In my diploma thesis I intend to look into the issue of commitment in love relationships. I wonder how it is influenced by the nature of nowadays society enhancing individualism and flexibility. Commitments are based in merging our own identity with identity of our partner. But crucial is to balance it with our own autonomy and freedom. Commitment means putting certain restrictions to our future choices. I made sixteen semi-structured qualitative interviewes based on grounded theory and I looked for answers how they perceive commitments in love relationships, what meaningful partnership means to them and how they cope with comparing potential alternatives. Keywords Commitment, love, relationship, individualism, autonomy

This thesis is a qualitative interview study with the purpose of describing how women living with physical disabilities view their experiences and expectations connected to sexuality. It also aims to highlight how the surrounding society treats these women regarding their sexuality. Through semi-structured interviews; six single- and one group interview, the data was collected during a two month long Minor Field Study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. An interpreter, with a degree in Kiswahili/English translation at the University of Dar es Salaam was translating the interviews from Kiswahili to English. The results of this study show that the women living with physical disabilities view themselves as capable and strong sexual beings even if they at the same time face many challenges. The challenges they face are both on an individual and a structural level. These challenges are often connected to the men they have long or short relationships with and are closely linked to both how the men and the society view physical disability and the female sex. This thesis shows that when it comes to sexuality the women all hope for a radical change towards a society that can meet their needs better and the women’s stories clearly highlight the importance of seeing the society itself as the disabling mechanism instead of seeing themselves as disabled individuals.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:27:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SABRINA GALLO.pdf: 344119 bytes, checksum: 04edf509764d334101d2d2dd7ac0bcc5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-06 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / Independence and seclusion walk together for many women considered as modern women(Ferres Carneiro, 1998). With cultural, social and professional life changes, we live at a timewhen new female roles models are not yet completely defined, affecting the possibility ofchoosing a partner. Nowadays the woman s role in society is passing through transformations,established old patterns are not working anymore and new models are being defined. Suchcontingences can have consequences on physical and emotional health, making women moresensitive to stress symptoms. The feelings reveal themselves as behavioral events, attributed tothe person and determinate for the surrounding, the nomination of these feelings is a product oflearning and has a social origin.(Baum,1999) Objective is to check through the report of women,their feelings facing a love relationship and if there is some relation between the feelingidentified with stress level. For this, interviews were performed with 14 women, aged between 28 and 36 years old, without a 1-year established love relationship. The participants were submittedto Lipp s Stress Symptoms Inventory for Adults (LSSI) and an interview to identify their feelings in relation to love relationships in the past, present and future. The results indicate that happinesswas chosen for the majority of participant to express their feelings in relation to their past andfuture situations, suggesting that the experiences of love relationship are positives. The majorityof the group presented the feeling of sadness on the actual situation of not having a stable loverelationship, confirming that positive feelings are related to having a love relation and negativefeelings to not being involved in a love relation. It was identified that 8 of the 14 participantpresented stress diagnosis, six (42.9%) were in resistance phase, two (14.3%) in almostexhausting phase and six (42.9%) did not present a stress diagnosis. The predominant symptomspredominance was psychological varying the percentage of between 20% to 100%, indicatingthat predominantly the specimen presented stress with psychological symptoms. Women withouta stable love relationship indicate an external stress source, when identified absence of stablelove relationship as an aversive contingence. Indifference to love experiences can be interpretedas an internal stress source, no discrimination of the feelings or its denial is covering behaviorand, thus difficult to access and interpret. It was observed that participants who were on lightstress phase live and express their feelings, even their feelings of sadness. And participants whofeel or express indifference present more grave stress symptoms. These results suggest that moreresearch must be performed in this area to understand better the contingence influence onaffective women lives. / Independ?ncia e solid?o caminham junto para muitas mulheres consideradas modernas (Ferres Carneiro,1998). Com as mudan?as culturais, sociais e da vida profissional, os novos modelos do papel feminino ainda n?o est?o completamente definidos, alterando a possibilidade de escolha de um parceiro. O papel da mulher na sociedade est? passando por transforma??es: antigos padr?es estabelecidos j? n?o funcionam mais e novos modelos est?o sendo definidos. Tais conting?ncias podem trazer conseq??ncias para a sa?de f?sica e emocional da mulher, deixando-a mais sens?vel aos sintomas de stress. Os sentimentos caracterizam-se como eventos comportamentais atribu?dos ? pessoa e determinados pelo ambiente; a nomea??o de tais sentimentos ? um produto de aprendizagem e tem origem social (Baum,1999). Objetivou-se verificar atrav?s de relato de mulheres seus sentimentos diante do relacionamento amoroso e se existe certa rela??o entre os sentimentos identificados com o n?vel de stress. Para isso foram realizadas entrevistas com catorze mulheres, com idade entre 28 e 36 anos, sem um relacionamento amoroso est?vel h? umano. As participantes foram submetidas ao Invent?rio de Sintomas de Stress de Lipp e a uma entrevista para identifica??o de seus sentimentos em rela??o ao relacionamento amoroso no passado, presente e futuro. Os resultados indicaram que o sentimento de felicidade foi escolhido pela maioria das participantes para expressar seus sentimentos em rela??o ?s situa??es do passado e do futuro, sugerindo que as experi?ncias nas rela??es amorosas s?o positivas. A maior parte do grupo apresentou o sentimento de tristeza na situa??o atual, que se caracteriza pela falta de um relacionamento amoroso est?vel, confirmando que os sentimentos positivos est?o relacionados a ter uma rela??o amorosa e os sentimentos negativos a n?o estar envolvida numa rela??o amorosa. Verificou-se que oito das catorze participantes apresentaram diagn?stico de stress, seis (42, 9%) encontravam-se na fase de resist?ncia, duas (14,3%) na fase quase exaust?o e seis (42,9%) n?o apresentaram diagn?stico de stress. A preval?ncia de sintomas foi psicol?gica, variando a porcentagem de 20% a 100%, indicando que predominantemente a amostra apresentou stress com sintomas psicol?gicos. As mulheres sem um relacionamento amoroso est?vel indicaram uma fonte externa de stress quando identificaram aus?ncia de relacionamentoamoroso est?vel como uma conting?ncia aversiva. Indiferen?a frente ?s experi?ncias amorosas pode ser interpretada como uma fonte interna de stress; n?o discrimina??o dos sentimentos ou sua nega??o s?o comportamentos encobertos e, portanto, de dif?cil acesso e interpreta??o. Observou-se que as participantes que se encontravam em fase de stress mais leve vivem e expressam seus sentimentos, mesmo que seja de tristeza. E as participantes que sentem ou expressam indiferen?a apresentam sintomas de stress mais graves. Esses resultados sugerem que sejam realizadas mais pesquisas nesta ?rea para que se possa ter uma melhor compreens?o da influ?ncia das conting?ncias na vida afetiva das mulheres.

In my diploma thesis I intend to look into the issue of commitment in love relationships. I wonder how it is influenced by the nature of nowadays society enhancing individualism and flexibility. These commitments are based in merging our own identity with identity of our partner. But crucial is to also balance it with our own autonomy and freedom. Commitment means putting certain restrictions to our future choices. I made sixteen semi-structured qualitative interviews based on grounded theory with sixteen women and men in young adulthood and I looked for answers on how they perceive commitments in love relationships, what meaningful partnership means to them and how they cope with comparing potential alternatives and overall which strategies they use in making decision about commitment and behavior for its lasting, deepening or ending them. Keywords Commitment, love, relationship, intimacy, identity, individualism, autonomy

The aim of this thesis is to provide the generationally authentic view of the issue of young men's and women's relationships with the focus on mapping their expectations and emotional needs satisfaction. The theoretical part describes the period of young adulthood that is specific exactly to a relationship build-up. The next part of the paper focuses on the phenomenon of love, problems of a partner choice and men's and women's specific expectations and emotional needs. The last chapter covers sexuality that is a natural part of relationships. The thematic areas are always accompanied by a pedagogical point of view because education has the significant impact in a partnerships formation. The practical part contains the survey of 60 respondents. The subject was young men's and women's expectations in a relationship. The main goal was to determine which expectations young men and women start a relationship with. The key result is the fact that men and women have different expectations in a relationship but they agree about the expectation of mutual love and understanding.

本研究目的在瞭解大學生的人際依附風格、愛情信念與關係衝突因應策略彼此間之關聯性。研究對象為856位北部大專院校通識課或相關課程的大學生。本研究使用「人際依附風格量表」（安全型依附、焦慮型依附、忽略逃避型依附、害怕逃避型依附）、「愛情信念量表」（發展信念、命運信念）與「關係衝突因應策略量表」（表明因應、忠誠因應、忽視因應、離開因應）為研究工具，所得資料先以驗證性因素分析與Cronbach’s α分析「愛情信念量表」與「關係衝突因應策略量表」之信度與效度，再以描述性統計、獨立樣本單因子多變量變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關與典型相關進行正式資料分析，主要研究結果如下： 一、 大學生的人際依附風格以「安全依附」的傾向較高；愛情信念中較傾向有「發展信念」；關係衝突因應策略較傾向採用「表明因應」。 二、 女性在「害怕逃避依附」、「發展信念」之得分高於男性；男性在「忠誠因應」、「忽視因應」及「離開因應」之得分高於女性。目前有交往對象者在「安全依附」、「發展信念」與「表明因應」的傾向較高；曾經有交往對象者在「安全依附」、「命運信念」、「忠誠因應」、「忽視因應」與「離開因應」的傾向較高；未曾有交往對象者在「焦慮依附」、「忽略逃避依附」、「害怕逃避依附」、「命運信念」、「忠誠因應」、「忽視因應」與「離開因應」的傾向較高。 三、 人際依附風格、愛情信念與關係衝突因應策略三組變項間有三組典型相關存在：1.「安全依附」和「發展信念」愈高，則其「表明因應」愈高，「忽視因應」與「離開因應」愈低；2.「焦慮依附」、「害怕逃避依附」和「命運信念」愈高，則其「忠誠因應」與「忽視因應」愈高；3.「安全依附」與「命運信念」愈高，則其「表明因應」與「離開因應」愈高。 根據以上研究發現，本研究提出進一步的討論，並提供愛情/婚姻教育與諮商實務工作上之建議及未來之研究方向。 關鍵詞：愛情關係、人際依附風格、愛情信念、關係衝突因應策略 / The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship among attachment style, love beliefs, and conflict-coping strategies in relationship. 856 college students who located in Northern Taiwan were selected as subjects. The data was collected from the inventory of attachment style (secure attachment, preoccupied attachment, fearful-avoidant attachment, dismissing-avoidant attachment), love beliefs (growth belief, destiny belief), and conflict-coping strategies in relationship (voice coping, loyalty coping, neglect coping, exit coping). The confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach’s α were used to analyze the reliability and validity for both love beliefs and conflict-coping strategies in relationship. The descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis of variance, pearson’s correlation and canonical correlation analysis were used to complete the full analysis. The major findings are presented as follow: 1. Most of college students (in our sample) are secure attached, growth belief in love, and use voice conflict-coping strategies. 2. The dismissing-avoidant attachment, and growth belief of female college students are higher than that of the male college students, The loyalty coping, neglect coping, exit coping of male college students are higher than that of the female college students, The college students who currently in a relationship tend to have higher score in secure attachment, growth belief, and voice coping, The college student who has boy/girl friend before tend to have higher score in secure attachment, destiny belief, loyalty coping, neglect coping, exit coping, The college students who never had boy/girl friends tend to have higher score in preoccupied attachment, fearful-avoidant attachment, dismissing-avoidant attachment, destiny belief, loyalty coping, neglect coping, exit coping. 3. There were three significant canonical correlation between attachment style, love beliefs, and conflict-coping strategies in relationship. First, higher secure attachment and growth belief were associated with higher voice coping and lower neglect coping and exit coping. Second, higher preoccupied attachment and dismissing-avoidant attachment were associated with higher loyalty coping and neglect coping. Third, higher secure attachment and dismissing-avoidant attachment were associated with higher voice coping and exit coping. The implications of this study for love/marriage education and counseling worker, along with future research suggestions, are discussed herein. Keyword: love relationship, attachment style, love beliefs, and conflict-coping strategies in relationship

El objetivo de esta investigación es relacionar los estilos de apego y los esquemas maladaptativos tempranos en jóvenes que tienen una relación de pareja. Participaron 172 personas de 19 a 30 años. Los instrumentos empleados fueron la Escala de Apego Adulto de Márquez, Rivera y Reyes (2009) y el Cuestionario de Esquemas Maladaptativos Tempranos, validado en Perú por León y Sucari (2013). Se encontró relación entre el apego seguro se asocia de manera negativa con el esquema de abandono, también se encontró correlación positiva entre el apego evitativo y el esquema de desconfianza; asimismo, una correlación positiva entre apego ansioso y el esquema de abandono. Se concluye que los estilos de apego están relacionados con los esquemas maladaptativos tempranos. / The objective of this research is to relate early attachment styles and maladaptive patterns in young people who have a relationship. 172 people from 19 to 30 years old participated. The instruments used were the Adult Attachment Scale by Marquez, Rivera and Reyes (2009) and the Early Maladaptive Schemes Questionnaire, validated in Peru by Leon and Sucari (2013). A relationship was found between secure attachment is negatively associated with the abandonment scheme, and a positive correlation was also found between avoidance attachment and distrust scheme; likewise, a positive correlation was found between anxious attachment and abandonment scheme. This research concludes that attachment styles are associated with maladaptive schemes. / Tesis

Den här uppsatsen undersöker hur kärleksrelationen skrivs fram i två poetiska verk; Märta Tikkanens Århundradets kärlekssaga och Ebba Witt-Brattströms Århundradets kärlekskrig.  Syftet med uppsatsen är att se till hur plats, blick och skrivandet samverkar i framskrivandet av kärleksrelationen. Jag utforskar hur det narcissistiska, inåtvända subjektet fungerar och hur skrivandet av den egna erfarenheten upprätthåller ett kapitalistiskt och narcissistiskt kärlekssystem där människor gör våld på sig själv och andra. Jag använder mig av Byung-Chul Han och hans verk Eros Agoni för att se hur och vad den andres platslöshet har för betydelse i kärleksrelationen. Jag går i dialog med Han kring hur det inåtvända subjektet fungerar i ett kapitalistiskt system och vad skrivandet av plats gör. Analysen utgår från hur den skrivande blicken gör mannen till den andre genom att skriva fram dennes abstrakta och fysiska plats. I platsbestämmandet finns en maktaspekt där en konsumerande blick utvinner den andre genom att göra, skriva denne. Parallellt med analysen problematiserar jag även mig själv och mitt egna skrivande och de rädslor som finns hos ett instörtat, narcissistiskt, skrivande subjekt. Jag visar på hur skribenten gör våld på text och analys, och hur platsbestämmandet är en illusion av en frigörelse i det kapitalistiska systemet. Jag visar hur det misslyckade skrivandet blir en väg ut ur ett kapitalistiskt samhälle där subjektet strävar efter perfektion. / This essay examines how the love relationship is made in Märta Tikkanens Århundradets kärlekssaga and Ebba Witt-Brattströms Århundradets kärlekskrig. The aim for this study is to analyze how place, and the consumption of “the other” interact in the writing of a love relationship. I explore how a narcissistic, collapsed subject functions and how it is made in the poems. I discuss how and if experience-based writing maintains a capitalistic and narcissistic lovesystem where the subject commits violence on itself and others by determining an abstract and physical place. The book Eros Agoni by Byung-Chul Han discusses the atopic otherness in the love relationship and how the liberalistic and consuming subject exploit the other and itself. I analyze this theory of the other and how the love relationships function in the poems. I also discuss how the others lack of space and how the consuming gaze is made in the writing. In the fixing of place there is an aspect of power where a consuming gaze exploits the other by doing, and writing it.    In parallel with the analysis, I also problematize myself and my own writing and the fears that exist in a collapsed, narcissistic, writing subject. I show how the writer violates text and analysis, and how the determination of place is an illusion of liberation in the capitalist system. I show how failed writing can become a way out of a capitalist society where the subject strives for perfection.