Neste trabalho investigou-se o revestimento protetor nitreto de titânio com a incorporação de dissulfeto de molibdênio como lubrificante sólido, visando aplicação em peças e ferramentas de corte na indústria metal-mecânica. Este revestimento foi obtido na forma de filme fino pela técnica de magnetron sputtering reativo modificando a quantidade de MoS2 de 2,9 a 40,3 % . As propriedades estruturais, físico-químicas, morfológicas, mecânicas e elementares foram analisadas observando a variação na quantidade de dissulfeto de molibdênio nos filmes finos. Estas propriedades foram analisadas por diferentes métodos, tais como espectrometria de retroespalhamento Rutherford, espectroscopia de fotoelétrons induzidos por raios X, difração de raios X de ângulo rasante, nanoindentação e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. O MET revela que o composto MoS2 está estruturado na forma de partículas formadas durante a deposição na matriz de TiN. As análises de XPS revelam apenas ligações químicas de Ti-N, Mo-S e não o composto Ti-S pôde ser detectado. Na análise de DRX pode ser observado que em quantidades de MoS2 superiores a 40% sugere um stress compressivo e trativo entre os grãos de MoS2 e TiN causando um deslocamento dos picos para ambas as estruturas. Com o desgaste mecânico não se observou nenhuma modificação nos resultados de XPS e DRX. As propriedades mecânicas tiveram melhores resultados para amostras que contém o percentual de MoS2 abaixo de 12%. / In this study we investigated the protective coating of titanium nitride using incorporation of molybdenum disulfide as a solid lubricant, seeking application in parts and cutting tools in the metal working industry. This coating was obtained in the form of thin film by dc magnetron reactive sputtering technique. The structural, physicochemical, morphological, mechanical and quantitative elemental analysis were observing the different amounts of molybdenum disulfide in thin films (2,9 to 40,3%). These properties were analyzed using different methods such as Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, photoelectron spectroscopy induced by X-rays, X-ray diffraction, nanoindentation and transmission electron microscopy. TEM reveals a MoS2 compound structured as clusters formed during depositions into TiN matrix; XPS analysis show just Ti-N and Mo-s chemical bindings and no Ti-S compound could be detected; XRD analysis can be observed that amounts of MoS2 over 40% suggests a compressive stress and tractive between the grains of TiN and MoS2 causing a shift of the peaks for both structures. With the mechanical stress that there was no change in the results of XPS and XRD. The mechanical properties showed best results for samples containing a value of MoS2 below 12%.

Friction and wear mitigation is typically accomplished by introducing a shear accommodating layer (e.g., a thin film of liquid) between surfaces in sliding and/or rolling contacts. When the operating conditions are beyond the liquid realm, attention turns to solid coatings. Solid lubricants have been widely used in governmental and industrial applications for mitigation of wear and friction (tribological properties). Conventional examples of solid lubricants are MoS2, WS2, h-BN, and graphite; however, these and some others mostly perform best only for a limited range of operating conditions, e.g. ambient air versus dry nitrogen and room temperature versus high temperatures. Conversely, lubricious oxides have been studied lately as good potential candidates for solid lubricants because they are thermodynamically stable and environmentally robust. Oxide surfaces are generally inert and typically do not form strong adhesive bonds like metals/alloys in tribological contacts. Typical of these oxides is ZnO. The interest in ZnO is due to its potential for utility in a variety of applications. To this end, nanolaminates of ZnO, Al2O3, ZrO2 thin films have been deposited at varying sequences and thicknesses on silicon substrates and high temperature (M50) bearing steels by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The top lubricious, nanocrystalline ZnO layer was structurally-engineered to achieve low surface energy {0002}-orientated grain that provided low sliding friction coefficients (0.2 to 0.3), wear factors (range of 10-7 to 10-8 mm3/Nm) and good rolling contact fatigue resistance. The Al2O3 was intentionally made amorphous to achieve the {0002} preferred orientation while {101}-orientated tetragonal ZrO2 acted as a high toughness/load bearing layer. It was determined that the ZnO defective structure (oxygen sub-stoichiometric with growth stacking faults) aided in shear accommodation by re-orientating the nanocrystalline grains where they realigned to create new friction-reducing surfaces. Specifically, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) inside the wear surfaces revealed in an increase in both partial dislocation and basal stacking fault densities through intrafilm shear/slip of partial dislocations on the (0002) planes via a dislocation glide mechanism. This shear accommodation mode mitigated friction and prevented brittle fracture classically observed in higher friction microcrystalline and single crystal ZnO that has potential broad implications to other defective nanocrystalline ceramics. Overall, this work has demonstrated that environmentally-robust, lubricious ALD nanolaminates of ZnO/Al2O3/ZrO2 are good candidates for providing low friction and wear interfaces in moving mechanical assembles, such as fully assembled rolling element bearings and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) that require thin (~10-200 nm), uniform and conformal films.

(néant) / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Resumo: No processo de retificação e utilização de fluidos de corte é uma maneira de implementar a qualidade final ao processo, pois os fluidos têm como finalidade a lubrificação na área de contato entre a peça e ferramenta e a refrigeração das superfícies, assim evitando danificações na superfície da peça. Com isso, a utilização de fluidos de corte tem sido constantemente estudada, visando diminuir a utilização deste, pois a utilização de fluidos de corte tem seus problemas. O custo do produto final aumenta consideravelmente com o uso de fluidos de corte no processo de retificação, além de que os fluidos de corte são substâncias tóxicas e nocivas tanto às pessoas quanto ao meio ambiente. Portanto indústrias, universidades e centro de pesquisas são levados a pesquisar métodos alternativos menos prejudiciais ao meio ambiente. Dentre as alternativas surge e técnica da mínima quantidade de lubrificante (MQL), que também tem suas desvantagens, como por exemplo, a formação de uma borra de óleo na superfície de corte do rebolo, o que gera uma rugosidade maior na peça. Porém, visando minimizar esse problema podem ser usados jatos de ar comprimido incidindo na superfície de corte do rebolo, com o objetivo de limpar a superfície de corte do rebolo, com o objetivo de limpar a superfície do rebolo. Dessa forma, avaliou-se a eficiência desse sistema de ar comprimido para a limpeza e pôde-se verificar que, a utilização da limpeza juntamente com a técnica do MQL, torna-se viável, pois de uma maneira geral a técnica do MQL com limpeza obteve melhores resultados na qualidade da peça e desgaste da ferramenta, em relação ao MQL sem limpeza. A limpeza com um ângulo tangente à superfície do rebolo foi a condição de limpeza que obteve melhores resultados para a limpeza o que comprova que a melhoria na técnica do... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In grinding process the use of cutting fluids is a way to implement the final quality of the process because the fluids are intended for the lubrication in the contact area between the work piece, the tool and the cooling of the surfaces avoiding damages on the work piece surface. However, the use of cutting fluids has been constantly studied in order to reduce its use since this practice brings a lot of problems about. The final product cost increases considerably along with the use of cuting fluids in gringing process, besides those substances are toxic and harmful to people and to the environment as well. Therefore, industries, universities and research center have been taken as sites for investigating less harmfulll alternative methods to the environment. Among such alternatives comes up of minimum quantify of lubricant technique (MQL), which also has some disadvantages, such as the formation of oil sludge on the cut surface of the wheel, which creates a greater surface roughness on the work piece. However, in order to minimize this problem compressed air jets can be used focusing on the cut surface of the wheel, in order to clean it. Thus, we could evaluated the effectiveness of that compressed air system used for cleaning, and it was possible to observe that the use of cleaning with the MQL technique is feasible because from a general view the use of the MQL technique in the cleaning process showed better results in the quality of the work piece and wornout of the tool comparing to the to the MQL with no cleaning. The cleaning with a tangent angle to the surface of the wheel was the condition of cleanliness that showed better results for the cleanliness which proves that the improvements for the MQL techniques does not lead to significant results compared to the conventional technique. However, the MQL technique with cleanliness has its... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Eduardo Carlos Bianchi / Coorientador: Anselmo Eduardo Diniz / Banca: Carlos Elias da Silva Junior / Banca: Celso Naves de Souza / Mestre

O presente trabalho discute o comportamento tribológico do politetrafluoretileno (PTFE), polímero amplamente utilizado na indústria em inúmeras aplicações tribológicas sem lubrificação, de onde se pode destacar sua utilização em mancais de deslizamento. Fez-se uma revisão bibliográfica buscando entender quais os principais parâmetros que influenciam o atrito cinético e os mecanismos que operam em polímeros. Foram realizados, ensaios de longa duração, em uma máquina de atrito cinético, desenvolvida e construída no Laboratório de Superfícies e Contato (LASC) da UTFPR, na qual uma bucha polimérica desliza, sem lubrificação, sobre um eixo metálico. Esta condição simula a aplicação real do PTFE como mancal de deslizamento. Tais procedimentos experimentais são fundamentais para a completa análise das características e do desempenho dos materiais poliméricos em aplicações tribológicas, que normalmente se mostram de maneira complexa. Nos ensaios observou-se que os parâmetros de coeficiente de atrito cinético e de temperatura estabilizam após 80 minutos. Sendo que o primeiro parâmetro diminuiu com incrementos de carregamento normal. Já a temperatura manteve proporcionalidade com o produto do coeficiente de atrito cinético e da raiz quadrada da força normal aplicada. Realizaram-se análises das superfícies, antes e após ensaios, através de técnicas de Interferometria de luz branca, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, FTIR e DSC. Observou-se que os mecanismos de desgaste que operaram foram: o adesivo e o abrasivo, sendo que houve domínio do primeiro. As superfícies do aço inoxidável tiveram alterações sutis, enquanto as superfícies do PTFE sofreram modificações drásticas. Os valores da taxa de desgaste mássico média do PTFE foi proporcional à raiz quadrada da força normal aplicada e o coeficiente adimensional de desgaste de Archard para o sistema teve aproximação satisfatória com os valores disponíveis na literatura. Verificou-se que as partículas de desgaste geradas se mesclaram formando filmes multicamadas, os quais foram expulsos do contato com a sequência do ensaio. Estes filmes multicamadas apresentam aspecto translúcido, aumento do grau de cristalinidade em relação ao material original e alterações nos espectros de infravermelho. Estas alterações sugerem a ocorrência de substituições de flúor por hidrogênio na estrutura do PTFE durante os ensaios. / This work discusses the tribological behavior of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a polymer widely used in industry for many tribological applications without lubrication, from where you can highlight its use as plain bearings. A literature review was done to understand the main parameters that influence kinetic friction and wear of polymers and the wear mechanisms that operate in these materials. Long tests duration were conducted on a machine of kinetic friction, developed and built at the Laboratory for Surface and Contact (LASC) UTFPR, in which a polymer bushing slides without lubrication on a metal shaft. This condition simulates a real application of PTFE as bearing. These experimental procedures are fundamental to the complete analysis of the characteristics and performance of polymeric materials in tribological applications, which usually show a complex behavior. In the tests was observed that the parameters of kinetic friction coefficient and temperature stabilized after 80 minutes. The first parameter decreased with the normal load and the temperature, in its turn, kept proportional with the product of kinetic coefficient of friction and the square root of the applied normal force. Analyses were performed on the surfaces, before and after tests, using techniques of white light interferometry, scanning electron microscopy, FTIR and DSC. It was found that the wear mechanisms which operated were: adhesive and abrasive, and the first one was dominant. The stainless steel surfaces had subtle changes, while the PTFE surfaces had drastic changes. The values for the PTFE mass wear rate were proportional to the square root of the applied normal force and the dimensionless coefficient of wear for the system had satisfactory approximation to the values available in the literature. It was found that the wear particles merged in multilayer films. These multilayer films were expelled from contact with the test sequence and exhibit translucent appearance, increasing the degree of crystallinity than the material and changes in the infrared spectra. These changes suggest the substitutions occurrence of fluorine for hydrogen in the structure of PTFE during tests.

O presente trabalho discute o comportamento tribológico do politetrafluoretileno (PTFE), polímero amplamente utilizado na indústria em inúmeras aplicações tribológicas sem lubrificação, de onde se pode destacar sua utilização em mancais de deslizamento. Fez-se uma revisão bibliográfica buscando entender quais os principais parâmetros que influenciam o atrito cinético e os mecanismos que operam em polímeros. Foram realizados, ensaios de longa duração, em uma máquina de atrito cinético, desenvolvida e construída no Laboratório de Superfícies e Contato (LASC) da UTFPR, na qual uma bucha polimérica desliza, sem lubrificação, sobre um eixo metálico. Esta condição simula a aplicação real do PTFE como mancal de deslizamento. Tais procedimentos experimentais são fundamentais para a completa análise das características e do desempenho dos materiais poliméricos em aplicações tribológicas, que normalmente se mostram de maneira complexa. Nos ensaios observou-se que os parâmetros de coeficiente de atrito cinético e de temperatura estabilizam após 80 minutos. Sendo que o primeiro parâmetro diminuiu com incrementos de carregamento normal. Já a temperatura manteve proporcionalidade com o produto do coeficiente de atrito cinético e da raiz quadrada da força normal aplicada. Realizaram-se análises das superfícies, antes e após ensaios, através de técnicas de Interferometria de luz branca, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, FTIR e DSC. Observou-se que os mecanismos de desgaste que operaram foram: o adesivo e o abrasivo, sendo que houve domínio do primeiro. As superfícies do aço inoxidável tiveram alterações sutis, enquanto as superfícies do PTFE sofreram modificações drásticas. Os valores da taxa de desgaste mássico média do PTFE foi proporcional à raiz quadrada da força normal aplicada e o coeficiente adimensional de desgaste de Archard para o sistema teve aproximação satisfatória com os valores disponíveis na literatura. Verificou-se que as partículas de desgaste geradas se mesclaram formando filmes multicamadas, os quais foram expulsos do contato com a sequência do ensaio. Estes filmes multicamadas apresentam aspecto translúcido, aumento do grau de cristalinidade em relação ao material original e alterações nos espectros de infravermelho. Estas alterações sugerem a ocorrência de substituições de flúor por hidrogênio na estrutura do PTFE durante os ensaios. / This work discusses the tribological behavior of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a polymer widely used in industry for many tribological applications without lubrication, from where you can highlight its use as plain bearings. A literature review was done to understand the main parameters that influence kinetic friction and wear of polymers and the wear mechanisms that operate in these materials. Long tests duration were conducted on a machine of kinetic friction, developed and built at the Laboratory for Surface and Contact (LASC) UTFPR, in which a polymer bushing slides without lubrication on a metal shaft. This condition simulates a real application of PTFE as bearing. These experimental procedures are fundamental to the complete analysis of the characteristics and performance of polymeric materials in tribological applications, which usually show a complex behavior. In the tests was observed that the parameters of kinetic friction coefficient and temperature stabilized after 80 minutes. The first parameter decreased with the normal load and the temperature, in its turn, kept proportional with the product of kinetic coefficient of friction and the square root of the applied normal force. Analyses were performed on the surfaces, before and after tests, using techniques of white light interferometry, scanning electron microscopy, FTIR and DSC. It was found that the wear mechanisms which operated were: adhesive and abrasive, and the first one was dominant. The stainless steel surfaces had subtle changes, while the PTFE surfaces had drastic changes. The values for the PTFE mass wear rate were proportional to the square root of the applied normal force and the dimensionless coefficient of wear for the system had satisfactory approximation to the values available in the literature. It was found that the wear particles merged in multilayer films. These multilayer films were expelled from contact with the test sequence and exhibit translucent appearance, increasing the degree of crystallinity than the material and changes in the infrared spectra. These changes suggest the substitutions occurrence of fluorine for hydrogen in the structure of PTFE during tests.

The lubricants that are applied during metal cutting acts on the interface between the tool and the nascent surfaces generated by the cutting process. Dispersions of oil in water made using suitable emulsifier(s) are used as metal cutting lubricants. The efficiency of the emulsion in rendering a low friction layer on the freshly cut surface will depend on the composition of the emulsion and on the speed, load and temperature characteristics in the tribological system. A unique tribometer which can perform friction testing on freshly cut surfaces has been designed and built for the experimental investigation. In this experimental facility experiments are conducted by performing cutting operation inside a pool of the lubricant and friction force is measured in-situ. Experiments at different loads and speeds were performed. The surfaces were subsequently subjected to spectroscopic analysis using X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Lubricity of the base oils on nascent and preformed (oxidized) surfaces are compared by performing friction tests on surfaces which are cut and friction tested without exposing them to the environment, and on surfaces which were cut and exposed to the environment. While the freshly cut surfaces were seen to be sensitive to the structure of the base oil, the oxidized surfaces did not differentiate between the oil structures. Amongst the three base oils tested, aromatic oil was found to exhibit the least friction. This is attributed to tendency of the aromatic chains to react with the surface and form a film, due to the formation of radical anion-metal cation complexes. Results from spectroscopic investigations are presented to substantiate these arguments. The thesis then explores the differences in the tribological behavior promoted by an emulsion between, when it acts on a cut surface and is slid just once, and when it acts on a cut surface slid repeatedly. Due to repeated sliding, friction was found to decrease with sliding time (distance), and the transition from a freshly formed surface to a repeatedly slid one was found to follow a smooth transition. The improvement in lubricity is attributed to the formation of carboxylate type structures (C=O) which get generated due to the tribological action under repeated sliding conditions in the presence of water. Under repeated sliding conditions, the friction as a function of emulsifier concentration is found to exhibit a minimum at a value which is much below the critical micellar concentration of the emulsifier (CMC). However, the variation under continuous cutting followed a different pattern, with the friction undergoing a sharp decrease close to the CMC. The effect of speed on the tribological performance was investigated and friction was found to increase dramatically beyond a critical speed which is marked as the onset of starvation. The characteristic time required for a film to develop on a newly created surface, together with the contact pressure conditions dictated by the load and speed dictates starvation. The films formed at speeds corresponding to starvation conditions was found to have a significantly different chemical structure from that corresponding to a speed less than the starvation speed.. The effect of temperature was found to affect the lubricity adversely. At elevated temperature, the nature of the film was found to change to that to starved condition, even at a speed which does not register starvation when operating at a lower temperature. The effect of solubility of the emulsifier on the friction characteristics were explored by using emulsifiers of varying hydrophilic-lypophilic values (HLB). Lower HLB emulsifiers were found to exhibit lesser friction, than those corresponding to high HLB value. The variation in lubricity is examined in the light of the morphology of the micellar structures which evolve using these emulsifiers. The main conclusions of the thesis are: 1 Evaluation of lubricity of metal cutting fluids warrants a testing strategy which tests their lubricity on freshly cut surfaces. 2 The formation of carboxylate structures aids lubricity while using an emulsion; emulsions which can result in the formation of such structures exhibit better lubricity under cutting conditions. 3 Tribofilms which show characteristic peaks related to chemisorbed oxygen is found to exhibit good lubricity under the test conditions. 4 Emulsifiers which form lamellar micellar structures which aid easy shear give better lubricity in cutting than those which yield spherical micelles.

Pipe jacking, has seen a rise in popularity, particularly in urban areas where infrastructure does not permit cut-and-cover methods. As pipe jacking has becomes more commonplace, engineers are pushing the limits of the technology more and more by designing longer drives in more difficult ground conditions. Lubrication is essential to reduce the frictional resistance generated at the pipe-soil interface. Even though lubrication is widely utilized, there is not a clear understanding of the conditions required to obtain the full benefit of lubrication. This dissertation focuses on bentonite slurry characteristics and interface behavior under different lubricating conditions with the goal to further the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the large friction reductions observed in the field. An interface shear device capable of measuring interface behavior on pipe surfaces was used to perform tests under two lubricating conditions. Pipes were sheared against a mixture of sand and slurry and the effect of the slurry was quantified. In another series of tests, slurry was injected at the pipe-soil interface. An axisymmetric interface shear device was developed to further investigate the lubrication mechanism associated with injection of slurry into sand. The device was designed to inject slurry through injection ports built into a shaft displaced within a sealed sand-filled chamber. A series of tests were performed on dry sand as well as sand where water or slurry was injected during shearing. The effect of sand type and viscosity are also investigated. Findings from the experimental studies are related back to full-scale behavior with the objective of assessing the lubrication methods and their effectiveness. A rational procedure for predicting non-lubricated and lubricated jacking forces is proposed to optimize design and serve as a framework for evaluating jacking forces in the field.

Este trabalho estudou o efeito de tratamentos de gume e a interação com a aplicação de mínima quantidade de lubrirrefrigerante (MQL) sobre a integridade superficial da peça e desgaste no fresamento. A necessidade de alta produtividade das industrias aliada a alta eficiência que estas necessitam impulsionam avanços tecnológicos na área da usinagem. Processos de tratamento de gume vem para atender estas necessidades, aumentando a durabilidade e confiabilidade das ferramentas. Por outro lado, a necessidade de economia em fluidos de usinagem, sem perder em desempenho impulsiona a utilização de alternativas como o MQL. Tanto o tratamento de gume quanto a utilização de MQL na usinagem acabam impactando no processo. Estes apresentam ligação com mudanças na qualidade superficial e desgaste, como também em aspectos econômicos do processo. Com estes pontos em vista foram realizados ensaios experimentais utilizando fresas tratadas pelo método de acabamento por arraste e polimento com cerdas abrasivas. Os experimentos também avaliaram a aplicação de MQL com e sem aditivos de extrema pressão. Os ensaios consistiram em gerar superfícies, retratando diferentes estágios de vida da ferramenta. Foram realizadas, nas ferramentas, análises da rugosidade, textura e características dimensionais das ferramentas após os tratamentos. A textura e a rugosidade na seça foram analisadas em diferentes estágios da vida da ferramenta. Por fim, deformações plásticas e dureza por micro endentação no corpo de prova foram medidas para um estágio intermediário da vida da ferramenta. Os resultados apontam que os tratamentos resultam em características distintas na ferramenta. Tanto os tratamentos como a aplicação de MQL apresentaram influência significativa sobre a textura, rugosidade e camada afetada, assim como sobre o desgaste. As ferramentas que passaram pelo polimento apresentaram boa estabilidade quanto utilizadas com MQL, alcançando um comprimento usinado até 20% superior em comparação com as ferramentas originais usinando a seco. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2016-12-20T12:29:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Charles Antonio Ost.pdf: 5298297 bytes, checksum: 152d7447d3ca8992ccc6b52a890c12bc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-20T12:29:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Charles Antonio Ost.pdf: 5298297 bytes, checksum: 152d7447d3ca8992ccc6b52a890c12bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-20 / Bolsa Empresa, BE. / This work studied the effect of edge preparation and its interaction with minimum quantity of lubricant (MQL) application over the surface integrity of the workpiece and wear in milling. The necessity of high productivity of the industry allied with high efficiency that they need drives technological advances in the machining area. Edge preparation processes come to attend those needs, increasing the durability and reliability of the tools. Moreover, the necessity for economy in metalworking fluids, without losing in performance impels the use of alternatives such as MQL. Both the edge preparation and the use of MQL in machining end up impacting the process. These have connection with changes in surface quality and wear, as well as on economic aspects of the process. In regarding of this, experimental tests were conducted by using tools treated with drag finishing and polishing with abrasive brushes. The experiments also evaluated the use of MQL with and without extreme pressure additives. The tests consisted in generating surfaces, picturing different stages of the tools life. Roughness analysis, texture and dimensional measurements of the tools were performed after treatment. Texture and roughness on the workpiece were analyzed at different stages of the tool life. Finally, microhardness and plastic deformation were measured on the workpiece for an intermediate stage of tool life. The results show that the treatments result in different characteristics on the tool. Both treatments as the application of MQL have significant effect on the texture, roughness and affected layer as well as on the wear. The tools that went trough polishing presented good stability when used with MQL, reaching a machining length up to 20% higher in comparison with the original tools in dry milling.

A incorporação de óleos vegetais no desenvolvimento de formulações elastoméricas para bandas de rodagem tem sido umas das alternativas para reduzir o uso de óleos com alto teor de policíclicos aromáticos. Muitas pesquisas propõem a substituição do óleo aromático por óleos vegetais extraídos da palma e da soja, além disso, outros estudos sugerem que óleos vegetais apresentam características reativas capazes de promover a ativação em reações de vulcanização. Neste trabalho, o óleo de soja vegetal foi investigado como lubrificante/plastificante e também como co-ativadores em compostos de borracha natural vulcanizados por enxofre, no estado natural e quimicamente modificados, através da epoxidação do próprio óleo de soja. A caracterização do óleo de soja natural e epoxidado foi realizado através de análise de Espectroscopia no Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de Próton (RMN-1H). Uma formulação padrão foi utilizada e partir dela outras 5 misturas foram realizadas com o objetivo de substituir o óleo aromático e o ácido esteárico pelas amostras de óleo vegetal, uma amostra branco, sem o sistema de ativação convencional, também foi preparada. As composições foram processadas em misturador fechado, tipo banbury, e após, a homogeneização foi completada em cilindro. As propriedades de cura foram avaliadas em um reômetro de disco oscilatório, e as características não vulcanizadas por um viscosímetro Mooney e um analisador de processamento de borracha (RPA). As propriedades físico-mecânicas foram avaliadas através dos ensaios de dureza, densidade, resistência à tração e ao rasgamento e abrasão, além da densidade de ligações cruzadas. A análise de FTIR confirmou uma estrutura típica de um éster derivado do óleo de soja e o aparecimento de bandas que indicaram a presença de grupos epóxi para o óleos epoxidado. As propriedades físico-mecânicas apresentaram resultados satisfatórios quando o óleo de soja vegetal foi utilizado como lubrificante/plastificante podendo ser um substituto aos óleos aromáticos, garantindo dessa forma, a redução de policíclicos aromáticos. A avaliação da amostra branco indicou a necessidade de ativadores para a reação de vulcanização, visto que apresentou propriedades inferiores quando comparadas ao padrão, provavelmente causado pela formação ineficiente de ligações cruzadas. O efeito do óleo vegetal como co-ativador pode ser verificada, contudo a reação de epoxidação, mesmo promovendo melhor dispersão, prejudicou a formação de ligações cruzadas quando comparado com o padrão, provocando baixas propriedades mecânicas. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2017-07-05T18:16:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Camila Taliotto Scarton.pdf: 1531491 bytes, checksum: ec1a2d77051e4af354973c90269c47c5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-05T18:16:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Camila Taliotto Scarton.pdf: 1531491 bytes, checksum: ec1a2d77051e4af354973c90269c47c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES. / The incorporation of vegetable oils into the development of tread rubber formulation has been one of the alternatives to reduce the use of oil with high contents of aromatic polycyclics. Many studies suggest the substitution of aromatic oil by vegetable oil extracted from palm and soybean, and other studies propose that vegetable oils have reactive characteristics capable of promoting activation in vulcanization reaction. In this work, vegetable soybean oil was investigated as a lubricant / plasticizer and also as co-activators in natural rubber compounds vulcanized by sulfur, in natural state and chemically modified, through the epoxidation of soybean. The characterization of the natural and epoxidized soybean oil was carried out by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance with Protons (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. A standard formulation was used and from the other 5 mixtures were made with aim of replacing the aromatic oil and the stearic acid with the vegetable oil samples, a white sample, without the System was also prepared. The compositions were processed in a closed Banbury mixer and after the homogenization was performed in a cylinder. The curing properties were evaluated on an oscillatory disk rheometer, and the non-vulcanized characteristics by a Mooney viscometer and a rubber processing analyzer (RPA). The physical-mechanical properties were evaluated through the tests of hardness, density, tensile strength and tear and abrasion, as well as crosslink density. FTIR analysis confirmed a typical structure of an ester derived from soybean oil and the appearance of bands indicating the presence of epoxy groups. The physico-mechanical properties presented satisfactory results when the vegetable soybean oil was used as a lubricant / plasticizer and could be a substitute for the aromatic oils, thus guaranteeing the reduction of aromatic polycyclics. The evaluation of the white sample indicated the need for activators for the vulcanization reaction, since it presented inferior properties when compared to the standard, probably caused by the inefficient formation of cross-links. The effect of vegetable oil as a co-activator can be verified, even promoting better dispersion, detrimental has hampered the formation of cross-links when compared to the standard causing low mechanical properties.