, two sets of hierarchical analyses were conducted to examine the paths between personality constructs and symptoms of psychopathology. As expected, negative parental behaviors predicted maladaptive personality constructs and symptoms of psychopathology. Furthermore, multiple regression analyses were conducted to test the mediator role of perfectionism on the relationship between parental rejection/control and symptoms of psychopathology. Accordingly, perfectionism was identified as a mediator on the relationship between both maternal and paternal rejection and symptoms of psychopathology. On the other hand, in terms of parental control, only the relationship between paternal control and trait anger was mediated by the perfectionism. Later on, results of the current study were discussed within the related literature findings. Finally, clinical implications and suggestions for future research were stated.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship of posttraumatic growth with basic personality traits and locus of control, and the mediator role of coping strategies in these relationships. One hundred and fourteen women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy/radiotherapy treatment or come to the hospital for their post-operational follow-up appointments were recruited. Seventy two mediation models were performed for posttraumatic growth and its factors as dependent variables. The independent variables were basic personality traits (extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience, and negative valence) and locus of control. The mediators were coping strategies that is problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and seeking social support (indirect coping). The results suggested that problem-focused coping was a significant mediator in PTG&mdash / some basic personality traits (extraversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, agreeableness) and PTG&mdash / external locus of control relationships. Moreover, emotion-focused coping was a significant mediator in the relationship of PTG with some personality traits (conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness to experience) and external locus of control. Seeking social support did also mediate PTG&mdash / external locus of control relationship. The implications of the findings, and the strengths and limitations of the study were also discussed in the light of the literature.

Today, computers and communications have changed the relationship among firms, the structure of some existing companies, the advancement of information technology (IT), and increased competition among enterprises. IT plays an important role in enterprise. IT Managers face global competition, and therefore, must be prepared to respond to abrupt changes. They need to ensure their capabilities and resources are sufficient to cope with the environmental challenges that arise. Therefore, this research will concentrate on investigating the relationships among empowerment, leadership style, personality of IT manager and IT department performance. The moderating effects of organizational culture and organizational structure on the relationship between IT manager characteristics and IT department performance are also considered in the study. The result shows four major findings. First, empowerment of IT manager has a significant positive effect on IT department performance. Second, the presence of a transformational leadership style of IT manager has positive effects on IT department performance. Third, IT managers classified as Internal LOC have significantly higher departmental performance than IT managers classified as External LOC. Finally, organizational culture and organizational structure were shown to have no moderating effect between empowerment of IT manager and IT department performance. The findings of this research can serve as a reference for organizations to improve selection of managers with potential for improving department performance.

Title from PDF of title page. / Document formatted into pages; contains 100 pages. / Thesis (M.A.)--University of South Florida, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. / Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format. / ABSTRACT: This study investigates whether the social facilitation effect takes place when a person performs a computerized task that includes an animated intelligent agent (IA). The moderating effects of two individual differences, locus of control (LOC) and microcomputer playfulness (MCP), are tested for. It was proposed that an IA's presence would cause participants to exhibit this effect and that LOC and MCP would moderate a participant's arousal, measured as state anxiety, such that those possessing an internal LOC and those exhibiting high MCP would experience less arousal when performing computerized tasks with an IA present. Data was analyzed using a 2 (task difficulty) x 4 (intelligent agent) repeated measures MANCOVA. Most hypotheses are not supported, however MCP does appear to moderate arousal depending on the behavior of the IA. / System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

The purpose of this study was to identify and examine the role of dispositional characteristics in effective mentoring relationships. A learning and development framework was incorporated to examine the relationships of protégé and mentor characteristics, mentoring provided, and developmental mentoring outcomes. First, relationships between individual characteristics and mentoring provided were examined. Second, relationships between individual characteristics and partner developmental outcomes were examined. Third, mentoring provided was examined as a mediator of individual characteristics and partner developmental outcomes. The final sample consisted of 93 protégé-mentor pairs. Protégés and mentors were asked to complete an online survey measuring learning goal orientation, locus of control, self-efficacy for development, mentoring received/mentoring provided, and multiple assessments of relationship effectiveness. In general, the hypotheses were not supported, but supplemental analyses provided support for the importance of examining individual characteristics. Key findings contribute to the mentoring literature by illustrating the role of learning goal orientation and self-efficacy for development in effective mentoring relationships. Future research should investigate additional underlying mechanisms that further explain the mentorship learning exchange processes.

Changes in South Africa's political and economic sphere demand the democratisation of the workplace, participation and empowerment of the work force. Flatter hierarchical structures, as a result of downsizing, enhance involvement but also demand that workers function in a more autonomous manner. The use of self-managing work teams has increased in response to these competitive challenges. Self-managing work teams are groups of employees who are fully responsible for a well-defined segment of finished work that delivers a product or a service to an internal or external customer. The functioning of self-managing work teams, in terms of the systems model, can be described as certain inputs that help the team to perform certain tasks and follow processes in order to achieve certain outputs. Inputs include the motivation, skills and personality factors of team members, while the tasks and processes refer to problem solving, conflict resolution, communication and decision making, planning, quality control, dividing of tasks, training and performance appraisal. These inputs and processes lead to outputs such as efficiency, productivity and quality of work life. To date empirical studies regarding self-managing work teams in South Africa focused on the readiness of organisations for implementing these teams. Little research has been done on characteristics of successful self-managed work group members. Findings regarding members of self-managing work teams elsewhere in the world couldn't uncritically be applied to South Africa, because of widely different circumstances. Research on dispositional factors such as sense of coherence, self-efficacy, locus of control and the big five personality dimensions could therefore help to identify predictors of effectiveness that can be validated in consecutive studies for selection purposes in a self-managing work team context in South Africa. The objective of the research was therefore to determine the relationship between dispositional characteristics of members of a self-managing work team and the effectiveness and quality of work life of these members. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The sample included members of self-managing work teams (N = 102) from a large chemical organisation and a financial institution in South Africa. The Orientation to Life Questionnaire, a Self-efficacy Scale, the Locus of Control Questionnaire and Personality Characteristics Inventory were used to measure the dispositional variables. Quality of work life (measured as consisting of satisfaction, commitment to the organisation and commitment to the team) and self-rated team member effectiveness were used as dependent variables. Descriptive statistics, Pearson and Spearman correlations, canonical correlations and structural equation modelling were used to analyse the data and investigate the relationships between the various dispositional characteristics quality of work life and effectiveness of the team members. The results showed practically significant positive relationships between sense of coherence, self-efficacy, autonomy, external locus of control and internal locus of control on the one hand, and quality of work life and effectiveness of the team members of self-managing work teams on the other hand. Of the big five personality dimensions only openness was associated with commitment to the team in terms of the quality of work life. Stability, extraversion and openness were associated with the self-rated effectiveness of the team members of self-managing work teams. The structural equation modelling showed that there is a positive path from the dispositional characteristics to the satisfaction, commitment and self-rated effectiveness of the team members. The dispositional characteristics will also enhance the members' experience of role clarity and mediate the effects of job-induced tension on the members' self-rated effectiveness. Satisfaction of the team members moderate the relationship between the dispositional characteristics and commitment, as well as mediate the effects of job-induced tension on the commitment of the team members. Organisations implementing self-managing work teams can benefit from developing and enhancing these dispositional characteristics in their selected team members and could also validate these dispositional characteristics in terms of selection criteria for self-managing work team members. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Employees in the Occupational Risk Division (ORD) of a large petrochemical company experience many difficult situations on a regular basis. This division of the company comprises the emergency services, the security and the occupational health divisions of the company. Even though every precaution is taken to ensure the safety of employees in the company, accidents and incidents do happen. The employees of the ORD are confronted with gruesome accidents, dangerous accident scenes where they have to enter when everyone else is evacuated, and security breeches where they may have to enter and resolve serious conflict situations. The possibility that their work climate may contributed to their mental health status is suggested. It is suspected that the stress of the job affects the mental health of the employees of the OCD, and ways need to be found to reduce these effects. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between core self-evaluations, role overload, powerlessness and health indicators of employees in the ORD of a large petro-chemical company and to determine whether core self-evaluations act as a moderator in the relationship between role overload and powerlessness on the one hand and health indicators on the other hand. A cross-sectional design was used. The sample consisted of 299 employees from the Occupational Risk Division of the organization. Age, gender and level of education were included as control variables. A comprehensive survey containing the measuring instruments was administrated. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Results obtained indicated that some of the scales were not reliable. Powerlessness was dropped from the analysis and qualitative and quantitative role overload were collapsed into a total overload measure. The results showed that a negative relationship exists between role overload and core self-evaluations. A positive relationship exists between role overload and neuroticism, poor health and depression. Self-esteem, self-efficacy and locus of control are negatively related to neuroticism and health, and neuroticism is positively related to poor health. Depression was predicted by experiences of overload, levels of self-efficacy, locus of control and negative affect (Neuroticism). General health was predicted by experiences of overload, locus of control, neuroticism and the interaction between overload and self-esteem. None of the scales predict medication use to a significant degree. Results further indicated that only self-esteem acts as a moderator in the relationship between role overload and general health, but none of the variables of core self-evaluations act as a moderator between role overload and depression or between role overload and the use of medication. By way of conclusion, recommendations for future research were made. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.