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Univ., Diss.--Bonn, 2003. / Literaturverz. S. 367 - 379.

Controversies invoking the concept of canonicity tend not merely to jump the gun - they assume that there is actually something to debate or discuss, that there are canons or canonical objects which can be deconstructed or preserved, analysed or appreciated. This thesis offers an approach to canonicity which rejects this assumption, but without abandoning the concept. It reconceives the basis of canonicity, through an analysis of the idea of incommensurability and of the hermeneutic or interpretive ideal of openness, by locating the concept and its applications within a semantics of interpretation and recovery which dismisses the very idea of shared structures of canonical meaning. In this way the approach follows Donald Davidson's well-known efforts to avoid a reification of linguistic meaning. The reconception of canonicity offered, however, owes perhaps more to the hermeneutic theories of Hans-Georg Gadamer and to Friedrich Nietzsche's conception of self-transformation. Drawing on all three philosophers it makes canonicity a function of the application of openness within certain kinds of incommensurable discourses, ones which are shaped by and reshape a subject's historical ground; in addition it suggests a resolution to a problem of openness and incommensurability which fundamentally reconceives both concepts.

Thèse (M.A.)--Université Laval, 2004. / Bibliogr.: f. 92-94. Publ. aussi en version électronique.

This doctoral thesis argues that Gadamer’s hermeneutical ontology is grounded in part in Plato’s ontology of ideas. In making this argument, this thesis will aim to substantiate the following claims on the basis of Gadamer’s sustained focus on the principles of his hermeneutical ontology and Plato’s ontology of ideas, and the hypothesis that the former has a substantial basis in the latter: one, that the hermeneutical object maintains both a unitary and multiple existence; two, that the unity and plurality of the hermeneutical object presuppose their speculative unity within a single, ontological framework; and three, that language functions as the medium between the unitary and multiple existences of the hermeneutical object following their logical separation. Overall, this thesis aims to make an original contribution to Gadamer studies and his views on language and hermeneutical experience by arguing that his understanding of the ontology of the hermeneutical phenomenon shares a common philosophical ground with Plato’s theory of ideas. This thesis begins, therefore, with the idea that the essential finitude of human knowledge necessitates that the conception of truth in Gadamer’s hermeneutics rests upon the principles of unity and multiplicity in order to be meaningful. From there, we illustrate that Gadamer locates these principles in Plato’s late ontology, and that in developing the central concepts of his hermeneutics he remains faithful to the Socratic turning toward the ideas. Plato clarifies for Gadamer how, in recognizing the internal limits of our knowledge, we efface ourselves in light of the unlimited scope of the ideas that constitute our understanding of the world, and necessitate that this understanding is shared and developed with others. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this dissertation has five chapters. Chapter one demonstrates that the hermeneutical object has both a unitary and multiple existence, and that the truth that hermeneutical reflection obtains must therefore attend to both the essential unity and multiplicity that belong to this object. Chapter two uncovers Gadamer’s approach to Plato’s theory of ideas, principally through his understanding of Plato’s participation thesis and the arithmos structure of the logos. Chapter three demonstrates that, because of its essential historicity, hermeneutical consciousness does not require a standard of objective certainty in order to validate its truth-claims extra-historically or extra-linguistically. It is shown, rather, that such standards are known historically and are therefore subject to change in light of our shared experiences of them. Chapter four elaborates Gadamer’s characterization of hermeneutical understanding as theoretical, i.e. as a mode of participation in the intelligible structures of reality that implies the practical activity of the participants. This chapter also examines the speculative structure of language that Gadamer applies to his hermeneutics, and how he uses this structure to situate the Platonic One and Many historically. Finally, chapter five further elaborates Gadamer’s identification of hermeneutics as a practical activity as a way to distinguish between authentic and inauthentic experience. In light of this distinction, this chapter demonstrates that authentic experience necessarily implies a justificatory demand toward others that secures solidarity and goodwill in social and political institutions.

Le présent travail a pour but d’élucider, sous le nom de « figures de la temporalité », les modalités du temps telles qu’elles se présentent dans l’herméneutique de Gadamer. Notre point de départ réside dans l’idée que la compréhension est événement, et qu’en elle quelque chose du passé vient « parler » au présent, par-delà toute distance temporelle. Liée à la structure événementielle de l’expérience du comprendre, la thématique du temps s’impose à chaque grand axe de la pensée gadamérienne, que ce soit l’ontologie de l’œuvre d’art, le rapport à la tradition ou la constitution langagière et dialogique de notre être-au-monde.Pour expliciter la participation du temps aux structures essentielles de l’expérience herméneutique, nous revisitons trois sphères fondamentales de celle-ci, mises en lumière par Gadamer dans Vérité et méthode. Nous commençons par l’analyse de la temporalité éminente de l’œuvre d’art en tant qu’elle fait apparaître la problématique de l’interprétation temporelle du sens. Nous l’élargissons ensuite à la totalité de l’expérience herméneutique, en l’interrogeant à partir des notions de présence et d’historicité. Ce qui nous conduit enfin à mettre en lumière l’inachèvement constitutif de l’expérience du sens, saisie dans son essence dialogale. Le temps représente pour nous moins un objet de recherche qu’une grille de lecture, permettant de mettre au jour le caractère temporel et historique de l’être du sens et la finitude de l’expérience du comprendre. Nous espérons montrer, par notre recherche, que le dégagement de la question du temps chez Gadamer pourrait fournir un élément essentiel à la compréhension de l’ensemble de sa pensée et contribuer à l’éclaircissement du concept herméneutique de vérité. / The present work aims, under the name of “figures of temporality”, to elucidate the modalities of time as they appear in Gadamer’s hermeneutics. Our point of departure lies in the idea that understanding is an event, and that something of the past in it comes to “speak” to the present, beyond any temporal distance. The theme of time is linked to the event structure of the experience of understanding and is presented in each major axis of Gadamerian thought, such as the ontology of the work of art, the relationship to tradition or the linguistic and dialogical constitution of our being-in-the-world.To explain the participation of time in the essential structures of hermeneutical experience, we revisit its three fundamental spheres, highlighted by Gadamer in Truth and Method. We begin with the analysis of the eminent temporality of the work of art insofar as it reveals the problematic of the temporal interpretation of meaning. Then we extend it to the totality of the hermeneutical experience, by questioning it through the notions of presence and historicity. It leads us finally to show the unclosed character of the experience of meaning, grasped in its dialogical essence. Here time is less a research object than a grid of reading, making it possible to reveal the temporal and historical character of the being of meaning and the finitude of the experience of understanding. Our research is intended to show that the emergence of the question of time in Gadamer could provide an essential element for the comprehension of his entire thought and contribute to the clarification of the hermeneutical concept of truth.

[pt] O conceito de jogo desenvolvido pelo filósofo Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900 – 2002) constitui uma tentativa de pensar o conhecimento em bases diferentes àquelas estabelecidas pela ciência moderna de raiz kantiana. A concepção de conhecimento desenvolvida por Gadamer parte da hermenêutica da facticidade que fora proposta por Martin Heidegger no primeiro quarto do século XX, e resgata a fundamental experiência da arte como acontecer da existência. O jogo, centro da Hermenêutica filosófica gadameriana, descobre as aporias e as limitações que decorrem do tratamento diferenciado do conhecimento e da produção/apreciação artística. Através de uma reconsideração da tradição do pensamento científico e estético, explora novos parâmetros para pensar a verdade da ciência e da arte, que deixam de concentrar-se em critérios metodológicos. O jogo, enquanto estrutura da compreensão, permite ver que ao desfazer a estreita relação entre verdade e método, convém às humanidades partir de uma concepção ontológica da compreensão para melhor aproximar-se do seu objeto. / [en] The concept of play, developed by the philosopher Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900 – 2002), constitutes an attempt to consider knowledge from basis different than those established by modern sciences stemming in kantian theory. The conception of knowledge thus developed by Gadamer, originates in Martin Heidegger s hermeneutics of facticity, which he proposed in the first quarter of the XXth century, and recovers the fundamental experience of art as the primary fact of existence. Play, the centre of Gadamer s philosophical hermeneutics unveils the aporia and limitations which come as a result of treating knowledge and artistic production/appreciation as differential standards. In reconsidering the tradition of scientific and aesthetic thinking, Gadamer explores new parameters to think truth within science and art, which no longer concentrate on methodological criteria. Play, posited as the structure of understanding, allows us to see how once the tight relationship between truth and method is undone, humanities are best suited with an ontological conception of understanding, so as to approach their object more accurately.

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nÃo hà / Esta dissertaÃÃo examina e expÃe a reflexÃo de Paul Ricoeur relativa aos elementos constitutivos da textualidade e a aplicaÃÃo destes componentes do texto à esfera do agir humano. A anÃlise das proposiÃÃes ricoeurianas toma como ponto de partida consideraÃÃes histÃricas que descrevem a passagem das prÃticas interpretativas, vinculadas principalmente à exegese e à filologia, para uma hermenÃutica de cunho verdadeiramente filosÃfica. Neste Ãmbito, examinamos o empenho de Schleiermacher em elevar o compreender alÃm das regras particulares de interpretaÃÃo; de Dilthey em incorporar ao ato hermenÃutico a importÃncia do encadeamento histÃrico para as ciÃncias do espÃrito; de Heidegger em interpor ao procedimento epistemolÃgico as condiÃÃes ontolÃgicas do prÃprio compreender; de Gadamer em demonstrar o acesso à verdade por vias nÃo necessariamente objetivantes do conhecimento. Dessa crÃtica gadameriana aos pressupostos da ciÃncia moderna, posta em termos do debate entre experiÃncia de pertenÃa e distanciamento alienante, Ricoeur faz sobressair a sua prÃpria concepÃÃo, na qual a textualidade à demonstrada como paradigmÃtica no que concerne à historicidade da experiÃncia humana. Segundo as teses ricoeurianas a aÃÃo humana, assim como o texto, contÃm uma proposiÃÃo de sentido que vai alÃm da intenÃÃo de seu agente ou, no caso da escrita, do seu autor, e que poderà ser efetuada em um contexto diferente daquele em que foi criada originalmente. / Esta dissertaÃÃo examina e expÃe a reflexÃo de Paul Ricoeur relativa aos elementos constitutivos da textualidade e a aplicaÃÃo destes componentes do texto à esfera do agir humano. A anÃlise das proposiÃÃes ricoeurianas toma como ponto de partida consideraÃÃes histÃricas que descrevem a passagem das prÃticas interpretativas, vinculadas principalmente à exegese e à filologia, para uma hermenÃutica de cunho verdadeiramente filosÃfica. Neste Ãmbito, examinamos o empenho de Schleiermacher em elevar o compreender alÃm das regras particulares de interpretaÃÃo; de Dilthey em incorporar ao ato hermenÃutico a importÃncia do encadeamento histÃrico para as ciÃncias do espÃrito; de Heidegger em interpor ao procedimento epistemolÃgico as condiÃÃes ontolÃgicas do prÃprio compreender; de Gadamer em demonstrar o acesso à verdade por vias nÃo necessariamente objetivantes do conhecimento. Dessa crÃtica gadameriana aos pressupostos da ciÃncia moderna, posta em termos do debate entre experiÃncia de pertenÃa e distanciamento alienante, Ricoeur faz sobressair a sua prÃpria concepÃÃo, na qual a textualidade à demonstrada como paradigmÃtica no que concerne à historicidade da experiÃncia humana. Segundo as teses ricoeurianas a aÃÃo humana, assim como o texto, contÃm uma proposiÃÃo de sentido que vai alÃm da intenÃÃo de seu agente ou, no caso da escrita, do seu autor, e que poderà ser efetuada em um contexto diferente daquele em que foi criada originalmente.

[pt] A dissertação investiga diversas faces das relações entre a história dos conceitos de Reinhart Koselleck e a hermenêutica filosófica de Hans-Georg Gadamer. Ao propormos uma interpretação da obra de Koselleck a luz das questões da filosofia hermenêutica, pretendemos entender e problematizar uma forma de conhecimento histórico que se baseia no diálogo e no vínculo entre passado e presente, com vistas a abertura de novos horizontes e perspectivas de futuro. Tal propósito é bem realizado pelos estudos históricos de Koselleck, mediante seu laço teórico com a filosofia heideggeriana e inserção nas questões políticas e sociais de sua época, o que os torna um importante campo para discussão no âmbito de nossa disciplina. O vigoroso debate travado entre os autores a respeito dos fundamentos do conhecimento histórico revela não somente discordâncias, mas também amplo campo de convergências, às quais iremos abordar. Estas idéias suscitam grande interesse num momento em que a ciência histórica cada vez mais parece definir seus objetivos como a investigação da alteridade histórica. A relação entre história e filosofia pode nos revelar perspectivas interessantes para a disciplina que nas últimas décadas, tem sofrido um grande impacto de correntes da antropologia. / [en] Dissertation looks into the various aspects of relations between Reinhart Koselleck s history of concepts and Hans-Georg Gadamer s philosophical hermeneutics. By proposing to interpret Koselleck s work in the light of inquiries made by hermeneutics philosophy, we intend to comprehend and bring into question one form of historical knowledge that is based upon the dialogue and the link between past and present, with a view to opening up new horizons and prospects of future. Such purpose is well served by Koselleck s historical studies, be it through their theoretical ties with the Heideggerian philosophy or their insertion into the political and social questions of his days, whereas they also make up a major discussion topic within our discipline. These authors strong argument on the fundamentals of historical knowledge shows not only dissent, but a wide field of consent as well, which will both be approached here. Authors ideas are of much interest just when historical science increasingly seems to state its purpose as an inquiry into historical otherness. The relation between history and philosophy may disclose interesting prospects for the discipline, which has greatly experienced the impact of anthropological trends in the latest decades.