The thesis deals with design and construction of low-power measurement device with power over optical fiber. This device should measure input signal in range of 50 mV to 50 V and the results of measurement sent through optical fiber into sensing module.

This work deals with issues of design and optimize of an operational amplifiers using CMOS transistor models. The main focus of work is to propose a circuit suitable for low voltage applications with low power. The proposed circuit consists of sub-circuits, each of which must operate in the desired voltage range. Detailed design of input and output stages will reach range of rail-to-rail type with a minimum quiescent current.

This Thesis „Emergency Button for Seniors“ is about suggestion of realization of system emergency signalization. The System consists of programmable digital watch with wireless interface and PC with software processing signals. Status signalization is created by phone message and figuration of dialog on monitor. There is used free software for realization. Operation system on PC is Linux (distribution Ubontu 11.04). For graphic transitional plane PC application is used cross-platform framework QT. For watch firmware is used C compiler MSP430-GCC, MSP debug v0,15 and firmware OpenChronos.

This master’s thesis deals with the explanation of the concept of smart wearables and the different application possibilities. This work also includes examples of finished demonstration devices in this category. Part of this work is devoted to guide the selection of appropriate components for the design of new equipment in the category of smart wearable. The result of this thesis is designed wearable and charging station. This device is able to read user input and display that information on a smart device running under Android system connected via Bluetooth technology.

This master thesis presents, examines, designs, implements, and evaluates with respect to energy efficiency a secure and robust VoIP system. This system utilizes a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) infrastructure assisted by a cloud service, specifically focusing on small to medium sized enterprises (SME) and homes. This research focuses on using inexpensive, flexible, commodity embedded hardware (specifically a Linksys WRT54GL wireless router for the local site with a customized operating system, specifically DD-WRT). The idea is to reduce the local site's power consumption to very low levels by examining which functions can be done in a cloud service rather than at the local site. The thesis presents the design of a low-power IP telephony system for the local site and the cloud site. A number of different usage scenarios and desirable features are described. The methodology for conducting a set of experiments is defined to perform stress-testing and to evaluate the low- power IP telephony system's design. The experiments concern the overall power consumption of the local site under various configurations, the VPN link's call capacity, the QoS metrics for the VoIP calls, the session request delay (SRD) and the registration request delay (RRD). The results from these experiments show that there is a potential for significant power savings when using the proposed design for an IP telephony system. / Detta examensarbete presenterar, undersöker, utformar, implementerar, och försöker att utvärdera ett säkert och robust VoIP-system med energieffektivitet. Detta system använder en Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)-infrastruktur med hjälp av en molntjänst med särskild inriktning på, små, och medelstora företag (SME) och hemmanvändare. Denna forskning fokuserar att använda en prisvärt, billig, flexibel, med program inbyggd hårdvara (speciellt en Linksys WRT54GL trådlös router för den lokala platsen med ett anpassat operativsystem DD-WRT). Tanken är att minska energiförbrukningen på, den lokala platsen till mycket låga nivåer genom att undersöka vilka funktioner, som kan köras på, ett molntjnst snarare än på, den lokala platsen. Avhandlingen presenterar utformningen av ett IP-telefonisystem på, den lokala platsen med ett lågt strömbehov och på, molntjänsten. Ett antal olika användningsförhållanden och önskvärda egenskaper är beskrivna. Metodiken för att genomföra en rad experiment definieras för att utföra stresstester och för att utvärdera designen av IP-telefonisystem med ett lågt effektbehov. I försöken experimenteras den totala energiförbrukningen av den lokala platsen under olika konfigurationer, VPN-länkens samtalskapacitet, QoS-mätning för VoIP-samtal, Session Request Delay (SRD) och Registration Request Delay (RRD). Resultaten från dessa experiment visar att det finns en potential för betydande energibesparing när du använder den föreslagna designen för en IP-telefoni system.

Les vibrations ambiantes representent une source potentielle d'energie pour alimentation des capteurs sans fil autonomes. La transduction electrostatique est une des techniques utilisees pour la conversion de l'energie des vibrations en electricite. De nombreuses realisations des transducteurs et leurs circuits de conditionnement ont deja ete presentees dans la litterature. Pour transmettre l'energie convertie vers une charge utile des interfaces specifiques doivent etre concues. Ce dernier sujet a ete peu aborde dans la litterature. Ce travail etudie une interface avec la charge dans un dispositif de recuperation d'energie vibratoire. L'architecture proposee au cours de cette etude est adaptee aux circuits de conditionnement de type pompe de charge, qui fonctionne selon un cycle charge-tension rectangulaire. L'interface proposee accomplit deux taches. Premierement, il permet de transferer l'energie electrique du circuit de conditionnement vers une charge tout en abaissant la tension d'une maniere adiabatique, c.a.d., en minimisant les dissipations. Deuxiemement, il permet de reguler le debit d'extraction d'energie du circuit de conditionnement en ajustant dynamiquement la puissance de ce transfert. Cela est realise avec un circuit integree en technologie 0.35um CMOS haute tension dont l'architecture est inspiree d'un convertisseur DCDC de type Buck fonctionnant en regime discontinu. La consommation de l'interface est minimisee grace a l'utilisation du regime sous le seuil des transistors MOS pour pratiquement tous les blocs, grace a une alimentation reduite a 1.1V. L'interface consomme en dessous de 100nW, et est capable de gerer des sources d'energie a puissance < 1uW. / Vibrational energy is an attractive power source for self-powered wireless sensors. A mainstream harvesting technique for vibrational energy is electrostatic MEMS harvesters. Various circuit architectures have already been introduced with many successful implementation, yet a load interface that efficiently manages the harvested energy has rarely been reported. In this work a load interface is proposed which is suited for any condition circuit (CC) implementing rectangular QV cycles. In general, a rectangular QV conditioning circuit has an optimum interval of which the energy harvested is maximised, thus the harvested energy should be periodically removed to maintain maximising the harvested energy. This is achieved through the load interface (LI). The LI proposed is a switched inductor capacitive architecture with a LI controller allowing the extraction of the energy in a multiple energy shot fashion. The LI controller incorporate an ultra low power clock for switching events and low power comparator for switching decision. Power consumption is reduced by operating at a low supply voltage (1.1V). The LI is implemented in AMS0.35HV technology with a mixed high voltage-low power control blocks. It takes into account the harvester operation to maximise its extracted energy. It overcomes the constrained limited biasing power, tackles resistive losses and power handling transistor long channels by transferring the energy in a multiple shots fashion. A CMOS implementation is proposed along with simulation results showing an average consumed power of the controller less than 100nW allowing the system to operate with input power levels as low as few hundreds of nano-watts.

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The introduction of the Low Power FM (LPFM) service by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) provided a unique glimpse into media policy-making. Because usual allies disagreed over the service, the usually invisible political nature of the debate was made transparent. The project of this thesis is to contextualize the histories of radio policy, non-commercial radio, and the public interest standard to shed light on why it was so challenging to implement even a small, local radio service. Secondly, the thesis will explore the theoretical understandings of the various players in the LPFM debate, as well as the practical functioning of these tiny stations. This project also challenges the low power advocates and media reform movement to actively fight for more substantive media policy regarding civic protections.

Composite cascode stages have been used in operational amplifier designs to achieve ultra-high gain at very low power. The flexibility and simplicity of the stage makes it an appealing choice for low power op-amp designs. Op-amp design using the composite cascode stage is often made more difficult through the lack of a design process. A design process to aid in the selection of the MOSFET dimensions is provided in this thesis. This process includes a table-based method for selection of the widths and lengths of the MOSFETs used in the composite cascode stage. Equations are also derived for the gain, bandwidth, and noise of the composite cascode stage with each of the devices operating in the various regions of inversion.