No description available.

No description available.

This study explores aspects of the theoretical basis of Louise M. Rosenblatt's transactional theory of reading and its focus on the reader's efferent and aesthetic stances during transaction with nonfiction and fiction. The study explores the following questions: Does genre (nonfiction or fiction) influence the reader's response to a literarytext? Does a reader's process of reading change during a nonfictional reading compared to a fictional one? Are there certain factors that persuade a reader to view a nonfictional piece of writing differently than a fictional one? To examine these questions and to ensure the validity of the study, I wrote a story titled "The Exit" and presented the writing to three freshman English classes, first as nonfiction and then during the next class period as fiction. I chose to follow Rosenblatt's class procedure: an initial reading with free responses, an interchange of ideas, and then a rereading of the same text. For research purposes I needed bulk written and verbal responses to compare and contrast. This three-day immersion in nonfiction and fiction reflections produced sufficient data to analyze: (1) written free responses from the initial reading of the text as nonfiction; (2) recorded audio tapes of their small groups, responding to five inquiry questions regarding the nonfiction text; (3) written individual take-home responses to the same five inquiry questions; (4) written free responses from the second reading of the text as fiction; (5) recorded audio tapes of the small group discussions on their nonfiction and fiction responses; and (6) recorded audio tapes of the entire class reflections on the responses to reading the story as both nonfiction and fiction. During this expedition I kept a journal of each day's events so that as my students and I experienced this exploration together, I could capture what we all were feeling and thinking as it was actually happening. Although the students were unaware of genre influence until the third-day class reflection, there were distinct differences in student responses to nonfiction and fiction. These students predominately read nonfiction aesthetically and fiction efferently. In this study with these students, genre did influence the reader's response; the reader's process of reading did change during the nonfictional reading compared to a fictional one; and there were certain factors which persuaded the reader to view the nonfictional piece of writing differently than the fictional one. The contrast and comparison of the students' responses to nonfiction and fiction are shown in a detailed Venn diagram. In addition, I have included an extensive essay titled "The Transactional Dance: Louise Rosenblatt's Presence in the History of Literary Criticism." Her transactional theory of reading transcends time and continues to invite research. / Ed. D.

Thesis advisor: Kevin Lotery / Thesis advisor: Oliver Wunsch / Before the 18th century, dentistry as a profession and an art was practically non-existent. Oral health was largely disregarded by the general populace, who accepted tooth decay, loss, and pain as ordinary aspects of life. The social conventions of the time, driven by aristocratic norms, were to keep a tight-lipped manner in formal portraits. Consequently, artists used open-mouths as a signifier for their unsavory characters. However, the publication of Pierre Fauchard's groundbreaking book, Le Chirurgien-dentiste, marked the beginning of modern dentistry. The emergence of dentistry influenced a shift in societal attitudes towards oral health. This thesis explores how this shift transformed the open smile from a symbol of the unsavory to an emblems of respectability, reflecting the broader acceptance and desire for healthy, visible teeth among the enlightened public. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2024. / Submitted to: Boston College. Morrissey School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Art, Art History, and Film. / Discipline: Departmental Honors.

This thesis analyses the depiction and its function of politically active women in novels by six female authors from the margins of the democratic revolution of 1848 and the first German women’s movement. The thesis asks (i) what their political stance was in relation to democratic developments and women’s rights, (ii) how they rendered their political convictions into literary form, (iii) which literary images they used, criticised, or invented in order to depict politically active women in their novels in a positive light, and (iv) which narrative strategies they employed to ‘smuggle’ politically and socially radical ideas into what were sometimes only ostensibly conventional plots. The thesis combines intertextual analysis with poetic analyses of individual texts in order to highlight deviant elements in narrative strategy, imagery, or text-internal appraisals by the narrator or author. In order to contextualise the chosen texts as well as my analyses, it draws on the historical environment (social and legal developments, revolutions, technological progress) for the definition of what can be considered radical and political in the period 1845-1919. Additionally, the thesis is firmly grounded in feminist theory, which provides the instruments for highlighting the concepts and circumstances in which the six authors’ works are situated. The essays and novels analysed were written before feminist theory was established; however, their proto-feminist observations, demands, and discursive tactics contributed much to the formation and institutionalisation of feminist thought and, ultimately, theory. In their efforts to construct a positive role model for the political woman, the six authors chosen are united in their notion that such a role model should evolve from bourgeois values of family and work ethics, but the examples manifested in their novels show a great variety of degrees of radicalism.

Thèse réalisée en cotutelle avec l'Université Paris IV-Sorbonne. / Les collaborations de Louise d’Épinay à la Correspondance littéraire (1755-1783) et sa correspondance avec Ferdinando Galiani (1769-1782) constituent deux corpus complémentaires pour comprendre les pratiques de sociabilité de cette auteure et pour mettre au jour leur interaction avec ses pratiques d’écriture. Ses critiques, ses dialogues et ses lettres assurent la cooptation d’une élite par le prolongement qu’ils offrent aux mécanismes de distinction propres à la société de cour et par leur circulation en marge de la sphère mondaine. L’analyse des représentations de soi et du groupe dans ces ensembles permet d’approcher l’imaginaire social qui leur donne sens et qui explique la diffusion restreinte de ces textes. Cette étude, qui s’appuie sur des concepts issus de la sociologie, offre la possibilité d’un décloisonnement de la critique de la production de Louise d’Épinay tout en proposant une nouvelle approche de celle des femmes associées aux salons des Lumières. / Louise d’Épinay’s contributions to the Correspondance littéraire (1755-1783) and her correspondence with Ferdinando Galiani (1769-1782) constitute two complementary corpora which allow us to understand this author’s practices of sociability and to reveal their interaction with her writing. Her critical work, her dialogues and her letters contribute to the co-opting of a social elite, via their circulation in the margins of good society and their extension of court society’s mechanisms of distinction. The analysis of self-representations and group-representations in these writings allow us to better understand the social representations that give them meaning and that explain their restricted circulation. This thesis, based on sociological concepts, proposes a renewal of Louise d’Épinay’s studies, and those of the women associated with Enlightenment salons.

Pour respecter les droits d’auteur, la version électronique de ce mémoire a été dépouillée de ses documents visuels et audio-visuels. La version intégrale du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal / Le présent mémoire de maîtrise étudie la fortune critique de l'artiste états-unienne d'origine française Louise Bourgeois. Il suit le parcours de l'artiste vers une reconnaissance critique et publique plutôt tardive, et une consécration comme figure importante de l'art de la deuxième moitié du 20e siècle. Favorisant une approche historiographique qui porte attention au genre d’écrits comme les survols et les monographies, il procède à l'analyse d'ouvrages concernant la place de Bourgeois dans le cadre des histoires de la sculpture moderne et des textes de nature diverse (historiques, théoriques et critiques) émanant de la mouvance féministe en art, avant de considérer les études réservées exclusivement à la trajectoire de Bourgeois et au développement de son œuvre. Plus largement, cette étude propose d'examiner les subtilités de la construction d'un réseau d'interprétations qui puisse répondre de la complexité d'une production artistique s'étalant sur près de soixante-dix ans, faisant appel à une grande variété de matériaux non conventionnels, oscillant entre la fascination pour la figure totémique et l’installation, tout en résistant aux classifications conventionnelles de mouvements et d’écoles, de même qu’à celles de développements formels et stylistiques continus. / This master's thesis is a study of the French born American artist Louise Bourgeois' critical review. More precisely, it considers the artist’s progress from her beginnings as an American sculptor in the forties to her critical but albeit late public recognition as an important figure in the art of the second half of the twentieth century. From a historiographical perspective, and working with texts dealing with modern sculpture in the U.S.A., feminism in the visual arts and more specifically the career of Bourgeois, we want to examine the situation of this artist amidst the different interpretations of her artworks. This study proposes to look at the subtleties in the construction of a web of interpretations. This web, we will see, is as complex as the production of an artist who created for more than seventy years. The intent of the first chapter is to grasp the position occupied by Bourgeois in some of the major texts constituting the history of modern sculpture. This overview will lead us to the second chapter where we will analyze the manner Bourgeois' work is addressed by feminist literature and practice. In this context, and by the fact that Bourgeois revealed tragic aspects of her childhood at the turn of the eighties, we will seek to understand the changes in the way her work has been perceived. The third chapter focuses on the study of the artist’s national and international recognition in parallel to the monographs having her as their main subject. Those texts, which have been often tied to biographical writing, reassess in a certain way the old concept of the mythical artist.

Esta pesquisa averigua a forma como tem sido estabelecido o estatuto de recepção de algumas obras de arte no registro bruto/culto. Os artistas que abordamos são frequentemente classificados segundo tais categorias, ainda que tradicionalmente opostas: Arthur Bispo do Rosario (1909-1989), artista cujas obras foram alinhadas à Arte Contemporânea, e Judith Scott (1943-2005), artista com apenas algumas obras inseridas no campo da Arte Moderna e Contemporânea. O intento é examinar se os critérios e modos de leitura, praticados por críticos e curadores em mostras e exposições nacionais e internacionais, contemporaneamente, têm observado o vivido como significante preponderante do acervo desses artistas ou se, por outro lado, a prática é a de aproximação e incorporação no sistema de arte por aspectos meramente formais. Através do recolhimento da literatura referida a esses eventos, pretendemos explicitar os critérios de leitura e de fruição das obras desses artistas que compartilham o gosto por materiais têxteis, cujo processo de tecimento/destecimento é ingrediente-base de suas poéticas, mas que participam do sistema de arte em diferentes estatutos de integração. Finalmente, a pesquisa visa investigar até que ponto o sentido da escolha de têxteis no desenvolvimento de suas mitopoéticas foi considerado no campo da recepção crítica. A meio termo, destacamos um olhar de dentro do sistema de arte, contabilizando alguns dos pronunciamentos da artista francesa contemporânea Louise Bourgeois (1911-2010), considerando-os especialmente em dois aspectos que nos interessam neste estudo: sua relação com os têxteis, dos pontos de vista formal ou conceitual, e também sua singular perspectiva sobre o processo criativo e o engajamento do criador. A artista não tece julgamentos ou considerações de modo a estabelecer uma delimitação ou alguma fronteira entre os campos (in-) e (out-)sider, o que torna sua perspectiva particularmente atrativa. Colaborar para a reflexão sobre a interpretação de obras estrangeiras à esfera da arte institucionalizada é importante instrumento de compreensão dos processos de construção do saber artístico e de consolidação da fortuna crítica, além de proporcionar uma discussão sobre a possibilidade de pensar lArt Brut a partir de um ponto de vista do próprio sistema de arte / This research aims to enquire how the statute of some art works has been established in the outsider/cultivated art reception register. In this approach the artists are often classified accordingly to those categories, even though they are traditionally opposites: Arthur Bispo do Rosario (1909-1989), an artist whose works are linked to the contemporaneous art, and Judith Scott (1943-2005), an artist who has only some of her work included in the modern and Contemporary Arts system. The intent is to examine what is the criteria and reading tools currently used by curators and art critics in both national and international exhibits, to evaluate if they have considered that bulk of work as something of significant value or if the approach is one of incorporating it into the system in merely formal terms. Through the investigation of the available literature related to those events, we intend to think the criteria used in the evaluation and fruition of those artists work. They have in common the preference for textile materials; the weaving/unweaving process is the basis of their poetic. However, they hold different status of integration in the arts system. Finally, this research aims to investigate how much the choice of textile materials in the development of mythopoetic has been considered and accepted by the critics. In the middle ground, we point to a view that is inside the arts system, listing some of the pronoucements of the contemporary french artist Louise Bourgeois (1911-2010), regarding specially two aspects of interest in the present study: her relation with textiles, be it from the formal or conceptual point of view, and also her singular perspective about the creative process and the creators commitment to it. The artist does not judge or deliberate in order to establish or set out a boundary between the fields of (in-) and (out-)sider art, which makes her perspective even more interesting. Reflecting on the interpretation of foreign works connected to the institutionalized art is an important and valuable contribution to the construction of artistic knowledge and to the consolidation of critical fortune. It also provides a discussion on how to consider the possibility of viewing the Outsider Art from the art systems perspective

Les collaborations de Louise d’Épinay à la Correspondance littéraire (1755-1783) et sa correspondance avec Ferdinando Galiani (1769-1782) constituent deux corpus complémentaires pour comprendre les pratiques de sociabilité de cette auteure et pour mettre au jour leur interaction avec ses pratiques d’écriture. Ses critiques, ses dialogues et ses lettres assurent la cooptation d’une élite par le prolongement qu’ils offrent aux mécanismes de distinction propres à la société de cour et par leur circulation en marge de la sphère mondaine. L’analyse des représentations de soi et du groupe dans ces ensembles permet d’approcher l’imaginaire social qui leur donne sens et qui explique la diffusion restreinte de ces textes. Cette étude, qui s’appuie sur des concepts issus de la sociologie, offre la possibilité d’un décloisonnement de la critique de la production de Louise d’Épinay tout en proposant une nouvelle approche de celle des femmes associées aux salons des Lumières. / Louise d’Épinay’s contributions to the Correspondance littéraire (1755-1783) and her correspondence with Ferdinando Galiani (1769-1782) constitute two complementary corpora which allow us to understand this author’s practices of sociability and to reveal their interaction with her writing. Her critical work, her dialogues and her letters contribute to the co-opting of a social elite, via their circulation in the margins of good society and their extension of court society’s mechanisms of distinction. The analysis of self-representations and group-representations in these writings allow us to better understand the social representations that give them meaning and that explain their restricted circulation. This thesis, based on sociological concepts, proposes a renewal of Louise d’Épinay’s studies, and those of the women associated with Enlightenment salons. / Thèse réalisée en cotutelle avec l'Université Paris IV-Sorbonne.

Le présent mémoire de maîtrise étudie la fortune critique de l'artiste états-unienne d'origine française Louise Bourgeois. Il suit le parcours de l'artiste vers une reconnaissance critique et publique plutôt tardive, et une consécration comme figure importante de l'art de la deuxième moitié du 20e siècle. Favorisant une approche historiographique qui porte attention au genre d’écrits comme les survols et les monographies, il procède à l'analyse d'ouvrages concernant la place de Bourgeois dans le cadre des histoires de la sculpture moderne et des textes de nature diverse (historiques, théoriques et critiques) émanant de la mouvance féministe en art, avant de considérer les études réservées exclusivement à la trajectoire de Bourgeois et au développement de son œuvre. Plus largement, cette étude propose d'examiner les subtilités de la construction d'un réseau d'interprétations qui puisse répondre de la complexité d'une production artistique s'étalant sur près de soixante-dix ans, faisant appel à une grande variété de matériaux non conventionnels, oscillant entre la fascination pour la figure totémique et l’installation, tout en résistant aux classifications conventionnelles de mouvements et d’écoles, de même qu’à celles de développements formels et stylistiques continus. / This master's thesis is a study of the French born American artist Louise Bourgeois' critical review. More precisely, it considers the artist’s progress from her beginnings as an American sculptor in the forties to her critical but albeit late public recognition as an important figure in the art of the second half of the twentieth century. From a historiographical perspective, and working with texts dealing with modern sculpture in the U.S.A., feminism in the visual arts and more specifically the career of Bourgeois, we want to examine the situation of this artist amidst the different interpretations of her artworks. This study proposes to look at the subtleties in the construction of a web of interpretations. This web, we will see, is as complex as the production of an artist who created for more than seventy years. The intent of the first chapter is to grasp the position occupied by Bourgeois in some of the major texts constituting the history of modern sculpture. This overview will lead us to the second chapter where we will analyze the manner Bourgeois' work is addressed by feminist literature and practice. In this context, and by the fact that Bourgeois revealed tragic aspects of her childhood at the turn of the eighties, we will seek to understand the changes in the way her work has been perceived. The third chapter focuses on the study of the artist’s national and international recognition in parallel to the monographs having her as their main subject. Those texts, which have been often tied to biographical writing, reassess in a certain way the old concept of the mythical artist. / Pour respecter les droits d’auteur, la version électronique de ce mémoire a été dépouillée de ses documents visuels et audio-visuels. La version intégrale du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal