The aim of this study was to determine whether functional ecdysone response elements (EcREs) exist within the genome of Brugia malayi, a parasitic nematode that causes lymphatic filariasis. The hypothesis that EcREs exist in B. malayi stemmed from previous demonstration of a functional ecdysone response system in B. malayi (Tzertzinis et al., 2010). Real-time PCR (qPCR) experiments were conducted to measure gene expression levels for twelve genes proximal to five putative EcREs in 20-OH ecdysone treated and untreated B. malayi embryos. Seven genes showed consistent upregulation with 20-OH ecdysone treatment. Each of the five putative EcREs had at least one proximal gene consistently upregulated, suggesting that all five might be functional EcREs. One of the genes consistently upregulated in the qPCR experiments, Bm1_48650, codes for a MIZ zinc finger family protein, a likely transcription factor. Transgenic ecdysone induction assay experiments were conducted using embryos transiently transfected with a reporter construct driven by the EcRE-containing promoter of Bm1_48650. Significantly higher mean reporter gene activity (~3.5-fold) was seen in 20-OH ecdysone treated versus untreated embryos. In another set of transgenic ecdysone induction assays, the EcRE motif in the Bm1_48650 promoter was completely mutated, and this construct was tested in 20-OH ecdysone treated and untreated embryos. The mean reporter gene activity for the treated and untreated embryos transfected with the mutant constructs did not differ significantly from the untreated embryos transfected with the native EcREcontaining promoter construct. These results showed that the EcRE in the promoter of Bm1_48650 is necessary for regulating gene expression in response to 20-OH ecdysone. This study substantiates previously discovered evidence of a functional ecdysone response system in B. malayi, which could potentially serve as a target for drug discovery for lymphatic filariasis.

Lymphatic filariasis is a neglected disease popularly known as elephantiasis because of one of its chronic clinical manifestation. In Maceió, filariasis transmission is restricted to a well defined area in the city including the contiguous and central ditricts of Feitosa, Jacintinho and Pitanguinha, at the edge of Canal do Reginaldo. In order to assess the epidemiological situation of lymphatic filariasis in Maceió after the implementation of the "Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis" (PELF) in the city in 1999, hemoscopic and immunological surveys were conducted. For the hemoscopic survey (HS) blood sample was collected by the thick smear (TS) technique after after 9h30 pm, and examined for the presence of circulating microfilariae (mf). Using this technique 53,857 individuals in the endemic area and 9.880 inhabitants in the neighbouring area were examined, aged four years or older. Immunological survey (IS) was carried out using a rapid immunochromatographic card test ("ICT card test") to examine 414 inhabitants of the endemic area and 2,541 in the neighbouring area, being 2,214 individuals between 15 and 25 years and 327 children between 5 and 10 years old. By TS, 182 (0,32%) out of the 53,857 examined individuals in the endemic area presented microfilariae, being the prevalence significantly higher among male than female. It was observed along the years the following frequencies of microfilaraemic carriers: 1999 0.76%; 2000 0.57%; 2001 0.49%; 2002 0.11%; 2003 0.13%; 2004 0.06%. Among 9,880 individuals examined in the neighbouring area, only one (0,01%) microfilaremic carrier was detected. Only one (0,24%) filarial antigen carrier out of 414 examined, were detected. In neighbouring area, 327 children were examined for the "ICT card test", all being antigen-negative, while 2,214 young adults examined, eight (0,36%) presented soluble antigens. The average of microfilariae density of 93.8 ± 149.1 mf/mL blood, is significantly lower than that observed in the same area, in the past decade of 580.5 ± 786 mf/mL. During the study carried out since the implementation of the PELF in Maceió, from 1999 until 2006, the prevalence rates of microfilaraemic diagnosed by TS in the endemic area presented a significant decrease. Analysing the results of examined individuals from the neighbourhood of the endemic area it is evident that filariasis do not spread to the contiguous districts of the endemic focus. The IS carried out in individuals above five years of age in the general population of the endemic area detected very low antigenaemia for Wuchereria bancrofti in 2003. The IS in the neighbouring area carried out in children of 5-10 years old did not detect any individual with circulating antigen of W. bancrofti, whereas in the group of young adults (15-25 years), in this same area, eight individuals were found antigenpositive, being six amicrofilaraemic and two with low microfilaraemia when examined by TS usually employed in big surveys. The results of this study prove that measures used for the elimination of Bancroftian filariasis in the endemic focus of the disease in Maceió, as the treatment and accompaniment of the microfilaraemics since the implementation of the PEFL in 1999, were effective to control transmission in the studied area, making possible its elimination. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A filariose linfática é uma doença negligenciada, conhecida popularmente como elefantíase devido a uma de suas manifestações clínicas crônicas. Em Maceió, o foco de transmissão está restrito a uma área definida na cidade que abrange parte dos bairros centrais e contíguos Feitosa, Jacintinho e Pitanguinha, localizado a partir da margem do Canal do Reginaldo. Com o objetivo de demonstrar a situação da filariose linfática no foco endêmico de Maceió, após a implantação do Programa de Eliminação da Filariose Linfática (PEFL) no município em 1999, foram realizados inquéritos hemoscópicos e imunológicos. Para o inquérito hemoscópico (I.H.), foi utilizada a Gota espessa de sangue (GE), coletada após as 21h30, para pesquisa de microfilárias (mf) circulantes. Foram examinados por esta técnica, 53.857 indivíduos residentes na área endêmica e 9.880 residentes na área circunvizinha à área endêmica, todos com idade acima de quatro anos. Durante o inquérito imunológico (I.I.), realizado com o uso da imunocromatografia rápida em cartão ( ICT card test ), foram examinados 414 indivíduos residentes na área endêmica e 2.541 na área circunvizinha à área endêmica, sendo 2.214 indivíduos com idade entre 15 e 25 anos e 327 crianças com idade entre 05 e 10 anos. Para o I.H., dos 53.857 indivíduos residentes na área endêmica, 182 (0,32%) apresentaram microfilárias circulantes, sendo a prevalência significativamente maior nos indivíduos do sexo masculino que entre os do sexo feminino. Ao longo do período de avaliação da área endêmica foi observada em cada ano as seguintes freqüências de microfilarêmicos: 1999 0,76%; 2000 0,57%; 2001 0,49%; 2002 0,11%; 2003 0,13%; 2004 0,06%. Entre os 9.880 indivíduos avaliados na área circunvizinha, detectou-se apenas um (0,01%) indivíduo microfilarêmico. Durante o I.I. na área endêmica foi verificado que dos 414 examinados, 01 (0,24%) apresentou resultado positivo para antígenos circulantes solúveis do parasito. Na área circunvizinha, das 327 crianças examinadas pelo ICT card test , todas foram antígenos-negativos, enquanto que dos 2.214 adultos jovens avaliados, oito (0,36%) apresentaram antígenos solúveis. Em relação a densidade de microfilárias, foi verificada uma microfilaremia média de 93,8 ± 149,1 mf/mL de sangue, sendo esta densidade significativamente menor do que a encontrada, na mesma área, na década passada, com microfilaremia média de 580,5 ± 786 mf/mL. Durante todo o estudo realizado desde a implantação do PEFL em Maceió, de 1999 até o ano de 2006, constatou-se que a prevalência de microfilarêmicos diagnosticados através da GE na área endêmica apresentou uma significativa redução. A avaliação da população residente na área circunvizinha à área endêmica mostrou que a bancroftose não se expandiu para os bairros contíguos a área endêmica. O I.I. realizado em indivíduos ≥ cinco anos de idade na população geral de residentes da área endêmica detectou muito baixa antigenemia para Wuchereria bancrofti em 2003. O I.I. na área circunvizinha, realizado em crianças de 05 a 10 anos de idade não detectou nenhum indivíduo com antígenos circulantes de Wuchereria bancrofti, enquanto que no grupo de adultos jovens (15 25 anos), nessa mesma área, foi encontrado oito indivíduos antígenos-positivos, porém seis amicrofilarêmicos e dois com baixa microfilaremia, o que não seria detectado através da GE, normalmente utilizada em grandes inquéritos. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo comprovam que as ações adotadas para a eliminação da bancroftose no foco endêmico de filariose linfática em Maceió, como o tratamento e acompanhamento dos parasitados desde a implantação do PEFL em 1999, foram suficientes para controlar a transmissão da parasitose na região estudada, tornando possível sua eliminação.

The lymphatic filariasis, a disease known as elephantiasis in one of its chronic manifestations, is caused by a helminth nematodes species of Wuchereria bancrofti (Cobbold, 1877) that just parasite to human. It is transmitted by mosquitoes of the Culex quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823), with haematophagic nocturnal habit, which coincides with the peak of microfilariae in peripheral blood of the host. It is considered the second leading cause of the disability worldwide to work, to cause physical weakness, social stigma and economic loss. Is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, present in 83 countries in Asia, Africa, Americas and Oceania, where an estimated 120 million in those infected. In Brazil, the areas considered at risk are the state of Pernambuco (Recife, Olinda, Jaboatão and Paulista), state of Alagoas (Maceió) and state of Pará (Belém), while the latter two cities with the foci of transmission interrupted. Salvador, capital of Bahia state, is considered the oldest focus of Bancroftian filariasis in Brazil. The first epidemiological survey conducted in the city to study the distribution of Wuchereria bancrofti was made in 1878, when 309 individuals were examined in 26 (8.4%) were found microfilariae in the blood. The last survey conducted in 1966 documented the prevalence found in the neighborhood Uruguay of 6.24%. Since then no study was conducted to evaluate the transmission of lymphatic filariasis in Salvador, the focus being considered extinct without any confirmation of the disposal of its transmission. The World Health Organization (WHO) established in 1997, the elimination of lymphatic filariasis in the world by the year 2020. In Brazil, in order to achieve this goal was established in 1997 in conjunction with the National Health Foundation, Research Institutes, Federal University of Alagoas and Health Departments of endemic areas, the National Plan to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis. Among the activities planned include the reassessment of epidemiological outbreaks considered extinct. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of lymphatic filariasis endemic area in the old city of Salvador, Bahia (district and adjacent Uruguay). For this, we carried out the investigation in haemoscopic 11.324 students in the night time, finding no microfilaraemic; 663 employees and their families also underwent the examination of haemoscopia, not being found any microfilaraemic; researched is circulating antigens of W. bancrofti in 510 children aged 6 to 10 years of age through the immunochromatography test - ICT card, where no antigenemia was not identified; and determined the vector infection xenomonitoramento by using the technique of polymerase chain reaction, with the collection of 23.580 female mosquitoes of Culex quinquefasciatus that were engorged and resting inside houses. This analysis was not detected the presence of the DNA from W. bancrofti in these mosquitoes. These findings support that the elimination of the lymphatic filariasis transmission in the former endemic area of Salvador, Bahia and no expansion of lymphatic filariasis in areas adjacent to the old focus of Salvador. / A Filariose linfática (FL), doença conhecida como elefantíase em uma de suas manifestações crônicas, é provocada por um helminto Nematoda da espécie Wuchereria bancrofti (Cobbold, 1877) que parasita exclusivamente o ser humano. Sua transmissão ocorre através de mosquitos da espécie Culex quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823), com hábito hematofágico noturno que coincide com o pico das microfilárias no sangue periférico do hospedeiro. Considerada a segunda causa mundial de incapacidade para o trabalho, provoca debilidade física, estigma social e perdas econômicas. Encontra-se distribuída em regiões tropicais e subtropicais, estando presente em 83 países da Ásia, África, Américas e Oceania, onde são estimados em 120 milhões os infectados. No Brasil as áreas consideradas de risco localizam-se no Estado de Pernambuco (Recife, Olinda, Jaboatão e Paulista), no Estado de Alagoas (Maceió) e no Estado do Pará (Belém), estando as duas últimas cidades com os focos de transmissão interrompidos. Salvador, capital do Estado da Bahia, é considerado o mais antigo foco de bancroftose no Brasil. O primeiro inquérito epidemiológico realizado na cidade, para estudar a distribuição da Wuchereria bancrofti foi feito em 1878, quando foram examinados 309 indivíduos e em 26 (8,4%) foram encontrados microfilárias no sangue. No último inquérito documentado realizado nessa cidade, em 1966, a prevalência encontrada no bairro Uruguai foi de 6,24%. Desde então nenhum estudo foi realizado para avaliar a transmissão da FL em Salvador, sendo o foco considerado extinto sem que houvesse confirmação da eliminação de sua transmissão. A Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) estabeleceu em 1997, a eliminação da Filariose linfática no mundo até o ano de 2020. No Brasil, a fim de atingir essa meta foi elaborado, em 1997, em conjunto com a Fundação Nacional de Saúde, Instituições de Pesquisa, Universidade Federal de Alagoas e Secretarias de Saúde de áreas endêmicas, o Plano Nacional para Eliminação da Filariose Linfática. Entre as atividades previstas inclui-se a reavaliação epidemiológica dos focos considerados extintos. Baseando-se nesse princípio, este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a distribuição da FL na antiga área endêmica da cidade de Salvador/Estado da Bahia (bairro Uruguai e adjacências). Para isto, realizou-se o inquérito hemoscópico em 11.324 escolares do período noturno, não encontrando nenhum microfilarêmico; 663 funcionários e seus familiares também realizaram o exame da hemoscopia, não sendo encontrado nenhum microfilarêmico; pesquisaram-se antígenos circulantes de W. bancrofti em 510 crianças de 6 a 10 anos de idade através do teste da imunocromatografia ICT card, não sendo identificado nenhuma antigenemia; e avaliou-se a infecção vetorial por xenomonitoramento, através da técnica da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase, com a coleta de 23.580 mosquitos fêmeas da espécie Culex quinquefasciatus que se encontravam ingurgitados e pousados dentro das residências. Nessa análise não foi detectado a presença de DNA de W. bancrofti nesses mosquitos. Esses resultados comprovam a eliminação da transmissão da FL na antiga área endêmica de Salvador e a não expansão da FL para áreas contíguas ao antigo foco de Salvador.

Au Vietnam, malgré les succès du gouvernement dans la lutte contre le paludisme, cette maladie persiste en zones forestières, le long des frontières internationales, en particulier avec le Cambodge, et très peu de données sont disponibles sur la filariose lymphatique de Bancroft (FLB). Aucun vaccin n'étant actuellement disponible, la lutte antivectorielle ciblant les Anopheles, moustiques qui peuvent être vecteurs d'agents du paludisme et de la FLB, reste un des éléments clés pour mieux contrôler ces deux maladies. Toutefois, une meilleure connaissance des vecteurs présents en zones endémiques et l'étude de leur capacité vectorielle s'imposaient compte tenu du manque d'information sur la transmission de ces 2 maladies dans la région centre-sud du Vietnam. La capacité vectorielle étant fortement liée à la flore bactérienne de l'estomac des moustiques, sa biodiversité a été estimée afin de mieux appréhender les familles bactériennes présentes chez les moustiques de terrain, en particulier la présence d'Enterobacteriaceae qui peut avoir une influence sur la résistance des anophèles au développement de Plasmodium, agent du paludisme. Ce champ d'investigation n'avait encore jamais été étudié chez les vecteurs du paludisme au Vietnam.Cette thèse porte sur 2 objectifs principaux : (1) l'évaluation de la capacité vectorielle des espèces d'Anopheles dans la co-transmission de Plasmodium spp. et de Wuchereria bancrofti (agent de la FLB) dans la Province de Dak Nong et de Binh Phuoc du centre-sud Vietnam (à la frontière avec le Cambodge) et (2) l'estimation de la biodiversité de la flore bactérienne de l'estomac de populations d'Anopheles du centre-sud Vietnam et l'évaluation de l'influence de certaines bactéries sur la capacité vectorielle des espèces d'Anopheles. L'identification morphologique et moléculaire des spécimens d'Anopheles collectés dans les sites d'étude nous a permis d'appréhender et de mieux connaître la faune anophélienne du centre-sud Vietnam avec la présence de 24 taxa, dont des vecteurs primaires et secondaires. Les espèces dominantes sont Anopheles dirus (48,2%), An. maculatus (19,1%) et An. minimus (9,8%), trois vecteurs majeurs du paludisme et de la FLB. Pour la première fois au Vietnam, la présence d'An. scanloni, une des 8 espèces du Complexe Dirus et vecteur du paludisme en Thaïlande, a été montrée et confirmée après son identification par techniques moléculaires et séquençage. La relation taxonomique entre An. crawfordi et An. dangi, une espèce nommée de façon informelle au Vietnam en 1987, est clarifiée grâce à une étude phylogénétique qui nous a permis d'établir qu'An. dangi est un variant morphologique d'An. crawfordi.Le taux d'infection parasitaire des anophèles a été analysé grâce à des approches PCR, en temps réel et conventionnelle, afin de déterminer la capacité vectorielle des espèces collectées. Parmi les 765 spécimens d'Anopheles étudiés, 2 spécimens dont 1 An. dirus et 1 An. pampanai, ont été trouvés infectés par P. vivax. Les taux d'infection sont de 0,26% sur l'ensemble de l'échantillon, de 0,41% pour la Province de Binh Phuoc et de 0,28% chez An. dirus et 20% chez An. pampanai. Aucun moustique n'a été trouvé infecté ni par P. falciparum, ni par P. knowlesi et ni par Wuchereria bancrofti. La flore bactérienne de l'estomac des anophèles a été analysée après application de 2 méthodes d'identification basées à la fois sur la culture et la PCR du gène 16S sur 200 abdomens d'anophèles de 11 espèces différentes. Les résultats montrent la présence de 116 genres bactériens, dont 18 genres communs, classés taxonomiquement dans 7 phyla dont Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria et Synergistetes. Le genre dominant de Dak Nong est Acinetobacter et celui de Binh Phuoc est Staphyloccocus. Acinetobacter est aussi dominant dans la communauté bactérienne de tous les spécimens d'Anopheles étudiés. / In Vietnam, despite the success of the Government in controlling malaria, the disease persists in forest areas along the international borders, especially with Cambodia, and few data are available on the Bancroftian lymphatic filariasis (BLF). No vaccine is currently available to protect from these two diseases, then vector control of Anopheles mosquitoes, that may transmit both malarial and BLF agents, remains one of the key element to control these two diseases. As there is a real lack of information on the transmission of these two diseases in south-central region of Vietnam, it was necessary to apprehend the vectors occurring in endemic areas and to study their vectorial capacity. As bacterial flora in Anopheles midgut may have a strong influence on the vectorial capacity of the mosquito, its biodiversity was estimated in order to better understand bacterial families present in mosquitoes from the field, in particular the presence of Enterobacteriaceae that can have an influence on the development of Plasmodium, agent of malaria. This field of investigation of bacteria has never studied in malaria vectors of Vietnam.This thesis focuses on two main objectives: (1) to evaluate the vectorial capacity of Anopheles species in the co-transmission of Plasmodium spp. and Wuchereria bancrofti (BLF agent) in the Provinces of Dak Nong and Binh Phuoc in south-central Vietnam (near the border with Cambodia), and (2) to estimate the biodiversity of the bacterial flora in the midgut of Anopheles populations of south-central Vietnam and evaluate the influence of certain bacteria on the vectorial capacity of Anopheles species.Morphological and molecular identification of Anopheles specimens collected in the study sites allowed us to apprehend and better understand the Anopheles fauna in south-central Vietnam composed of 24 taxa, including primary and secondary vectors. The dominant species were Anopheles dirus (48.2%), An. maculatus (19.1%) and An. minimus (9.8%), three major vectors of malaria and the BLF. For the first time, An. scanloni, one of the 8 species of Dirus Complex and malaria vector in Thailand, was collected in Vietnam and confirmed by molecular and sequencing techniques. The relationship between An. crawfordi and An. dangi, a species informally named in Vietnam in 1987, was clarified through a phylogenetic study that allows us to establish that An. dangi is a morphological variation of An. crawfordi.The parasites infection rate of Anopheles was investigated using both real-time PCR and conventional PCR to determine the vectorial capacity of the collected species. Of the 765 Anopheles specimens, 2 individuals, such as 1 An. dirus and 1 An. pampanai, were found infected by P. vivax. Then, the infection rates were of 0.26% on the total sample, 0.41% in Binh Phuoc, 0.28% for An. dirus, and 20% for An. pampanai. No mosquito was found infected by either P. falciparum, P. knowlesi or Wuchereria bancrofti.The bacterial flora in Anopheles midguts was analyzed using 2 identification methods based on culture and on 16S PCR-TTGE processed on 200 abdomens of 11 different Anopheles species. The results obtained showed the presence of 116 bacterial genera, including 18 common genera, belonging to 7 phyla such as Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, and Synergistetes. The dominant genus in Dak Nong was Acinetobacter and Staphyloccocus in Binh Phuoc. Acinetobacter was dominant in the bacterial community of all studied Anopheles. The genus Enterobacter, which can influence the development of the Plasmodium, represented a prevalence of 1.7% of the microbiome of our specimens compared to 39.2% for the predominant genus Acinetobacter. This latter genus was significantly associated to Anopheles infected with Plasmodium vivax.

Introdução: Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar focos de filariose linfática na amazônia ocidental brasileira e constatar a infecção natural pela W. bancrofti do mosquito vetor, o C. quinquefasciatus. O estudo abrangeu as cidades de Porto Velho (RO), Guajará Mirim (RO) e Humaitá (AM). Método: foi utilizada a técnica da gota espessa de sangue, colhida após 22h00, corada com Giemsa para avaliação humana, e a Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) para pesquisa de DNA de W. bancrofti em mosquitos vetores. Foram analisadas e avaliadas amostras do sangue de moradores dos bairros mais antigos dessas cidades e escolares noturnas e captura de mosquitos. Resultados: O inquérito hemoscópico em moradores resultou em 935 indivíduos (54,4%) examinados de um total de 1.720 cadastrados. As pesquisas entre escolares noturnos envolveram 2.709 indivíduos (75,2%) de um total de 3.601. Todos negativos para a presença de microfilaremia. Foram coletadas 7.849 fêmeas de C. quinquefasciatus, todas apresentaram resultados negativos para DNA de W. bancrofti. / Introduction: This work is aimed to identify possible lymphatic filariasis foci in the Western Brazilian Amazonian. Porto Velho and Guajara-Mirim (Rondonia State) and Humaita (Amazonas State) were the study target area. Methods: Blood thick film method with samples collected from 10 PM to 1 AM were stained using Giemsa to evaluate human infection and PCR for W. bancrofti DNA in mosquitoes vectors. Samples from the neighborhoods of these areas and from students attending public nighttime classes in the cities referred to above were analyzed and evaluated, as well as mosquitoes captured in the houses. Results: 935 individuals (54.4%) out of a total of 1,720 individuals engaged. Sample with night students involving 2,709 individuals (75.2%) out of the total of 3,601 previously selected. No individual examined was positive for the presence of microfilariae in the blood stream. 7,849 female C.quinquefasciatus specimens were captured and after evaluated by using PCRmethod, all of them were found negative for W. bancrofti DNA.

Introdução: Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar focos de filariose linfática na amazônia ocidental brasileira e constatar a infecção natural pela W. bancrofti do mosquito vetor, o C. quinquefasciatus. O estudo abrangeu as cidades de Porto Velho (RO), Guajará Mirim (RO) e Humaitá (AM). Método: foi utilizada a técnica da gota espessa de sangue, colhida após 22h00, corada com Giemsa para avaliação humana, e a Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) para pesquisa de DNA de W. bancrofti em mosquitos vetores. Foram analisadas e avaliadas amostras do sangue de moradores dos bairros mais antigos dessas cidades e escolares noturnas e captura de mosquitos. Resultados: O inquérito hemoscópico em moradores resultou em 935 indivíduos (54,4%) examinados de um total de 1.720 cadastrados. As pesquisas entre escolares noturnos envolveram 2.709 indivíduos (75,2%) de um total de 3.601. Todos negativos para a presença de microfilaremia. Foram coletadas 7.849 fêmeas de C. quinquefasciatus, todas apresentaram resultados negativos para DNA de W. bancrofti. / Introduction: This work is aimed to identify possible lymphatic filariasis foci in the Western Brazilian Amazonian. Porto Velho and Guajara-Mirim (Rondonia State) and Humaita (Amazonas State) were the study target area. Methods: Blood thick film method with samples collected from 10 PM to 1 AM were stained using Giemsa to evaluate human infection and PCR for W. bancrofti DNA in mosquitoes vectors. Samples from the neighborhoods of these areas and from students attending public nighttime classes in the cities referred to above were analyzed and evaluated, as well as mosquitoes captured in the houses. Results: 935 individuals (54.4%) out of a total of 1,720 individuals engaged. Sample with night students involving 2,709 individuals (75.2%) out of the total of 3,601 previously selected. No individual examined was positive for the presence of microfilariae in the blood stream. 7,849 female C.quinquefasciatus specimens were captured and after evaluated by using PCRmethod, all of them were found negative for W. bancrofti DNA.