The first part of this thesis deals with the basic division of magnetic circuits and materials which are used for their construction. The next section focuses on the description of losses in the magnetic circuit. There is a description of hysteresis losses and eddy losses. The chapter contains the theoretical basis for the mathematical description of hysteresis and eddy losses. There is an analysis of the losses caused by the first harmonious and additional losses caused by harmonics. The third part describes the measurement of losses in ferromagnetic materials. There are all methods that are used. The fourth and fifth chapter is devoted to practical measurement hysteresis losses 1. phase transformer and measuring eddy losses in the inductor using the pulse method.

This diploma thesis is about analysis of post-tensioned cantilever beam, which is part of cantilever of commercial building. The main part of thesis is evaluation of behavior of building structure in time and determination of the most suitable staging. Next part of thesis is design and evaluation of reinforced slab and beam.

With the world economy becoming unpredictable, it has become a necessity for businesses to relook at the way they do business. The world has become competitive and companies that aim to become profitable have seen the need to find ways to improve efficiencies and increase productivity to stay relevant. There has been an adoption of strategies that are aimed at improving the efficiencies in companies such as Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). The strategy is aimed at improving equipment efficiencies and increase productivity through the transfer of certain skills from maintenance personnel to operators. The aim is that the operators perform some of the activities that the maintenance people used to do and they do the more complex tasks. By transferring these skills to operators there is constant cleaning, inspections and lubricating of equipment. This frees up time for maintenance people to do planning and other jobs that require time and higher skills levels. The implementation of these activities allows companies to tap into unused capacity that was always hidden by breakdowns and unplanned stops. The process however requires commitment from management and all stakeholders involved in the organisation. There are prescribed implementation processes that can be followed or companies can follow their own processes but the fundamentals of involving people from the onset must be followed. The involvement of stakeholders creates commitment at all levels and in order to sustain this initiative people must be committed to it. The inclusion of the activities transferred from maintenance people to operators, will reinforce the knowledge and habits required from operators and perhaps sustain the initiative. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

With the world economy becoming unpredictable, it has become a necessity for businesses to relook at the way they do business. The world has become competitive and companies that aim to become profitable have seen the need to find ways to improve efficiencies and increase productivity to stay relevant. There has been an adoption of strategies that are aimed at improving the efficiencies in companies such as Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). The strategy is aimed at improving equipment efficiencies and increase productivity through the transfer of certain skills from maintenance personnel to operators. The aim is that the operators perform some of the activities that the maintenance people used to do and they do the more complex tasks. By transferring these skills to operators there is constant cleaning, inspections and lubricating of equipment. This frees up time for maintenance people to do planning and other jobs that require time and higher skills levels. The implementation of these activities allows companies to tap into unused capacity that was always hidden by breakdowns and unplanned stops. The process however requires commitment from management and all stakeholders involved in the organisation. There are prescribed implementation processes that can be followed or companies can follow their own processes but the fundamentals of involving people from the onset must be followed. The involvement of stakeholders creates commitment at all levels and in order to sustain this initiative people must be committed to it. The inclusion of the activities transferred from maintenance people to operators, will reinforce the knowledge and habits required from operators and perhaps sustain the initiative. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

A redução das perdas é de grande importância para estabilizar a oferta de alimentos ao longo da cadeia de suprimentos e fortalecer a segurança alimentar. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi realizar um diagnóstico detalhado sobre as perdas que ocorrem nas diversas atividades logísticas de soja e milho no Brasil, envolvendo a quantificação das perdas físicas, econômicas e ambientais acumuladas na cadeia de suprimentos de tais grãos e a identificação de estratégias e políticas públicas para mitiga-las, através da modelagem de programação matemática. Além disso, foi possível estruturar uma função de perdas na agrologística de grãos a partir de quatro variáveis: tipo de armazenagem, qualidade das vias rodoviárias, modalidade de transporte e canal de comercialização. As perdas totais na cadeia de suprimentos de soja e milho no ano de 2015 no Brasil atingiram o patamar de 2,381 milhões de toneladas, ou seja, algo em torno de 1,303% da produção, incorrendo em perdas econômicas decorrentes do custo de oportunidade com vendas perdidas e de gastos logísticos desnecessários na ordem de R$ 2,04 bilhões (US$ 610,78 milhões). Os cenários avaliados demonstram que a ampliação no uso da armazenagem dentro da fazenda, melhoria nas condições das rodovias brasileiras e das estradas que conectam as fazendas aos armazéns apresentam grande potencial para mitigação das perdas. Apesar da perda relativa de uma atividade logística assumir valor decimal, a perda acumulada ao longo da cadeia de suprimentos assume um valor global bastante considerável. Esse retrato enfatiza a necessidade de conscientização sobre as perdas visando fomentar políticas públicas e gestões eficientes para mitiga-las, dado as externalidades econômicas, ambientais e sociais geradas. / Reducing losses is of great importance in stabilizing the supply of food throughout the supply chain and strengthening food security. The general objective of this research was to perform a detailed diagnosis of the losses that occur in the many logistic activities of soybeans and maize in Brazil, involving the quantification of accumulated physical, economic and environmental losses in the supply chain of such grains and the identification of strategies and public policies to mitigate such losses through mathematical programming modeling. Besides, it was possible to structure a loss function of grains\' agrologistics in terms of four variables: type of storage, quality of roads, modality of transportation and marketing channel. Total losses in the soy and maize supply chain in 2015 in Brazil reached up to 2.381 million tons, or about 1.303% of production, incurring economic reductions due to the cost of loss (reduced sales and unnecessary logistical expenses for the handling of losses) in the order of R$ 2.04 billion (US$ 610.78 million). The evaluated scenarios show that the increase in the use of on-farm storage, the improvement in the conditions of the Brazilian highways and roads that connect the farms to the external warehouses present great potential to mitigate the losses. In spite the relative loss of a logistic activity takes on decimal value, the cumulative loss along the supply chain assumes a fairly considerable overall value. This reality emphasizes the need to raise awareness about losses in order to foster public policies and efficient management to mitigate them, given the created economic, environmental and social externalities.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-08-21T12:25:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DANIEL AUGUSTO ALEGRE DOS SANTOS.pdf: 2621934 bytes, checksum: f845397842a3d2b21eac8fd7b63f42b6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T12:25:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DANIEL AUGUSTO ALEGRE DOS SANTOS.pdf: 2621934 bytes, checksum: f845397842a3d2b21eac8fd7b63f42b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-06 / As a natural resource closely linked to the well-being, comfort and primary need for life, the issue of urban water distribution has been treated with neglect by the appropriate managerial sectors, this proves year by year resulting in the indicators provided by the National Information System on Sanitation (SNIS), an agency linked to the Cities Ministry, which collects data from the various service providers of water distribution management, sanitary sewage collection and transportation, and recently including rainwater management. Based on this database, and within the International Water Association (IWA) classification of physical losses, the historical evolution of water losses, the growth of the networks, and correlated with the municipal development index (FIRJAN) for the municipalities of the metropolitan regions of Campinas, Curitiba and Fortaleza. The results indicate that the growth of cities and regions is not proportionally related to the decrease of water losses. According to the graphical analysis, there is a common sense among the analyzed regions regarding the management of loss control, even though there was no significant decline in the indexes of physical losses of water, there was a fight against growth. In addition, the municipal development for these regions was explored, based on the FIRJAN index in order to verify the relationship between the performance in the fight against physical losses and the socioeconomic development of the regions. / Como recurso natural intimamente ligado ao bem-estar, conforto e necessidade primacial a vida, a quest?o da distribui??o urbana de ?gua vem sendo tratada com neglig?ncia pelos setores gerenciais, isso se comprova ano a ano resultando nos indicadores fornecidos pelo Sistema Nacional de Informa??es sobre Saneamento (SNIS), ?rg?o ligado ao Minist?rio das Cidades, que efetua a coleta de dados dos diversos prestadores de servi?o de gerenciamentos de distribui??o de ?gua, coleta e transporte de esgoto sanit?rio e recentemente incluso o manejo de ?guas pluviais. Com base nesse banco de dados, e dentro da ?tica de classifica??o de perdas f?sicas de ?gua da International Water Association (IWA), examinou-se neste trabalho a evolu??o hist?rica de perdas de ?gua, o crescimento das redes e correlacionou-se com o ?ndice de desenvolvimento municipal (FIRJAN) para os munic?pios das regi?es metropolitanas de Campinas, Curitiba e Fortaleza. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o crescimento das cidades e das regi?es n?o se relaciona proporcionalmente com o decrescimento de perdas de ?gua. De acordo com an?lise realizada observou-se similaridades entre as regi?es analisadas no que tange ao gerenciamento do controle de perdas; mesmo n?o havendo expressivo decl?nio nos ?ndices de perdas f?sicas de ?gua, houve o combate ao crescimento. Outrossim, explorou-se o desenvolvimento municipal para essas regi?es, com base no ?ndice FIRJAN a fim de se verificar a rela??o entre o desempenho no combate a perdas f?sicas e o desenvolvimento socioecon?mico das regi?es.

Oxygen gain is the difference in fuel cell performance operating on oxygen-depleted and oxygen-rich cathode fuel streams. Oxygen gain experiments provide insight into the degree of oxygen mass-transport resistance within a fuel cell. By taking these measurements under different operating conditions, or over time, one can determine how oxygen mass transport varies with operating modes and/or aging. This paper provides techniques to differentiate between mass-transport resistance within the catalyst layer and within the gas-diffusion medium for a polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel cell. Two extreme cases are treated in which all mass transfer limitations are located only (i) within the catalyst layer or (ii) outside the catalyst layer in the gas diffusion medium. These two limiting cases are treated using a relatively simple model of the cathode potential and common oxygen gain experimental techniques. This analysis demonstrates decisively different oxygen gain behavior for the two limiting cases. For catalyst layer mass transfer resistance alone, oxygen gain values are limited to a finite range of values. However, for gas diffusion layer mass transfer resistance alone, the oxygen gain is not confined to a finite range of values. This analysis is then extended to evaluate ionic effects within the catalyst layer. / text

Magistro darbe tiriama kiek medienos ruošos nuostolių lieka biržėse po medienos ruošos rangovo darbų pridavimo. Darbo objektas – VĮ Alytaus miškų urėdija. Darbo tikslas - įvertinti, išanalizuoti ir apibendrinti stiebų medienos nuostolius, kurie susidaro ruošos metu eglynų pagrindinių ir ugdomųjų kirtimų biržėse. Darbo metodai – mokslinės ir normatyvinės literatūros šaltinių analizė, leidinių analizės metodas, instrumentinis metodas, statistinė duomenų analizė, loginis analitinis metodas, Darbo rezultatai. Tyrime pateikiama medienos ruošos nuostolių įvertinimo analizė, kertant plynų pagrindinių ir ugdomųjų kirtimų biržes eglynuose. Iš viso tyrimui medienos ruošos nuostoliai buvo matuojami 21-oje biržėje. Iš jų 9-iose plynų pagrindinių kirtimų biržėse, 6-iose einamųjų ugdomųjų kirtimų biržėse ir 6-iose retinimų ugdomųjų kirtimų biržėse. Kertant plynais pagrindiniais kirtimais eglynus vidutiniškai sumatuotas atliekų tūris randamas vienoje biržėje siekia 2,4 % nuo ištrauktos likvidinės medienos kiekio. Kertant einamaisiais ugdomaisiais kirtimais eglynus vidutiniškas atliekų tūris iš vienos biržės siekia 1,7 % nuo ištrauktos likvidinės medienos kiekio. Kertant retinimo ugdomaisiais kirtimais eglynus vidutiniškas atliekų tūris iš vienos biržės siekia 2,2 % nuo ištrauktos likvidinės medienos kiekio.Kertant plynais pagrindiniais kirtimais, einamaisiais ugdomaisiais kirtimais ir retinimais ugdomaisiais kirtimais eglynus vidutiniškas atliekų tūris iš vienos biržės siekia 2,1 % nuo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In master thesis work we were doing research of timber losses in stands after contractor work. The object of research: Alytaus Forest Enterprice. Estimation methods: scientific and normative literary analysis, instrumental method, statistical data analysis, logical analytical method. Work results. We were doing estimation of timber losses during cuttings in spruce stands. Results of timber looses during cutting on 21 stands are estimated, in 9 clear cutting stands, in 6 last thinning stands and 6 before last thinning stands. After clear cuttings was found approximately 2,4 % timber losses in spruce stand. After last thinning was found approximately 1,7 % timber losses in spruce stand. After before last thinning was found approximately 2,2 % timber losses in spruce stand. An average looses in spruce stands on investigated site types and cutting methods are 2,1 % of merchantable timber.

Magistro darbe tiriama kiek medienos ruošos nuostolių lieka beržynų biržėse po medienos ruošos rangovo darbų pridavimo žiemos metu. Darbo objektas – Beržynų plynų ir einamųjų žiemą kirtimo biržių, stiebų medienos nuostoliai. Darbo tikslas - Įvertinti, išanalizuoti ir apibendrinti stiebų medienos nuostolius, kurie susidaro ruošos metu beržynų pagrindinių ir ugdomųjų kirtimų biržėse žiemos metu. Darbo metodai: 1. Tiriant miškų ūkio sistemą ir jos teisinio reglamentavimo ypatumus buvo naudojamas mokslinės ir normatyvinės literatūros šaltinių analizės metodas, leidinių analizės metodas. 2. Instrumentinio metodo pagalba, naudojant žergles ir juostą, turinčia 1 mm gradaciją, buvo atlikti stiebo atliekų vidurio skersmenų matavimai ir nustatytas tiriamojo barelio plotas. 3. Statistinės duomenų analizės metodas, naudojant MS OFFICE 2003 EXCEL ir Statistica V9 programas, pasitelktas susisteminti ir apipavidalinti tyrimo metu gautus rezultatus. 4. Loginis analitinis metodas Darbo rezultatai. Nuostoliai buvo skaičiuojami beržynų biržėse žiemos metu, kuriuose kirtimai buvo vykdomi L hidrotopo c trofotopo ir L hidrotopo d trofotopo augavietėse. Išviso duomenų buvo surinkta iš 21 biržių, kurias sudarė 13 plyno kirtimo biržės ir 8 einamojo kirtimo biržės. Paskaičiavus kirtimo atliekas absoliutiniais dydžiais gauname, kad L hidrotope d trofotope gaunamas didžiausias atliekų kiekis. Palyginus plynus ir einamuosius kirtimus matomi dideli skirtumai kirtimo nuostolių kiekyje. Didžiausias... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In master thesis work we were doing research of timber losses in stands after contractor work the winter. The object of the research: Birch bare and winter crossing of the current stock, stem the loss of timber. The aim of the research: Assess, analyze and summarize the stem wood loss that will occur during the logging main birch and educational cuttings in stands during the winter. Estimation methods: 1. Study forestry system and its peculiarities of legal regulation has been used in the scientific literature and normative analysis method, the method of analysis of publications. 2. Instrumental approach to aid, and the calipers are using a bar having a 1 mm graduation, it was a mid-stem diameter measurements of the waste and the test plot. 3. Statistical data analysis method, using MS Office 2003 Excel and Statistica v9 programs invoked to structure and finishes the test results. 4. Logical analytical approach Work results. Losses were calculated in birch stands during the winter, where cuttings were made hidrotope L c and L trofotope hidrotope on trofotope sites. Total flue were collected from 21 stock markets, which accounted for 13 clear-cut stock and 8, rolling stock crossing. Calculated the absolute value of cutting the waste we get that L d hidrotope trofotope obtain the maximum amount of waste. The comparison of the current felling smooth and seen significant differences in cooking loss harvesting. The biggest loss of 10.82 points m3/ha recorded in mixed birch... [to full text]

Baigiamajame darbe yra išnagrinėti dažniausiai pasaulyje naudojami eismo įvykių sukeltos ekonominės žalos vertinimo metodai, aprašytos žmogaus gyvybės vertinimo metodikos, pateiktos skirtingose šalyse apskaičiuotos eismo įvykio sukeltos ekonominės žalos reikšmės. Naudojant dvi skirtingas eismo įvykio sukeltos žalos vertinimo metodikas bei naudojant 2009 metų statistinius duomenis apskaičiuotos tais metais Lietuvoje eismo įvykių padarytos ekonominės žalos reikšmės. Yra apskaičiuotos vieno eismo įvykio vidutinė žalos reikšmė bei visų eismo įvykių, kuriuose žuvo arba nukentėjo žmonės žalos reikšmės. Darbo pabaigoje yra padarytos išvados dėl išnagrinėtų metodikų tinkamumo Lietuvai bei pateikti pasiūlymai kur šios metodikos galėtų būti panaudotos. / In the graduation dissertation methods, that are the most frequently used over the world, for estimating road accident economic losses are overviewed, methods for evaluation of human life are described and also there are given road accident economic losses monetary values in different countries. Using two different methods for an economic evaluation of road accident losses and using 2009 statistics monetary values of economic losses, which occurred during that year because of road accidents, were calculated. An average cost of a single road accident and also the cost of all road accidents, where people were killed or injured, were calculated. In the end of the dissertation conclusions are made about the suitability of the researched methods for Lithuania and also there are given proposals where these methods could be applied.