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In this thesis, I undertake a study of rapid condominium growth occurring in the City of Toronto, Canada, and the emergence of an ultra-luxury condominium market during a time of global financial instability. This thesis examines the influence of rapid growth on Toronto as a world city during this time by asking the following research questions: 1. Why has Toronto become a place of safe investment for condominium buyers during a time of global economic uncertainty? 2. Why has the ultra-luxury market emerged in Toronto? What are the driving forces behind it, how does it contribute to Toronto’s standing as a world city, and what does the future hold for this niche market? 3. What is the current state of the condominium market in Toronto and what can we expect to see happen in the near future? To answer these questions, this thesis draws insights from urban, political, economic and social geographic literature, statistical and policy data, as well as twenty-five (25) semi- structured interviews with a variety of key industry stakeholders in the City of Toronto. The results of this study point to a changing demographic landscape in a city where fundamental elements have not only secured Toronto’s reputation as a place of safe investment, but also created an environment of pent up demand leading to the emergence of the ultra-luxury condominium market. The City of Toronto has garnered international attention for its rapid rate of high-rise growth, and continues to craft its reputation as a world city through the addition of four, 5-star hotel condominiums. Additionally, this thesis recognizes the pressing social, environmental and political issues that accompany this recent, rapid growth, and provides general recommendations for addressing these complex topics through the suggestion of future research on the topic. / Thesis (Master, Geography) -- Queen's University, 2013-04-29 12:28:08.426

The counterfeiting industry continues to grow worldwide, valued today at $461 billion according to the Global IP Center’s 2016 Report. This proliferation of counterfeiting has permeated many industries, but poses a unique threat to the luxury retail sector. Many factors have precipitated the expansion of this industry: expanded trade and manufacturing networks, enhanced technology, the rise of e-commerce, the globalization of trade, and others. Long viewed as a necessary evil in the luxury business, this booming counterfeit industry threatens retailers and governments alike. For individual retailers, counterfeiting deprives them of revenues, increases anti-counterfeiting expenses, devalues the brand, and disincentivizes growth and innovation. As a result, governments suffer slowed economic growth, higher unemployment and decreased tax revenues. Despite the economic and accounting consequences of luxury counterfeiting, steps can be taken to mitigate its impact. Legislation that defines and protects intellectual property rights, brand enforcement tools, supply chain management, public and private sector partnerships, authentication technology and consumer education present opportunities for building a strong anti-counterfeiting strategy. My research examines the luxury counterfeiting industry from its origins, investigating its history and the reasons for its rise in current global conditions. Taking an accounting-based perspective, I address both the ramifications of the luxury counterfeiting industry and propose strategies to combat it. Curtailing the expansion of this lucrative, black-market industry will be difficult and costly for luxury retailers and governments alike, but given the growing threat it poses around the world, it is in their best interest to pursue some of these proposed strategies.

This paper is aimed at understanding a luxury product’s value. The luxury market is a really special market, with different rules and a different logic than other markets. Customers are not only looking for useful or efficient product, but for quality, scarcity and well-valued products. Noriaki Kano and its studies on a product’s characteristics allows us to understand widely the customer’s satisfaction. However, in the luxury market, this satisfaction seems to be more complicated to implement. A Micro economic analysis of the luxury market helps us to understand specificities of the market, and ways to improve a luxury product’s value.

Intresset för lyxprodukter har ökat runt om i världen vilket också blivit allt mer framträdande i Sverige. Marknaden för lyxprodukter har de senaste åren förändrats och banat väg för en ny kategori av lyx tillgänglig för en globalt växande medelklass. Den nya kategorin benämns ofta som new luxury vilket innebär en åtkomlig kategori av statusgivande produkter som är lägre i pris än de traditionella lyxprodukterna. Allt fler lyxföretag väljer att expandera för att kunna nå en bredare kundbas och tillämpar därför produktlinjeutvidgning eller varumärkesutvidgning. En alltför omfattande expandering kan dock innebära risker eftersom den uppfattade exklusiviteten hos ett lyxföretag kan gå förlorad. Många underlinjer riktar sig mot en yngre kundbas och Generation Y har visat sig vara en fördelaktig målgrupp att rikta sig mot på lyxmarknaden.Denna studie har som syfte att bidra med teoretisk kunskap kring vilka lyxprodukter svenska kvinnor av Generation Y konsumerar och vilka attityder och värderingar de har kring lyxkonsumtion och lyxvarumärken inom kategorierna traditionell lyx och new luxury. Det tycks finnas en brist på forskning i Sverige som behandlar kopplingen mellan Generation Y och lyxkonsumtion, varvid denna studie fyller en viktig kunskapslucka. Åtta semi-strukturerade intervjuer utfördes med kvinnor i åldrarna 20-26 som är konsumenter av lyxprodukter. Resultaten visar att svenska kvinnor av Generation Y främst konsumerar lyxprodukter i form av accessoarer och framförallt handväskor. Det framgår även att överexponering av ett lyxvarumärke frammanar negativa attityder och att de lätt tröttnar på det om de ser det för ofta och om det används av personer utanför deras referensgrupp. Utifrån kategoriseringen av traditionell lyx och new luxury kan vi se att svenska kvinnor av Generation Y är medvetna om skillnaderna mellan kategorierna. Dock gjorde de inte någon medveten skillnad mellan underlinjer och modervarumärken vilket innebär att dessa delar samma image och kvalitetsuppfattning hos svenska kvinnor av Generation Y.

The motivations underlying consumers¡¦ purchase of luxury brands are valued in the industry and in the research field. On the other hand, consumers not only could buy luxury brands from luxury brands¡¦ store, but could buy them from second-hand store or just rent them. They even could buy counterfeit luxury brands which almost have the same performance with luxury brands. There are also many extant literatures about these consumers¡¦ behavior. But it still lacks the discussion about the differences between consumers who have different consumption behaviors. The motivation of this research is to fill up this research gap and to discuss the differences between consumers who have different consumption behaviors for luxury brands. Perceived risk theory is adopted in this research. The purpose of this research is to explore the differences in performance risk, financial risk, psychological risk, social risk and time risk between consumers who have different consumption behaviors for luxury brands. This research is verified through the survey study. Collectively, the results support that: the consumers who have different consumption behaviors for luxury brands have different combinations of perceived risk.

Abstract The development of economic improves the requirement of the high quality of life, and the focus of housing marketing have turned from the amount issues to the quality issues. Thus, the markets of luxury houses were due to be born. Filled with mansions, the New Civic Center of Taichung has become a arena of the building companies. In addition to the real estate boom, whether the sales of the cases of luxury houses could reach the targets is depend importantly on how much the building company grasps the market demand. Therefore, to target customers through accurate market positioning is a prerequisite for product sales, and the use of STP marketing is exactly a key management tool. Based on the background and motivation, there are five objectives of the research, including: (1) understanding the concept of real estates; (2) understanding the concept of luxury houses; (3) understanding the theoretical basis of STP; (4) exploring the development of luxury house markets in Taichung; and (5) using STP to develop the marketing strategy of the luxury house cases for Longbao Building. This research adopts the method of Secondary Data Collection and uses the case study of single-case design and single-analzing unit. It concludes four summaries in the study: 1. There are three types of segment variables in Taichung luxury house market: (1) geographic variables ¡V regional distribution; (2) demographic variables ¡V family income, occupation, and family structure; (3) buying behavior variables ¡V product purpose, product characteristics preference, and brand image. 2. Six market segments are deduced in Taichung luxury house market. 3. Based on the SWOT analysis of Longbao, this study regards the six market segments as the target luxury house market in Taichung. 4. The main target market of Longbao Building in Taichung luxury house marketare are "Segments C" and "Segments E", which use the existing cases as product positioning and high prices as pricing policy. In addition, the direct access model by the building company is adopted. The demand was good and for the promotion of environmental quality, quality of community culture, a strong facility of life, complete major construction, transport facilities, closing the political, economic, social and other locations.

The issue of consumption pattern of luxury-bag has been concerned for a long time. The early researches of consumption pattern of luxury-bag, scholars studied on single consumption pattern of luxury-bag, it means, there is no research of many consumption patterns of luxury-bag in one time. So the author wants to compare the different consumption patterns of luxury-bag in consumption value, expecting that understanding the influencing factors between different consumers of purchasing patterns. There are two purposes in the research, 1. Make the radar charts in different consumption patterns of luxury-bag, and then according to the results give the suggestions of marketing. 2.Compare the different consumption patterns of luxury-bag in a single consumption value. By collecting and analyzing questionnaires, the results are that consumers with different patterns have different consumption value; people who purchase new luxury-bag have similar consumption value to people who purchase second-hand luxury-bag; people who purchase counterfeits pay much attention to social value; people who rent the luxury-bag pay much attention to condition value.

While global economy suffers depression, international luxury industry, which always aims at high-income customers, is hardly affected. The figure of sales of the luxury industry displayed an increase of profits and more young customers started purchasing luxury goods even when the Asian market was undergoing SARS's attack. In the 100 top global brands investigated by BusinessWeek in 2003, 8 luxury brands are included, showing astonishing brand value. Luxury good as a ¡§Universal Product¡¨ (Ohmae, 1989) earns its value from its brand image. How does a brand preserves its classic taste while follows the latest fashion trend? How do global strategies manage to organize the design and innovation of luxury goods, so that every detail is unified in a mechanical manner to please global taste and global customers? Since luxury good has unique characteristics and additional value besides the product itself, the management of luxury goods and the brand construction strategy may be very different from general consuming products. This study combines Aaker & Keller's ideas about constructing brand equity. Apart from analyzing secondary data, the study does thorough interviews with four internationally-famous luxury goods'brand managers to discuss international luxury goods'brand construction strategies in Taiwan. This study has reached several conclusions as follows: 1.International luxury goods' original country's image, their establishing time and heritage, and their brand history are helpful in constructing brand equity in Taiwan. International luxury goods' brand designer is the key source to the display and creation of unique brand position, brand personality and brand equity. 2.International luxury industry's entry model in Taiwan generally follows the route from Agency to Joint Venture and then to Wholly Owned Investment. 3.For the international luxury industry, retaining high-quality products around global market, creating classical product designs to extend the PLC, multiplying product lines under one brand name, and limiting the quantity of each design are product strategies to keep luxury goods' uniqueness and scarcity. 4.In price strategy, luxury industry maintains the high price and avoids discounts to build customer's perception of the brands' high value and high quality. 5.On the channeling strategies, in order to keep the independent brand image and identical selling quality, the international luxury industry controls the distributing lines with its direct owned or specially authorized stores. Following the global fashion trend, luxury industry opens or enlarges the flagship stores and concept stores in Taiwan. Adapting to the special consuming characteristics of Taiwan, luxury industry opens the stores in stores in department stores' luxury section. 6.AD Marketing and Event Marketing are the main promotion strategies for international luxury industry to increase brand awareness and to create unique brand association of brand and consumers. 7.International luxury industry's brand construction strategy is based on globally standardized positioning strategies, but it does few localized modifications.

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