Magister Artium (Psychology) - MA(Psych) / The adolescence period is a time of high risk for health and social problems such as substance use globally and in South Africa. Past research has shown that there is a need to investigate factors such as peer pressure, leisure boredom and substance use as they pose a threat to the social, psychological and physical wellbeing of adolescents in general. Thus, the overall aim of the study is to determine whether peer pressure and leisure boredom influence substance use among adolescents in low-income communities in Cape Town. Accordingly, the current study is guided by the theoretical framework of Jessor’s problem-behaviour theory. This exploratory study employed a correlational research design. The measurement tools included the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test, the Resistance to Peer Influence measure and the Leisure Boredom Scale. Non-probability sampling was used to select 296 adolescents between the ages 16 – 18 years from schools located in two low-income communities. Data analysis techniques included descriptive statistics, t-test, linear regression and multiple regression. Linear regression revealed that leisure boredom is not a significant predictor of substance use whereas peer pressure is a significant predictor of substance use. Multiple regression showed that the combined influence of peer pressure and leisure boredom predicted substance use, while peer pressure emerged as a stronger predictor than leisure boredom of substance use among adolescents. Gender did not moderate the relationship between peer pressure, leisure boredom and substance use among adolescents

This research explores the potential role of intermediaries in the implementation of socioeconomic development (SED) benefits through the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Programme (REIPPPP) in low-income communities. SED benefits are a procurement requirement that forms part of REIPPPP's Economic Development scorecard and are required to be implemented in identified beneficiary communities, with the aim of improving livelihoods in such communities. Literature points to the fact that, community development is not a function of the private sector and that intermediaries can have success in partnering with communities in their quest for development. This research is approached through a qualitative inductive study of a case study. The case study is Project90by2030, a not-for-profit organisation (NPO) and public benefit organisation (PBO) that is focused on the mobilisation of and advocacy for clean energy in energy poor lowincome communities. The research pays attention to the organisation's community development approach and what possible learning benefits there could be for the REIPPPP. Interviews were held with community participants and facilitators of the Community Partnership Programme of the organisation. The research finds that low-income communities experience exclusion and inequality and identifies the agents of the said exclusion and inequality. This thesis argues that intermediaries can play an important role to bridge inequality of agency and other power dynamics that work to the detriment of the empowerment of low-income communities. It concludes that socio-economic community development is a contribution to society that business should pursue, with the support of intermediaries and with local government as a key strategic partner.

Thesis (MEdPsych)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The contexts of the experiences of teachers in South Africa, particularly in communities with low income levels, seem to invite meanings of hopelessness. These meanings appear to be supported by dominant discourses that could determine and limit the practices or actions of these teachers. Within these contexts, however, there are teachers whose actions, reflections or motivations suggest the possibility of alternative or preferred meanings that may be marginalised or silenced by dominant discourses of hopelessness. The theoretical framework that provided the foundation for this study was social constructionism, which argues that meaning is constructed through social interaction and that there is no underlying or objective reality that can be revealed through observation or experience. An understanding of this social construction of meaning allows for the construction of alternative or preferred meanings by individuals or groups in contexts where dominant discourses do not serve their best interests. The aim of the research was therefore to explore and describe the meanings that the participants make of their experiences as teachers in a primary school in Cape Town in a community where low income levels are prevalent. The study further aimed to describe how these teachers experience contextual factors and how these factors contribute to their meaning-making. Furthermore, the purpose of the study was to explore local knowledge in the form of actions, motivations and reflections of the teachers that suggest possibilities for alternative or preferred meanings. In keeping with the social constructionist nature of the study, a qualitative, interpretivist research approach was used. Participants were selected through purposive sampling and focus group discussions were used to generate data. Digital audio recordings were made of the group sessions, which were then transcribed and analysed using the constant comparative method. The research findings indicated that the teachers who participated in the study experienced various contextual factors that contributed to their meaning-making. Their experiences of most of these factors were described in similar ways to comparable contextual factors as portrayed in the literature. Furthermore, these contextual factors were linked by the teachers, and dominantly in the literature, to meanings that could be summarised as hopelessness. However, alongside these meanings, the teachers gave rich or detailed descriptions of a range of actions, reflections and motivations that suggest possible alternative or preferred meanings to the hopelessness that their context seems to invite, and that dominant discourses in the literature appear to portray. These findings led to recommendations that were centred largely on meeting some of the support needs of teachers and children in communities with low income levels. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Onderwysers se ervarings in Suid-Afrika, veral in gemeenskappe met ‘n lae inkomstevlak, word belewe binne kontekste wat lyk asof dit die betekenisse van hopeloosheid ontlok. Hierdie betekenisse word blykbaar deur dominante diskoerse ondersteun, wat hierdie onderwysers se werksaamheid of optrede kan bepaal en beperk. Binne hierdie kontekste is daar egter onderwysers wie se handelinge, nadenke of motivering die moontlikheid van alternatiewe of verkieslike betekenisse aandui, maar wat gemarginaliseer of stilgemaak kan word deur die dominante diskoerse van hopeloosheid. Die teoretiese raamwerk wat die grondslag vir hierdie studie verskaf het, was sosiale konstruksionisme, wat daarop dui dat betekenis deur sosiale interaksie gekonstrueer word en dat daar geen onderliggende of objektiewe realiteit is wat deur waarneming of ervaring geopenbaar kan word nie. ‘n Begrip van die sosiale konstruksie van betekenis maak voorsiening vir die konstruksie van alternatiewe of verkieslike betekenisse deur individue of groepe binne kontekste waar dominante diskoerse nie hul beste belange dien nie. Die doel van die navorsing was daarom om die betekenisse wat die deelnemers, as onderwysers in ‘n laerskool in Kaapstad binne ‘n gemeenskap met lae inkomste, aan hul ervarings heg, te verken en te beskryf. Die studie was verder daarop gemik om te beskryf hoe hierdie onderwysers kontekstuele faktore ervaar en hoe hierdie faktore ‘n bydrae lewer tot hoe hulle betekenis skep. ‘n Verdere doel van die studie was om plaaslike kennis in die gedaante van die optrede, motivering en nadenke van onderwysers, waardeur moontlike alternatiewe of verkieslike betekenisse na vore kom, te verken. Vanweë die sosiaal-konstruksionistiese aard van die studie, is ‘n kwalitatiewe, interpretiewe navorsingsbenadering as navorsingsmetodologie vir hierdie studie gebruik. ‘n Doelgerigte steekproef is gebruik om potensiële deelnemers te identifiseer en data is deur middel van fokusgroeponderhoude gegenereer. Digitale oudio-opnames van die fokusgroeponderhoude is getranskribeer en is met gebruik van die konstante vergelykende metode ontleed. Die navorsingsbevindings het aangedui dat die onderwysers wat aan hierdie studie deelgeneem het, verskillende kontekstuele faktore belewe wat bydra tot die betekenis wat deur hulle geskep word. Hulle belewenis van die meeste van hierdie faktore is op soortgelyke wyse beskryf as vergelykbare kontekstuele faktore wat in die literatuur bespreek word. Hierdie kontekstuele faktore is verder deur die onderwysers en in die literatuur aan betekenisse wat as hopeloosheid beskryf kan word, gekoppel. Naas hierdie betekenisse het die onderwysers egter ook ryk of gedetailleerde beskrywings van ‘n reeks handelinge, nadenkings en motiverings gebied wat moontlike alternatiewe of verkose betekenisse bied tot die hopeloosheid wat deur hulle konteks uitgelok word en deur die dominante diskoerse in die literatuur uitgebeeld word. Die navorsingsbevindings het gelei tot aanbevelings wat hoofsaaklik daarop gerig is om in sommige van die behoeftes aan ondersteuning wat deur onderwysers en kinders in gemeenskappe met lae inkomstevlakke ervaar word, te voorsien.

The research followed up a local development initiative in Maracaibo, Venezuela, named Programa Promoción de la Ciudadanía Plena (Promotion of Full Citizenship Program), a joint initiative that has sought to bring the population of low-income communities to the sphere of citizen participation with a revaluation of citizenship and the promotion of participation. The research included first, a preliminary bibliographical review of the theoretical framework to understand the significance of citizenship and participation at the community level and the implications of organizational development and self-improvement approaches in development projects and institutions, and second, the review of the principles of the local program and the social-economic data of the four communities considered in the study. The results of a preliminary survey (secondary data provided by the municipality) of adult heads of household from the four communities, who openly expressed to the institutions their interest in participating and benefiting from the program, and the passive observation of local meetings and workshops in the communities contributed to the analysis. A series of open-ended interviews to facilitators (3 individuals) were conducted in 2006 in order to assess the facilitator's identification with the program's objectives and the possible bond between the learning assumptions and their personal experiences while working in these communities. That same year, a final series of open-ended interviews to a sample group of 39 beneficiaries (30% of the group that successfully completed the citizenship and technical education), provided the input to assess the impact of the program in the motivation of people toward participation and self-improvement. In these events, information was extracted, which contributed to the evaluation of people's expectations and attitudes, as they differed or not from the initial condition. A methodological guideline, in the form of field notes and questionnaires, was needed to address and manage conversation and dialogue. Following an interpretive and constructivist approach, evidence was inferred from the logic of the narratives gathered in meetings and interviews, and a coded frequency of responses. Findings suggest that the initiative strengthened local people's empowerment by involving them in the collaborative identification of problems and issues affecting their lives, in all activities planned to tie the relationship among stakeholders, and in every recognition and public ceremony. People's improvement depended on economic growth, but it was necessary that beneficiaries develop and exercise their capacities, abilities, knowledge, information and motivation, which were necessary conditions to improve the quality of life of local residents, and consequently, to strengthen the local social capital. Project agents did it with a respectful dialogue in the decision-making concerning the design and construction proposal, and recognizing people's own capacities, which assured collaboration and feedback. People did not participate unless they believed that an interest or individual benefit was possible; and for them, the immediate interest was economic. People associated changes to the following values --from high to low frequency of response: being more confident, reaching mutual support, improving communication, strengthening unity, consciousness, and achieving better social relations. Empowerment of the individual as head of household was strengthened by his or her involvement in the collaborative identification of household limitations and housing-related issues. Nevertheless, beyond the individual and household levels, the success of the educational strategy was not sufficiently effective to reach changes on people's attitude and motivation to confront and interact in the solution of community-related issues, but the increase of 6 percent in this indicator indicated that change was possible but required the sustainability of the educational approach in the communities. By the time the field research ended, a perceivable empowerment and partnership approach, with all the complex administrative and intellectual assumptions, guided Ciudadanía Plena toward its set goals. The attention and dedication in the four barrios were based on the need to materialize an ideal that was expected to expand in order to reach more communities in the near future. The transparency, the material incentive and the citizenship education to achieve self-improvement and empowerment were key elements to achieve change and improvement. / text

A proposta deste trabalho é de criar receita e renda para comunidades de baixa renda e, de certa forma chamar a atenção da sociedade para esta necessidade, ou seja, a de gerar mecanismos de melhoria da renda familiar. Através dos Postos de Troca, as pessoas residentes em comunidades atendidas pelo Programa Comunidade Eficiente, administrado pela Light junto a ANEEL, poderão trocar seus recicláveis por descontos em suas contas de energia elétrica. Os resíduos sólidos recicláveis possíveis por uma família de comunidade de baixa renda têm potencialidade em torno de 11,69 kg /mês, tendo sido estimada uma receita mensal por família de R$1,30. Este valor representa 40% da tarifa mínima cobrada pela Light, que é muito usual para esta classe de clientes. A viabilidade de implantação dos Postos de troca pode ser possível desde que haja um prazo mínimo para retorno do investimento de pelo menos 24 meses. / The proposal of this project is to create financial revenue for low-income communities and somehow look at this reality of the particular society and this need, or in another words, to generate income improvement mechanisms. Through the Recycling Exchange Stations, people residing in communities served by Efficient Community Program, administered by Light next to a ANEEL will be able to change its recycle waste for discounting in its bills of electric energy. The solid residues recyclable possible for a family of low income community has potentiality around 11,69 kg /month, having been estimate a monthly financial revenue for family of R$1,30. This value represents 40% of the minimum tariff charged by the Light, which is very usual for this class of customers. The viability of implantation of the Recycling Exchange Stations can be possible since that it has a minimum stated period for return of the investment of at least 24 months.

A proposta deste trabalho é de criar receita e renda para comunidades de baixa renda e, de certa forma chamar a atenção da sociedade para esta necessidade, ou seja, a de gerar mecanismos de melhoria da renda familiar. Através dos Postos de Troca, as pessoas residentes em comunidades atendidas pelo Programa Comunidade Eficiente, administrado pela Light junto a ANEEL, poderão trocar seus recicláveis por descontos em suas contas de energia elétrica. Os resíduos sólidos recicláveis possíveis por uma família de comunidade de baixa renda têm potencialidade em torno de 11,69 kg /mês, tendo sido estimada uma receita mensal por família de R$1,30. Este valor representa 40% da tarifa mínima cobrada pela Light, que é muito usual para esta classe de clientes. A viabilidade de implantação dos Postos de troca pode ser possível desde que haja um prazo mínimo para retorno do investimento de pelo menos 24 meses. / The proposal of this project is to create financial revenue for low-income communities and somehow look at this reality of the particular society and this need, or in another words, to generate income improvement mechanisms. Through the Recycling Exchange Stations, people residing in communities served by Efficient Community Program, administered by Light next to a ANEEL will be able to change its recycle waste for discounting in its bills of electric energy. The solid residues recyclable possible for a family of low income community has potentiality around 11,69 kg /month, having been estimate a monthly financial revenue for family of R$1,30. This value represents 40% of the minimum tariff charged by the Light, which is very usual for this class of customers. The viability of implantation of the Recycling Exchange Stations can be possible since that it has a minimum stated period for return of the investment of at least 24 months.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-05-09T19:49:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabio Antunes Possato.pdf: 865014 bytes, checksum: 1c52dfbe4b0ca4066e57d2b813ae5260 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-09T19:49:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabio Antunes Possato.pdf: 865014 bytes, checksum: 1c52dfbe4b0ca4066e57d2b813ae5260 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-22 / The auto-composition of conflict has direct impact on social peace and violence prevention. To analyze the impacts of utilization of the auto-compositive mechanisms and its importance for low-income communities is a central goal of this dissertation. The development of this research is made by the systemic way and by the documental bibliography, understanding the conflict as a social fact which requires proper treatment for the balance of social relations, in particular the conflicts unleashed in excluded communities and low-income communities. In this same approach, this research studies the auto-composition mechanisms of dispute resolution, namely the negotiation, conciliation and mediation, checking its suitability to the characteristics of these social strata and the reflections of the use of these techniques in social peace and prevent violence. Utilizing the systemic method of research, beyond the technical literature and documents, we conclude the effectiveness of auto-composition conflict in low-income communities to promote social peace and prevent violence by strengthening community relationships and individuals empowerment, promoting their awareness and give them some tools to manage future disputes, which can be already checked by public policies already in progress in Brazil, but still in small proportion. / A autocomposição de conflitos tem reflexos diretos na pacificação social e na prevenção da violência. Entretanto, analisar os reflexos de seu emprego e sua importância para as comunidades de baixa renda constitui o objetivo central desta dissertação. O desenvolvimento do tema acontece de forma sistêmica e por meio de pesquisas documentais, entendendo o conflito como fato social que requer tratamento adequado para o equilíbrio das relações sociais, em especial os conflitos deflagrados em comunidades de excluídos, comunidades de baixa renda, para, sob esse mesmo enfoque, estudar os meios autocompositivos de solução de controvérsias, quais sejam a negociação, a conciliação e a mediação, verificando sua adequação às características desses extratos sociais e os reflexos do emprego dessas técnicas na pacificação social e na prevenção da violência. Utilizando-se do método sistêmico de pesquisa, além da técnica da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, conclui-se pela efetividade da autocomposição de conflitos em comunidades de baixa renda, por promover a pacificação social e prevenir a violência ao fortalecer as relações comunitárias e empoderar os indivíduos, propiciando sua conscientização e capacitando-os para gerir futuras controvérsias, o que pode ser constatado pelas políticas pública que já se encontram em andamento, porém reduzidas, no Brasil.

Designing for Social Impact is an approach of social sustainability that presents an alternative way to improve living conditions in low income communities, of low income countries, by providing solutions that will enable them to meet their basic needs. Some current methods and tools used by social designers are focused on specific social aspects and often fail to engage communities to participate actively in the design processes. A non-linear Design Research Method was used to engage experts from the Design for Social Impact sector, Product Service System “PSS”, and social designers. A case study based in Gambia was used to study if “PSS” could encourage social designers to co-design with these communities as a way to promote positive solutions. Thus, strategic actions were collected from the research findings as a way to promote co-designing with involved stakeholders in low income communities. / ING/School of Engineering +46 455 38 50 00

[pt] Esta pesquisa investiga as possibilidades de utilização de sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados à rede (SFCR) em comunidades de baixa renda, com o objetivo de compreender como esses sistemas podem ser empregados como ferramentas para promover a inclusão social. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é analisar o uso de SFCR em comunidades de baixa renda no Brasil, buscando entender como esses sistemas podem promover a inclusão social e impulsionar a transição energética justa. Além disso, este estudo explora a conexão entre o uso de SFCR e o conceito de tecnologia social. Para enriquecer e aprofundar a pesquisa, adotou-se o método de pesquisa bibliográfica e análise documental com abordagem qualitativa. Conduziu-se uma extensa busca em diferentes bases de dados, como o SciELO, plataforma Capes e Google Acadêmico, com o objetivo de localizar materiais pertinentes e atualizados para embasar o estudo de forma consistente e abrangente. Os projetos selecionados para a análise documental foram a REVOLUSOLAR e SOLAR PILAR, ambas situadas no Rio de Janeiro. Foram coletados dados documentais e informações oficiais fornecidas pelos projetos, com o intuito de compreender suas estruturas, operações e abordagens de implementação. A análise foi conduzida em consonância com a Matriz de Avaliação Multidimensional, permitindo identificar como esses projetos estavam alinhados com os conceitos estudados. Assim, por meio da análise documental, foi possível investigar como esses projetos incorporaram os princípios de tecnologia social, economia social, transição energética justa e autogestão comunitária, contribuindo para uma compreensão mais aprofundada da aplicação prática desses conceitos em contextos reais. Portanto, o uso do SFCR em processos interativos com a participação das comunidades para solucionar problemas locais foi uma estratégia versátil, adaptada a diferentes projetos. No Brasil, as políticas públicas nacionais, tradicionalmente focadas em educação, saúde, complemento de renda e habitação, visaram atender urgências e obter reconhecimento político. Entretanto, projetos relacionados a matrizes renováveis permaneceram considerados alternativos, geralmente experimentais e localizados, com crescimento lento devido ao seu impacto limitado. A análise de dois projetos existentes evidenciou que, apesar de incentivos sociais e tarifários, o Brasil ainda carecia de políticas públicas para uma transição energética justa, demandando maior atenção a abordagens como as apresentadas na pesquisa. O Programa de Energia Renovável Social (PERS) destaca-se como uma oportunidade para avanços significativos no uso de SFCR em comunidades de baixa renda, promovendo inclusão social na transição energética. Para o sucesso do PERS, é fundamental que as políticas públicas se concentrassem nas comunidades mais carentes, promovendo autogestão e empreendedorismo comunitário, com a formação de cooperativas de energia renovável e o fornecimento de treinamento para gestão autônoma dos sistemas de energia renovável. / [en] This research investigates the possibilities of using grid-connected photovoltaic systems (SFCR) in low-income communities, aiming to comprehend how these systems can be employed as tools to promote social inclusion. The overall objective of the research is to analyze the use of SFCR in low-income communities in Brazil, seeking to understand how these systems can foster social inclusion and drive a fair energy transition. Additionally, this study explores the connection between the use of SFCR and the concept of social technology. To enrich and deepen the research, the methodology of bibliographic research and documentary analysis with a qualitative approach was adopted. An extensive search was conducted across different databases such as SciELO, Capes platform, and Google Scholar, with the aim of locating relevant and updated materials to support the study consistently and comprehensively. The selected companies for documentary analysis were REVOLUSOLAR and SOLAR PILAR, both located in Rio de Janeiro. Documentary data and official information provided by the projects were collected to understand their structures, operations, and implementation approaches. The analysis was carried out in accordance with the Multidimensional Evaluation Matrix, allowing the identification of how these projects aligned with the studied concepts. Through documentary analysis, it was possible to investigate how these projects incorporated the principles of social technology, social economy, fair energy transition, and community self-management, contributing to a deeper understanding of the practical application of these concepts in real contexts. Therefore, the use of SFCR in interactive processes involving community participation to solve local issues proved to be a versatile strategy, adaptable to different projects. In Brazil, national public policies, traditionally focused on education, health, income supplementation, and housing, aimed to address urgencies and gain political recognition. However, projects related to renewable matrices remained considered alternative, often experimental and localized, with slow growth due to their limited impact. The analysis of two existing projects revealed that, despite social and tariff incentives, Brazil still lacked public policies for a fair energy transition, requiring greater attention to approaches presented in the research. The Renewable Social Energy Program (PERS) stood out as an opportunity for significant advancements in the use of SFCR in low-income communities, promoting social inclusion in the energy transition. For the success of PERS, it was crucial for public policies to focus on the most vulnerable communities, promoting community self-management and entrepreneurship through the formation of renewable energy cooperatives and providing training for the autonomous management of renewable energy systems.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Violence is considered a global mental health problem. The rate of violence in South Africa is amongst the highest in the world and much of this violence is disproportionately skewed towards the poorer and historically disadvantaged communities. Low-income communities continue to bear the brunt of historical legacies of violence which are perpetuated through current ongoing cycles of interpersonal and community violence. While much has been documented about trauma and resilience in environments where the violence or traumatic event has ceased, there is a dearth of literature conceptualising trauma and resilience in contexts where the violence persists. Furthermore, even fewer studies have captured how trauma and resilience are conceptualised from the perspectives of the voices who experience this violence daily. The social constructionist framework of this study aims to contribute to the knowledge of how trauma and resilience is constructed by those who experience ongoing violence, and whether resilience and healing does occur in an environment of continuous traumatic stress. The voices of the participants of the study provide an additional perspective from that of community-based counsellors. Their dual experience of living and working in a violent community gives a rich insight into the relationship between trauma and resilience. The study is located in Hanover Park, a low-income community, notorious for its high levels of community violence. The participants are community-based counsellors who volunteer at Organisation X, a community-based ecological intervention that has been developed in response to addressing the cyclical impacts of ongoing violence and continuous trauma. The research design is a purposive in-depth case study of eighteen counsellors, investigating the narratives of their lives within its real-life context. Follow-up focus groups held with the counsellors were guided by ideas and practices of narrative theory. The narratives were analysed using thematic content and experience-centred form analysis. Multi-level themes related to trauma and resilience were constructed by the participants. It was revealed that the trauma effects related to systemic ongoing violence are viewed as maladaptive features of negative resilience. At the same time positive resilience which promotes healing, empowerment and transformation is possible despite negative and violent environments. The perspectives of community counsellors which offer critically important insight into their experience of the context of violence, and the complex interconnecting of individual, interpersonal and social aspects of trauma and healing in disadvantaged communities, could also inform future evidence-based interventions, provide alternate paradigms within which mental health professionals could position themselves to engage in issues of social justice and psychosocial health. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geweld word wêreldwyd as 'n geestesgesondheidsprobleem beskou. Die voorkoms van geweld in Suid-Afrika, is tans een van die hoogstes in die wêreld en die meeste van hierdie geweld neig om veral die armer en histories benadeelde gemeenskappe negatief te raak. Gemeenskappe in die laer inkomstegroepe is dus die mense wat die spit afbyt, omdat hierdie historiese nalatenskap van geweld deur die huidige voortdurende kringloop van interpersoonlike en gemeenskapsgeweld voortleef. Alhoewel daar alreeds baie dokumentêre bewyse bestaan oor trauma en veerkragtigheid in omgewings waar geweld of traumatiese gebeure beëindig is, is daar 'n gebrek aan literatuur wat trauma en veerkragtigheid vasvang waar geweld die orde van die dag is. Daar is verder nog minder studies wat vaslê hoe trauma en veerkragtigheid uit die oogpunt van die betrokkenes wat geweld daagliks ervaar, gekonseptualiseer word. Die sosiale konstruksionisme raamwerk van hierdie studie beoog om 'n bydrae te lewer oor hoe , indien wel, trauma en genesing beleef word deur diegene wat voortdurende geweld ervaar in 'n omgewing waar aanhoudende traumatiese stres voorkom. Die deelnemers aan hierdie studie verskaf 'n addisionele perspektief van die van gemeenskapsberaders. Hul tweeledige ervaring van leef en werk in 'n gewelddadige gemeenskap verskaf 'n dieper insig in die verhouding tussen trauma en veerkragtigheid. Die buurt waar die studie gedoen is, is Hanover-park - 'n lae inkomste gemeenskap wat berug is vir hoe vlakke van gemeenskapsgeweld. Die deelnemers is beraders uit die gemeenskap wat vrywillige werk doen by Organisasie X - 'n gemeenskapsgebaseerde ekologiese intervensie wat ontwikkel is om die sikliese impak van voortdurende geweld en trauma te verminder. Die navorsingstudie is 'n doelgerigte diepgaande gevallestudie van agtien beraders wat hul lewensverhale binne die werklike konteks ondersoek. Die beraders het die opvolg fokus-groepe gelei deur idees en die narratiewe teorie in die praktyk toe te pas. Die vertellings is geanaliseer deur gebruik te maak van die tematiese inhoud en 'n ervarings-gesentreerde analitiese formaat. Veelvlakkige temas wat verband hou met trauma en veerkragtigheid is deur die deelnemers saamgestel. Dit het aan die lig gebring dat die effek van trauma wat verband hou met voortdurende sistemiese geweld geag word as wanaangepaste kenmerke van negatiewe veerkragtigheid. Terselfdertyd is die positiewe veerkragtigheid wat genesing, bemagtiging en verandering evorder moontlik, ten spyte van negatiewe en gewelddadige omgewings. Die vooruitsigte van die gemeenskapsberaders wat belangrike en kritiese insig in hul ervarings binne geweldsverband bied, die ingewikkelde verbondenheid van die indiwiduele, interpersoonlike en sosiale aspekte van trauma en genesing in benadeelde gemeenskappe kan insiggewend wees vir toekomstige ingryping. Dit kan alternatiewe modelle voorsien waarvolgens beroepslui in die geestesgesondheidveld hulself kan inrig om kwessies van sosiale geregtigheid en psigo-sosiale gesondheids-toestande aan te spreek.