Esta tese tem por objetivo analisar a articulação entre riso e história em três textos de gêneros distintos, produzidos na última década do século XX a saber: o romance Avante, soldados: para trás, de Deonísio da Silva; o longa metragem Carlota Joaquina: princesa do Brazil, de Carla Camurati; a minissérie Caramuru: a invenção do Brasil, de Guel Arraes. As três obras apresentam pano de fundo histórico, abordando diferentes episódios da História do Brasil. O primeiro narra o percurso de uma tropa brasileira em um importante momento da Guerra do Paraguai; o segundo relata a história de Carlota Joaquina, esposa de D. João VI e a vinda da coroa portuguesa para o Brasil no início do século XIX e o terceiro conta sobre a união de um português, Diogo Álvares, com uma índia tupinambá, Paraguaçu, na primeira década do século XVI. As produções culturais mencionadas serão analisadas com base na teoria semiótica da cultura de Lotman e na teoria da carnavalização de Bakhtin. Este último fornece os elementos para que se compreendam as formas de riso e riso reduzido que se apresentam nas obras. / This thesis has the aim to analyse the link between History and laughter in three texts which belong to different genre and were produced in the last decade of the twentieth century. The three works are: the novel Avante, soldados: para trás, by Deonísio da Silva; the film Carlota Joaquina: princesa do Brazil, by Carla Camurati; and the tv series Caramuru: a invenção do Brasil, by Guel Arraes. They all present a historical background based on different episodes of the Brazilian History. The first narrates the course of events involving a Brazilian troop in a very important moment of Paraguay\'s War; the second tells the story of Carlota Joaquina, D. João VI\'s wife, and reports the transference of the Portuguese court to Brazil in the beginning of the nineteenth century; and the third talks about the union of a castaway Portuguese , Diogo Álvares, and a tupinambá native inhabitant in the first years after the conquest. All the cultural productions will be analysed based on Lotman\'s Semiotic Theory of Culture and on Bakhtin\'s Carnavalization Theory. The latter provides the elements to understand the forms of laughter and reduced laughter which appear in the texts studied.

Esta tese tem por objetivo analisar a articulação entre riso e história em três textos de gêneros distintos, produzidos na última década do século XX a saber: o romance Avante, soldados: para trás, de Deonísio da Silva; o longa metragem Carlota Joaquina: princesa do Brazil, de Carla Camurati; a minissérie Caramuru: a invenção do Brasil, de Guel Arraes. As três obras apresentam pano de fundo histórico, abordando diferentes episódios da História do Brasil. O primeiro narra o percurso de uma tropa brasileira em um importante momento da Guerra do Paraguai; o segundo relata a história de Carlota Joaquina, esposa de D. João VI e a vinda da coroa portuguesa para o Brasil no início do século XIX e o terceiro conta sobre a união de um português, Diogo Álvares, com uma índia tupinambá, Paraguaçu, na primeira década do século XVI. As produções culturais mencionadas serão analisadas com base na teoria semiótica da cultura de Lotman e na teoria da carnavalização de Bakhtin. Este último fornece os elementos para que se compreendam as formas de riso e riso reduzido que se apresentam nas obras. / This thesis has the aim to analyse the link between History and laughter in three texts which belong to different genre and were produced in the last decade of the twentieth century. The three works are: the novel Avante, soldados: para trás, by Deonísio da Silva; the film Carlota Joaquina: princesa do Brazil, by Carla Camurati; and the tv series Caramuru: a invenção do Brasil, by Guel Arraes. They all present a historical background based on different episodes of the Brazilian History. The first narrates the course of events involving a Brazilian troop in a very important moment of Paraguay\'s War; the second tells the story of Carlota Joaquina, D. João VI\'s wife, and reports the transference of the Portuguese court to Brazil in the beginning of the nineteenth century; and the third talks about the union of a castaway Portuguese , Diogo Álvares, and a tupinambá native inhabitant in the first years after the conquest. All the cultural productions will be analysed based on Lotman\'s Semiotic Theory of Culture and on Bakhtin\'s Carnavalization Theory. The latter provides the elements to understand the forms of laughter and reduced laughter which appear in the texts studied.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2008.

An analysis of expression- and content-oriented passages of the Torah: Texts of the Torah in the semiotic perspective of Charles S. Peirce, Yuri Lotman and Umberto Eco The aim of the presented thesis is to introduce the basic semiotic concepts of Charles Sanders Peirce, Yuri M. Lotman and Umberto Eco. These ideas should be beneficial for the interpretation of the Bible in the Czech republic and Slovakia: particularly in the Old Testament area. The thesis also proposes a new classification of the Torah's texts, and so identify, which functions could be subserved by the particular text. Finally, we intend to draft a new, slightly different model of exegesis, which could help us find new interesting interpretations of the Old Testament texts. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The word poshlost’ denotes the concepts of banality, vulgarity or phlistinism, and has been an intellectual and cultural obsession since the second half of the nineteenth century, lasting well into the twentieth century. Russian author Vladimir Nabokov attempted to familiarize English-speaking readers with the notion of poshlost’ in his book Nikolai Gogol (1944); it is hard to find any English-language exposition of the term that does not cite Nabokov’s vigorous elaboration of it. Moreover, it is arguably a convention in scholarship to acknowledge the relationship between poshlost’ and Nabokov’s uncompromising moral and aesthetic values. Poshlost’ has often been discussed as a theme in Nabokov’s fiction, and its bearing on Nabokov’s role as a cultural critic has often been assessed, but there are few studies that examine how the concept influences the overall composition and interpretation of his fiction. This thesis examines how poshlost’ functions as a literary device in Nabokov’s final Russian-language novel Dar (1938), which tells the story of an émigré Russian writer living in Berlin in the 1920s. I look at poshlost’ from the perspective of the theories of aesthetic innovation advanced by semiotician and cultural theorist Iurii Lotman, and within this framework I link poshlost’ with the formation and re-formation of the protagonist’s, as well as the author’s, consciousness. I consider it a relational construct rather than simply an immanent feature of the text, as it would be considered in Russian Formalist approaches. Among the topics I focus on are individuation, self-modelling and autocommunication as facets of the process of personal and creative maturation. I argue that poshlost’ serves as a means of modelling Nabokov’s aesthetics as a textual feature and is a multisignifying and a multifaceted device whose overall artistic effect depends on the conditions under which it is employed.

Parliamentary talk, despite its central place in politics, has not been the focus of many qualitative studies. The present study investigates how parliamentary talk emerges in a dialogue between different arguments in the parliament. At the same time, this is a study of politics, of how human interaction gives birth to laws that regulate life in two contemporary democracies, Slovakia and Poland. It provides a close-reading of two political debates: on the state language in Slovakia and on gender parity in Poland. This study draws on hermeneutic and semiotic thinkers such as Gadamer, Bakhtin and Lotman to elaborate a dialogical understanding of language that can provide the basis for a method of textual analysis. The dialogical understanding of language emphasises that text and talk must be studied in the context of an interaction. The unit of analysis is a pair of utterances, a question and an answer. Until an utterance has been interpreted, it carries only the potential of meaning; its meaning is materialised by the responses it receives. The study further argues that conversation analysis and its tools can usefully be applied to the study of political debate. The method provides for the analysis of the dynamics between micro-scale interaction in the parliament and the macro-scale dynamics of culture. These dynamics assume two different forms that Lotman termed as “translation” and “explosion”. The study shows that parliamentary debate is characterised by a constantly evolving topic of discussion, namely that the meaning of the bill at the start of the debate and at the end of the debate are really two different bills. This is not because the content of the bill has undergone changes, but because in the course of the debate, the bill has generated new cultural connections. Casting a vote in support of the bill does not approve just the bill itself but a whole set of interconnected political, social and cultural values—what Lotman approached as the semiosphere. This study suggests Lotman’s cultural semiotics can provide for “imperfect hermeneutics” that is sensitive to the dynamic and contested nature of tradition in politics whilst acknowledging the inevitability of culture in mediating political talk.

The word poshlost’ denotes the concepts of banality, vulgarity or phlistinism, and has been an intellectual and cultural obsession since the second half of the nineteenth century, lasting well into the twentieth century. Russian author Vladimir Nabokov attempted to familiarize English-speaking readers with the notion of poshlost’ in his book Nikolai Gogol (1944); it is hard to find any English-language exposition of the term that does not cite Nabokov’s vigorous elaboration of it. Moreover, it is arguably a convention in scholarship to acknowledge the relationship between poshlost’ and Nabokov’s uncompromising moral and aesthetic values. Poshlost’ has often been discussed as a theme in Nabokov’s fiction, and its bearing on Nabokov’s role as a cultural critic has often been assessed, but there are few studies that examine how the concept influences the overall composition and interpretation of his fiction. This thesis examines how poshlost’ functions as a literary device in Nabokov’s final Russian-language novel Dar (1938), which tells the story of an émigré Russian writer living in Berlin in the 1920s. I look at poshlost’ from the perspective of the theories of aesthetic innovation advanced by semiotician and cultural theorist Iurii Lotman, and within this framework I link poshlost’ with the formation and re-formation of the protagonist’s, as well as the author’s, consciousness. I consider it a relational construct rather than simply an immanent feature of the text, as it would be considered in Russian Formalist approaches. Among the topics I focus on are individuation, self-modelling and autocommunication as facets of the process of personal and creative maturation. I argue that poshlost’ serves as a means of modelling Nabokov’s aesthetics as a textual feature and is a multisignifying and a multifaceted device whose overall artistic effect depends on the conditions under which it is employed.

This thesis focuses on the socio-cultural and anthropological aspects of Tibetan medicine in contemporary Russia and investigates how Tibetan medicine is practised, consumed and represented in two major Russian cities, Moscow and St Petersburg. It is the first case-study of such kind in the context of Russian culture, as the anthropological aspects of Tibetan medicine in contemporary Russia have not yet been the subject of a systematic research. Up till now, scholarly publications on Tibetan medicine in Russia have dealt either with the translation and textual analysis of ancient Tibetan medical treatises or with the history of the first appearance of Tibetan medicine in Buriatia, the traditionally Buddhist region of Russia, and St Petersburg / Petrograd, paying little attention to contemporary developments and, most importantly, ignoring how Tibetan practitioners and their patients are making sense of Tibetan medicine. Based on twenty four interviews with practitioners and consumers of Tibetan medicine in the two Russian capitals, my research fills in this lacuna by looking at personal experiences, perceptions and accounts of my interviewees and exploring how they adapt Tibetan medicine to their skills, beliefs and ideas. My approach to sources is informed by Iurii Lotman's theory of intercultural communication. Although this theory was developed by Lotman for the analyses of the processes of cultural reception of literary texts, it is also relevant, with some modifications, for the analysis of the process of reception of non-textual cultural forms. The analysis of data collected from interviews with doctors and patients and the textual analysis of media, cinematic and literary sources has revealed two dominant trends and representational techniques. The first trend amounts to representing Tibetan medicine as unique and exotic, while the second trend amounts to the conceiving of Tibetan medicine as Russia's indigenous tradition, a part of Russian history, which had been subverted and suppressed in the Soviet period, yet rediscovered post-1991. Thus, we see here a co-existence of the inter-cultural dialogue between Russian culture and an exotic 'other' and the intra-cultural dialogue with a recently rediscovered part of 'self'. Both trends, which, at first glance, might appear to stand in contradiction to each other, sometimes coexist within a single explanatory narrative. The thesis also focuses on inter-cultural interactions between doctors and patients. It is argued that these interactions take place in the context of a noteworthy sociological and cultural phenomenon that the thesis calls 'mutual counter-adaptation'. Mutual counter-adaptation is the key mechanism used, consciously or spontaneously, by Tibetan doctors and their patients in order to facilitate the process of understanding between the parties involved in an inter-cultural dialogue around Tibetan medicine. The thesis finally reveals how this mutual counter-adaption takes place within a wider Russian cultural and media environment which exploits a set of specific symbols and images in order to make Tibetan medicine comprehensible and attractive to the wider Russian public.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo traduzir para português brasileiro e fazer uma análise semiótica da novela Parque cultural (1983), do escritor russo Serguei Dovlátov. Além disso, pretendemos apresentar aos leitores e pesquisadores brasileiros os traços fundamentais da obra deste, que é um dos principais prosadores russos da segunda metade do séc. XX e um dos maiores representantes da Terceira Onda de emigração russa. Uma das especificidades do método artístico de Dovlátov consiste em uma forte vinculação de sua obra com fatos da cultura, literatura e história da Rússia e da União Soviética. Essa característica permite-nos analisar seus textos como textos de cultura, segundo a concepção semiótica de Iú. Lótman. Na novela Parque cultural, espelham-se tais fenômenos da cultura soviética, como o mito soviético do poeta Aleksándr Púchkin, considerado símbolo da cultura, a existência na União Soviética de duas culturas paralelas (a oficial e a não oficial), o fenômeno da massiva emigração dos anos 1970, entre outros. A tradução da novela Parque cultural (título em russo, Zapoviédnik) para o português do Brasil, com notas e comentários, constitui parte integrante deste trabalho. Praticamente toda a obra de Dovlátov é humorística, e a transmissão dos elementos de humor e marcas culturais, presentes no texto, foi um dos desafios dessa tradução. / This work is aimed at translating the novel Pushkin Hills by Sergei Dovlatov into Brazilian Portuguese (the title in Russian is Zapoviednik, and the title in Portuguese is Parque Cultural, 1983) and analyze this text from a semiotic point of view. We furthermore intend to present the basic features of Dovlatovs work, who is considered to be one of the leading Russian prose writers of the second half of the XX century and one of the greatest representatives of the Third Wave of Russian Emigration, to readers and Brazilian researchers. One of the features of Dovlatovs artistic methods lies in the close connection of his work with the culture, literature and history of Russia and the Soviet Union. This feature allows us to analyze his texts as cultural texts, according to Yuri Lotmans semiotic concept. The themes of the novel Pushkin Hills reflect such phenomena of Soviet culture as, among others, the \"Soviet\" myth of the poet Aleksandr Pushkin, who is considered to be a symbol of culture, the existence in the Soviet Union of two parallel cultures (official and unofficial), the massive emigration of the 1970s. The translation of the novel into Brazilian Portuguese, with notes and comments, is an integral part of this work. Almost all of Dovlatov\'s work is humorous, and conveying elements of humor and cultural references in the text was one of the challenges of this translation.

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