This thesis presents the development of the Geonium Chip, a planar Penning trap. The Geonium Chip consists of the five electrodes of a cylindrical Penning trap projected onto the surface of a microfabricated chip. Beneath the chip is a planar magnetic field source currently made from coils of niobium titanium wire. Traditionally the magnetic field source is a large superconducting solenoid, replacing this with a planar source makes the setup scalable, portable and economical. The Geonium Chip, with its magnetic field source and detection electronics, need to be placed in a cryostat. In this thesis, I describe the development of the cryogenic setup with particular emphasis on the design and optimisation of the non-destructive detection system. I detail the cryogenic wiring of the cryostat including the thermalisation of high current wires and the noise reduction techniques employed on the detection signal. In addition, I explore the parasitic capacitances of the Geonium Chip using microwave network analysis and describe the testing of the magnetic field source at 4 K. Finally, I discuss the generation of electrons within the trap and the results of our first attempts at trapping a cloud of electrons. Together, the chip and the magnetic field source can be used to trap ions for ultraaccurate mass spectrometry or an electron for single microwave photon detection. A single microwave photon detector is a tool that is currently still missing in quantum technology and is needed for determining the quantum state of microwave radiation fields. This is vital for quantum communication and cryptography. Additionally, using the Geonium Chip as a mass spectrometer has the potential to lead to very accurate mass spectrums without the need for frequent calibration. Finally, eliminating the expensive superconducting solenoid will make accurate mass spectrometry available to a wider market.

1] Spinal cords from mouse embryos were successfully prepared and maintained in primary dissociated cell culture, for periods in excess of 10 weeks. 2] Stable intracellular recordings were made from spinal neurones which had been sustained in these cultures. 3] Experiments were made on these spinal neurones using various amino acids and peptides. Solutions of these compounds were discretely applied by pressure ejection. 4] L-Glutamate, GABA and glycine evoked responses which appeared the same as those documented previously. 5] Ethylene-diamine did not evoke a response from the spinal neurones tested. 6] Only a small percentage of the spinal neurones responded to met5- and leu5 - enkephalin, FMRFamide, neurotensin and glycyl L-glutamine. Supplementing the cultures with tissue from other organs did not increase the percentage of spinal neurones which were capable of responding to peptide. 7] Met5 -enkephalin and leu5 -enkephalin each evoked responses from the spinal neurones. 8] The enkephalin-evoked depolarizations accompanied by an increased input resistance were apparently voltage dependent. These responses were abolished at potentials more negative than -90mV and did not invert under normal recording conditions. 9] The enkephalin-evoked depolarizations associated with a decreased input resistance had extrapolated inversion potentials of -20mV. No voltage dependence was seen. 10] Enkephalins also evoked responses which had an inversion potential close to the resting membrane potential. These were accompanied by a decreased input resistance and were not desensitized by prolonged application of peptide. 11] None of these responses showed obvious desensitization with prolonged application, however, they were all attenuated by naloxone. 12] Met5 -enkephalin was apparently more potent than leu5 -enkephalin on a small number of neurones. Furthermore, met5 -enkephalin application, during the weaker response from those neurones to leu5 -enkephalin, evoked a attenuated response. 13] FMRFamide evoked two responses from these spinal neurones. These responses were seen separately and mixed. In the latter case they were referred to as biphasic responses. 14] The depolarizing response to FMRFamide was accompanied by an increase in input resistance. Potassium had some involvement in these responses. 15] The FMRFamide responses which were accompanied by a decreased input resistance showed a great variety of inversion potentials between neurones. These actions were dependent upon sodium and chloride ions. 16] Enkephalin and FMRFamide, when applied separately to the same spinal neurone, did not evoke the same response. 17] Responses evoked by neurotensin were hyperpolarizations associated with a decreased input resistance. These responses were dependent upon potassium and independent of chloride ions. 18] Glycyl L-glutamine evoked two types of hyperpolarizing response from the spinal neurones. These could appear separately or combined. 19] The faster responses to glycyl L-glutamine were apparently dependent on potassium ions. 20] The slower responses to glycyl L-glutamine were apparently insensitive to changes in extracellular potassium or chloride. However, these responses were sensitive to intracellular injection of chloride ions. 21] At concentrations of peptide which evoked a response from other spinal neurones, none of the peptides produced any measurable modulation of amino acid-evoked responses.

The soybean [<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.] mosaic disease, caused by soybean mosaic virus (SMV), is one of the most important soybean diseases in many areas of the world. This research, conducted in four separate studies, was designed to identify and characterize new sources of genes for resistance to SMV and to investigate the interaction of soybean resistance genes and SMV strains. / Ph. D.

Born to wealth, Marguerite Inman Davis (1870-1963), daughter of a New York cotton broker of Southern lineage, grew up in the best societies of Georgia and New York and studied piano in Bonn and Paris. After her marriage to Westmoreland Davis in 1893, she continued to travel extensively in Europe and the Orient. In 1903, after she and her husband purchased the 1,500 acre Morven Park estate in Loudoun County, Virginia, Mrs. Marguerite Inman Davis assumed the life of a hostess and pursued her talents as an equestrienne and gardener. As first lady of Virginia during World War I, Marguerite Davis consciously set an example for women·of the state and nation to enter war work. She volunteered, as president of the Woman's Munition Reserve, to sew silk bags and fill them with smokeless gun powder at Seven Pines outside Richmond. Later she helped save a peach crop from ruin during the war labor shortage. In the course of the Spanish influenza epidemic which swept Richmond between October, 1918, and November, 1919, she served as a volunteer nurse in the pneumonia ward of the John Marshall Emergency Hospital. Yet, while Marguerite Davis played the role of a modern woman and patriot, she also maintained the tradition of southern gentility and hospitality. Entertaining groups of soldiers, students, politicians, and suffragettes, she democratically made the people of the Old Dominion very much at home in the executive mansion during the Davis administration (1918-1922). From her husband’s defeat in the 1922 senatorial primary until her death, Mrs. Davis contributed generously to many philanthropic and social causes. Unable personally to work in the war effort of World War II as she had in World War I, Marguerite Davis donated two ambulances, several pedigreed Doberman Pinschers, and invested a large part of her husband's estate in war bonds. Throughout her life, Marguerite was generous in giving scholarships to deserving Virginia students. Mrs. Davis retired from public life after the death of her husband in 1943, and moved to her sister's home in Branford, Connecticut. She continued, however, despite her advancing age to attack the state of Virginia politics. Inflamed by the laudatory eulogies heaped upon Senator Carter Glass at his death in 1947, Mrs. Davis publicly condemned both Glass and the Byrd organization. In establishing the Westmoreland Davis Memorial Foundation, Marguerite Inman Davis displayed enlightened philanthropic views by providing munificently not only for ordinary scholarships but to make historic Morven Park an endowed center. She remained at Branford, Connecticut, until her death on July 15, 1963. / Master of Arts

<p>Prevas AB har utvecklat ett lagerhanteringssystem som kallas Snitcher Warehouse. Programmet körs på handdatorer och används av lagerarbetare för att underlätta det dagliga arbetet. Applikationen innehåller bland annat funktioner för att hantera gods som inkommer till lagret, det hanterar också flera olika typer av plocklistor samt funktioner för saldo och inventering. Lagerhanteringssystemet körs mot ett affärssystem som heter Movex/M3.Affärssystemet är stort och komplext samt innehåller många fler funktioner än vad Snitcher Warehouse har användning för. För att kunna demonstrera och felsöka applikationen behövs en uppkoppling mot affärssystemet samt tillgänglig testdata i det. Önskemålet från Prevas var att utveckla en simulator till deras lagerhanteringssystem, denna simulator har till uppgift attta bort beroendet av ett stort affärssystem i bakgrunden vilket kommer leda till att Prevas produkt blir mycket lättare att demonstrera, utveckla och felsöka.Syftet med examensarbetet var att utveckla en simulator i enlighet med Prevaskravspecifikation. För att skriva simulatorn använde vi programmeringsspråket Visual Basic, (VB), för att tillgodose Prevas önskemål om ett enhetligt språk genom hela systemet. Simulatorn är byggd för att vara dynamisk, det vill säga att den ska kunna anpassas för de olika behov och möjligheter som finns i lagerhanteringssystemet. Målet för simulatorn är attden ska bli enkel att använda men att den samtidigt ska fylla de flesta funktioner som en koppling mot ett riktigt affärssystem erbjuder.</p> / <p>Prevas AB has developed a warehouse application that is called Snitcher Warehouse. The program is run on PPCs, Pocket PC, and it's used by stockroom workers to make the everyday work easier. The application has functions for handling goods that arrive at the warehouse. It also handles several different types of picking-lists and functions for balance and inventory.During execution, the warehouse system connects to a business system called Movex/M3. The business system is large and very complex, and it has a lot more functions than Snitcher Warehouse has use for. To do even the simplest form of demonstrating and troubleshooting with the application, you need a connection to the business system and specific test data in it. Prevas has wanted that a simulator be developed for the warehouse system. That is to remove the dependency of having a large business system running in the background. This will make the warehouse software a lot easier to demonstrate, develop and troubleshoot. The degree project was to develop a simulator in accordance with the specifications provided by Prevas. Visual Basic was used as the programming language to implement the simulator.This was a desire from Prevas' side and it was the natural choice since the rest of the program also was written in VB. The construction of the simulator is meant to be dynamic. This means that it’s supposed to be able to adapt to the different needs and possibilities of the warehouse application. The goal for the simulator is to make it simple to use and at the same time makesure that it can support most of the functions that a connection to a real enterprise resource can.</p>

Prevas AB har utvecklat ett lagerhanteringssystem som kallas Snitcher Warehouse. Programmet körs på handdatorer och används av lagerarbetare för att underlätta det dagliga arbetet. Applikationen innehåller bland annat funktioner för att hantera gods som inkommer till lagret, det hanterar också flera olika typer av plocklistor samt funktioner för saldo och inventering. Lagerhanteringssystemet körs mot ett affärssystem som heter Movex/M3.Affärssystemet är stort och komplext samt innehåller många fler funktioner än vad Snitcher Warehouse har användning för. För att kunna demonstrera och felsöka applikationen behövs en uppkoppling mot affärssystemet samt tillgänglig testdata i det. Önskemålet från Prevas var att utveckla en simulator till deras lagerhanteringssystem, denna simulator har till uppgift attta bort beroendet av ett stort affärssystem i bakgrunden vilket kommer leda till att Prevas produkt blir mycket lättare att demonstrera, utveckla och felsöka.Syftet med examensarbetet var att utveckla en simulator i enlighet med Prevaskravspecifikation. För att skriva simulatorn använde vi programmeringsspråket Visual Basic, (VB), för att tillgodose Prevas önskemål om ett enhetligt språk genom hela systemet. Simulatorn är byggd för att vara dynamisk, det vill säga att den ska kunna anpassas för de olika behov och möjligheter som finns i lagerhanteringssystemet. Målet för simulatorn är attden ska bli enkel att använda men att den samtidigt ska fylla de flesta funktioner som en koppling mot ett riktigt affärssystem erbjuder. / Prevas AB has developed a warehouse application that is called Snitcher Warehouse. The program is run on PPCs, Pocket PC, and it's used by stockroom workers to make the everyday work easier. The application has functions for handling goods that arrive at the warehouse. It also handles several different types of picking-lists and functions for balance and inventory.During execution, the warehouse system connects to a business system called Movex/M3. The business system is large and very complex, and it has a lot more functions than Snitcher Warehouse has use for. To do even the simplest form of demonstrating and troubleshooting with the application, you need a connection to the business system and specific test data in it. Prevas has wanted that a simulator be developed for the warehouse system. That is to remove the dependency of having a large business system running in the background. This will make the warehouse software a lot easier to demonstrate, develop and troubleshoot. The degree project was to develop a simulator in accordance with the specifications provided by Prevas. Visual Basic was used as the programming language to implement the simulator.This was a desire from Prevas' side and it was the natural choice since the rest of the program also was written in VB. The construction of the simulator is meant to be dynamic. This means that it’s supposed to be able to adapt to the different needs and possibilities of the warehouse application. The goal for the simulator is to make it simple to use and at the same time makesure that it can support most of the functions that a connection to a real enterprise resource can.

Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία ακολουθήθηκαν τα περισσότερα βήματα που απαιτεί η τεχνική διαδικασία για την δημιουργία ενός προϊόντος που έχει ως στόχο την εκμάθηση προγραμματισμού πάνω σε ARM πυρήνα. Το κομμάτι της εργασίας μου αφορούσε την δημιουργία της πλακέτας καθώς και την συγκόλληση των στοιχείων πάνω σε αυτή, δημιουργία τρόπου διεπαφής με τον υπολογιστή για τo φόρτωμα του κώδικα λειτουργίας του, την εύρεση πλατφόρμας προγραμματισμού, αλλά και την δημιουργία εκπαιδευτικών ασκήσεων πάνω στο συγκεκριμένο επεξεργαστή. Σκοπός των ασκήσεων είναι η εισαγωγή του αναγνώστη στην λογική και τον προγραμματισμού του ARM Cortex-M3. / Most of the steps required during the technical procedure of producing an Arm core based evaluation board were followed in the current diploma thesis. My personal assignment included the design of the printed circuit board, soldering of the components on the board, establishing a way of communication between a personal computer and the board for downloading the source code, finding a programming platform and the creation of exercises for the specific processor used on the board. The purpose of the exercises is the introduction of the reader in the programming logic of ARM Cortex-M3.

One of the core questions in contemporary metaethics concerns the nature and status of moral claims. However, this question presupposes that morality is unified, and that a single metaethical account will suffice. This thesis aims to challenge that presupposition. In particular, I argue that there is a substantial theoretical payoff to be had from combining two distinct metaethical theories – realism, on the one hand, and constructivism, on the other – whilst limiting the scope of each. In the realist case, the discourse aims to describe a particular feature of reality; in the constructivist case, the discourse aims to solve some of the coordination problems faced by people as social beings. We have, therefore, two distinct sources of moral reasons. The resulting ‘hybrid’ theory is appealing at the metaethical level, but also yields an attractive picture at the applied level. Specifically, it retains the core intuition underlying utilitarianism, whilst incorporating a broadly contractarian account of morality. On this account, our reasons for not harming other persons are at least the same as our reasons for not harming animals – but we have additional reasons to refrain from harming persons. Chapter One establishes a moderate presumption in favour of moral realism, understood as the claim that moral discourse aims to represent the world, deals in objective truths, and yields statements capable of truth or falsity. Chapter Two addresses arguments for moral antirealism: these arguments can be met by restricting the scope of moral realism. Chapter Three explores the content of the resultant moral realism: specifically, realism about the intrinsic value of hedonic states. Chapter Four deals with that part of morality which is unaccounted for by restricted moral realism, and offers an outline form of contractarian constructivism. Chapter Five investigates the consequences of the hybrid metaethical theory for applied ethics.

My thesis addresses two significant misrepresentations in western criticism and translation of Mayakovsky that have developed since his death in 1930: his diminished status as a Marxist poet; and his negative attitude towards everyday life (byt). Part One (‘Mayakovsky and Marxism') contests the consistent refusal in the west to acknowledge Mayakovsky as a Marxist poet and demonstrates instead, through a close examination of the specific terminology used in certain essays and poems by Mayakovsky in relation to that used by Karl Marx in Capital, not only that the poet is keenly engaged with and influenced by Marxist theory, but that he uses that theory explicitly to describe and imagine the production of ideal communist writing. Part Two (‘Mayakovsky and Byt') contests the widespread western characterisation of Mayakovsky as a misogynist whose hatred of domesticity in all its forms has long been accepted as fact. At the heart of this characterisation is the Russian concept of byt (everyday life), which has been systematically misunderstood and mistranslated in relation to Mayakovsky. Through a study of the complex cultural, political and social developments of this concept in early Soviet Russia, alongside the collation of my own translations of twenty-nine never-before-translated poems by Mayakovsky on the subject of byt, this part of the thesis presents a radical and feminist perspective of the poet as a vocal proponent of equality and revolution in everyday life. Both contestations represent the first sustained studies of their kind in English, and – in the case of Part Two in particular, which is the first of its kind in any language – constitute significant and challenging contributions to Mayakovsky scholarship.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 1989. / "DOE/ET-51013-271." / Includes bibliographical references. / Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. DE-ACO2-78ET51013 / Clinton Craig Petty. / Ph.D.