It is very common in everyday life for people to use data generated by sensors like accelerometers and gyroscopes, whether they are on the mobile phone, smartwatch or other smart devices, for analysis of their movement or tracking their habits. This study is focused on boxing, and proposes a test where the generated data are put through machine learning algorithms in order to output information on the type of punch thrown by the user. Furthermore, the possibility of implementing ML on Android is examined. This thesis was performed by conducting a literature study, and an experimental study. For the literature study, researches similar to this were examined to gather information and insight on what the most common practices are, regarding the setup of the device used to collect the data, both in terms of sensor placement on the body and sensor setup like the optimal data output rates. The experimental part was conducted using custom hardware implementing an accelerometer and a gyroscope in which the wearer of this device would proceed to throw 6 types of punches (jab, cross, left & right uppercut, and left & right hook) to generate the data to be analyzed. It was technically possible to use Android for ML, but it was the least optimum way to execute the algorithms, so a PC was used instead. After putting the data through multiple ML algorithms, the results show that with our current hardware set up it was not possible for the ML algorithms to adequately classify the type of punches with mediocre accuracy scores ranging from 37.37% - 59.16% depending on the algorithm.

Den här uppsatsen beskriver processen av att skapa en plattformsoberoende mobilapplikation för att koppla upp mobila enheter mot trådlösa sensorer med hjälp av Bluetooth Low Energy, samla in data från uppkopplade sensorer och ladda upp den insamlade datan till en molnlagringstjänst. Allt eftersom konsumenter och forskare använder fler sensorer och andra Bluetooth-enheter, [1] ökar behovet av simplare och standardiserade lösningar för att arbeta med dessa. En litteraturstudie har genomförts där information om närliggande forskning insamlats och viktig information om de nödvändiga mjukvarukomponenter som krävs har utvärderats. I kombination med litteraturstudien har en IT-artefakt utvecklats i form av en mobilapplikation som har testats utefter insamlade krav för att säkerställa applikationens funktionalitet. Syftet med det här arbetet är att tydliggöra och konkretisera en mjukvaruutvecklingsprocess som kan användas för att skapa en mobilapplikation av det här slaget, samt vilka potentiella svårigheter som finns i dagsläget med att utforma den här typen av applikationer. Resultaten visar att en del tillverkare inte följer standarden för Bluetooth-kommunikation, detta gör det svårt att skriva generaliserade metoder för att hämta data från sensorer av alla typer och från samtliga tillverkare. / This thesis describes the process of creating a platform-independent mobile application for connecting mobile devices to wireless sensors using Bluetooth Low Energy, collecting data from connected sensors and uploading the collected data to a cloud storage service. As consumers and researchers use more sensors and other Bluetooth-devices, [1] one could argue that there is a need for simpler and standardised solutions to working with these. A literature study has been conducted where information on related research has been collected and important information about the necessary software components has been evaluated. In combination with the literature study, an IT artefact has been developed in the form of a mobile application that has been tested according to collected requirements to ensure the application's functionality. The purpose of this work is to contribute with a clear scientific process over what is required to create a mobile application of this kind and what potential difficulties exist in present-day design of this type of applications. The results show that some manufacturers may not be following the standards for Bluetooth data communication, thus making it hard to write generalized methods for retrieving data from sensors of any type or manufacturer.

Ce travail de thèse traite différents aspects de la conception basse consommation. Tout d’abord, le concept du calcul réversible, considéré comme le premier essai pour un calcul sans dissipation, est présenté. Puis, je me suis intéressée aux dissipations des circuits complémentaires MOS puisque c’est la logique la plus couramment utilisée dans les circuits numériques. J’ai proposé deux approches pour réduire la consommation de ces circuits numériques. La première approche porte sur la réduction de la dissipation due aux glitchs. J’ai proposé une nouvelle méthode qui consiste à adapter les tensions de seuil des transistors pour assurer un filtrage optimal de ces glitchs. Les résultats de simulation montrent que nous obtenons jusqu’à16% de réduction des glitchs, ce qui représente une amélioration de 18% par rapport à l’état de l’art sur la base des circuits de référence ISCAS85. La deuxième approche porte sur la réduction de la dissipation obtenue en faisant fonctionner les transistors MOS en régime d’ inversion faible (sous-seuil). Les circuits fonctionnant dans ce régime représentent une solution idéale pour les applications ultra-basse-consommation. Par contre, l’une des préoccupations majeures est qu’ils sont plus sensibles aux dispersions des processus de fabrication, ce qui peut entraîner des problèmes de fiabilité. Je propose un modèle compact qui détermine le point d’énergie minimum de façon analytique, donc sans recourir à une simulation type SPICE, tout en étant suffisamment précise vis-à-vis de la variabilité(due à la dispersion). L’écart de résultat entre le modèle compact et un modèle SPICE complet est de 6%. / This thesis focuses on different aspects of ”Low Energy Design”. First, reversible logic, as it is the first attempt for low energy computing, is briefly dis- cussed. Then, we focus on dynamic energy saving in the combinational part of CMOS circuits. We propose a new method to reduce glitches based on dual threshold voltage technique. Simulation results report more than 16% average glitch reduction. We also show that combining dual-threshold to gate-sizingtechnique is very interesting for glitch filtering as it brings up to 27 % energy savings. In the third part of this dissertation, we have been interested in sub-threshold operation where the minimum energy can be achieved using a reduced supply voltage. Sub-threshold operation has been an efficient solution for energy-constrained applications with low speed requirements. However, it is very sensitive to process variability which can impact the robustness and effective performance of the circuit. We propose a model valid in sub and near threshold regions in order to correctly estimate the circuit performance in a variability aware analysis. We provide an analytical solution for the optimum supply voltage that minimizes the total energy per operation while considering variability effects. Spice simulations matches the analytical result to within 6%.

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The aim of this thesis is to create project documentation for a low-energy kindergarten in Polerady. The building has one floor with a flat green roof. The layout of the kindergarten is divided into two units, which contain two classes with facilities. The thesis consists of three parts. Part A consists of documentation for the building permission. The kindergarten is designed for 30 children and is divided into two units. Part B consists of the design of building services. The building uses LED lighting, mechanical ventilation with heat recovery, two heat pumps are designed for heating, which are connected to floor heating and hot water tank, on the roof of the building there are 30 photovoltaic panels. The energy produced from the panels is consumed by all appliances in the building. Part C, after creating another building energy performance certificate, compares two types of heat source. The floor heating scheme is created by calculating the heat losses of the rooms, using the DekSoft program.

The thesis deals with the issue of architecture of a contemporary single-family house in The Beskydy region. In the introduction of the thesis The Beskydy region as well as the document of the Protected landscape area of Beskydy (Chráněná krajinná oblast - CHKO Beskydy) are described. In recent years the above mentioned topic has been discussed a lot among the architects and designers of the region. Current architecture in the CHKO Beskydy has been stagnating for years due to the fact that in this region quality architecture of a little higher level will always necessarily be in conflict with the devastating policy of the CHKO Beskydy. The objective of the thesis is to specify rules that need to be observed when creating a contemporary single-family house in the Beskydy region. The design as well as the realization of a single-family house in Prostřední Bečva serves to experimentally verify the thesis. This thesis, including the analysis of the obtained data, collecting information, technical examination and authorized expert opinions, has performed as an important part of the engineering process leading to the approval of architectural projects from the institutions of the state administration.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第20906号 / 理博第4358号 / 新制||理||1625(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)講師 村上 哲也, 教授 永江 知文, 教授 鶴 剛 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Due to desirable emission reductions and population growth, an increasing energy demand isidentified as a dire issue for energy systems. The introduction of low energy building districtsenables an increased energy system efficiency. This study’s aim is twofold. Firstly, an extensive urban building energy model is used to simulatethe yearly use and geographic distribution of the heat demand for residential and commercialbuildings that are to be supplied by a low-temperature district heating system. Two buildingenergy performance cases are studied; one where all buildings are assumed to be of PassiveHouse standard, and one where the building energy performance is in line with conventionalnew-building regulations in Sweden. The study showed that that Passive Houses will generatethe lowest yearly heat demand and that implementation of ventilation heat recovery has a bigimpact. Furthermore, the results showed that a variation of building energy performance mightbe advantageous when planning a new city district with district heating. Secondly, one specific building is in detail modeled as Passive House and according to BBR-standards and simulated in the building energy simulation software IDA ICE to investigate whatbuilding heating system is best suited for low-temperature heat supply. The temperaturedemands for floor heating and low tempered radiators is investigated and compared toconventional water-based radiators. Results showed that floor heating requires lowertemperature’s than low temperature radiators, but both are well suited for low temperaturedistrict heating. The study’s results will be used as an example for future city district planning aswell as presenting relevant heating systems for low-temperature district heating.

Denna rapport beskriver ett kandidatarbete som genomfördes i kursen TDDD96 Kandidatprojekt i programvaruutveckling år 2023. Den produkt som framställdes under projektet är en webbapplikation för felsökning av informationsskyltar via Bluetooth och arbetet genomfördes med en agil arbetsmetodik. Syftet med denna rapport är att förklara hur projektgruppen arbetade under kandidatprojektet och skapade värde för kunden, samt att belysa både tekniska lärdomar och andra erfarenheter som projektgruppen fick under arbetet. Rapporten beskriver överförbar kunskap gällande projektarbeten respektive utveckling med Bluetooth som kan vara användbar i framtida projekt. För att dokumentera erfarenheter, skapa värde för kunden och förbättra arbetsprocessen under projektet genomfördes mätningar, testning, informationssamling, prototypframställning och utvärderingsmöten i form av retrospektiv och en muddy-cards-utvärdering.  Projektgruppen har utvecklat en webbapplikation som använder sig av Web Bluetooth API för att hämta en godtyckligt stor fil givet att användaren skriver in dess sökväg i felsökningsapplikationen. För att skicka filer av godtycklig storlek delas de upp i paket som alla skickas separat. En av de främsta fördelarna med det använda API:t är att ingen nedladdning eller installation krävs men en stor nackdel är att det inte är kompatibelt med alla webbläsare. Vidare har erfarenheter såsom för- och nackdelar med mobbprogrammering, vikten av olika sprintlängder, antal scrum-möten samt uppdelning av arbete dokumenterats. Under projektet har det även visats att en systemanatomi hjälper utvecklare att dela in och se kopplingar mellan olika delar i ett system samt att kundmöten är centrala för att säkerställa att en beställd produkt är av värde för kunden.

The decreasing cost of web-enabled smart devices utilizing embedded processors, sensors, and wireless communication hardware have created an optimal ecosystem for the Internet of Things (IoT). IEEE802.15.4, IEEE802.11ah, WirelessHART, ZigBee Smart Energy, Bluetooth (BT), and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) are amongst the most commonly used wireless standards for IoT systems. Each of these standards has tradeoffs concerning power consumption, range of communication, network formation, security, reliability, and ease of implementation. The most widely used standards for IoT are Bluetooth, BLE, and Zigbee. This paper discusses the vulnerabilities in the implementation of the PHY and link layers of BLE. The link layer defines the scheme for establishing a link between two devices. Scanning devices are able to establish communication with other devices that are sending advertising packets. These advertising packets are sent out in a deterministic fashion. The advertising channels for BLE, specified by the PHY layer, are Channels 37, 38, and 39, at center frequencies 2.402, 2.426, and 2.480 GHz, respectively. This scheme for establishing a connection seems to introduce an unintentional gap in the security of the protocol. Creating and transmitting tones with center frequencies corresponding to those of the advertising channels, a victim BLE device will be unable to establish a connection with another BLE device. Jamming a mesh network of BLE devices relies on this same concept. The proposed jamming system is an inexpensive one which utilizes the following hardware. Three individual synthesizers, a microcontroller (MCU), Wilkinson power combiner, power amplifier, and antenna, integrated on a single PCB, are used to transmit a 3-tone signal. Due to the unprecedented nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, necessary adjustments were made to the jammer system design. In the first modified jamming scheme, a single synthesizer evaluation board, power amplifier, and antenna, are used to transmit jamming tones in the form of a frequency hop. Limitations of the frequency hop approach necessitated a second modified scheme. In this second scheme a synthesizer and two Software Defined Radios (SDR), connected to a personal computer, continuously generate three individual jamming tones. The proposed jammer and the modified ones all classify as constant jammers as the transmission of jamming signals is continuous. Both modified jamming schemes are tested. The results of jamming using the second modified scheme validate the objective of simultaneous jamming of the advertising channels of BLE devices. The success of the modified scheme enables the original goal of creating a relatively inexpensive custom PCB for BLE advertising channel jamming. By exploiting the weakness of the BLE protocol, the hope is to have the governing body for Bluetooth, Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), improve security for the future releases of BLE.