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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / US military personnel often experience ongoing distress after being exposed to traumatic events, and many develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Both general theories of stress and coping and cognitive theories of PTSD suggest that traumatic events give rise to distress by negatively influencing important beliefs and goals related to the self, other people, and the world. According to these theories, more positive belief- and goal-systems are associated with less severe symptoms of distress. Two constructs that tap into these systems are general self-efficacy and subjective meaning in life. The overall goal of the current study was to examine the ways general self-efficacy and subjective meaning in life relate to posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms and symptom clusters in US military personnel, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Data from a VA-funded intervention study (n = 191) were examined. Results demonstrated that meaning in life is consistently associated with posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms and symptom clusters cross-sectionally, whereas general self-efficacy is only associated with some aspects of depressive symptoms. Longitudinal analyses further revealed that meaning in life is associated with the Cluster D symptoms of PTSD and the cognitive-affective symptoms of depression. Interpretations, possible explanations, implications, and future directions are provided. Continued research in this area may identify important targets for treatment that enhance ongoing efforts to facilitate recovery from trauma.

Šiame moksliniame darbe analizuojamos įkalintų asmenų vilties ir gyvenimo prasmės patirtys atradus Dievą. Darbu siekta atskleisti egzistencialistinės paradigmos taikymo galimybes socialiniame darbe su nuteistaisiais, atskirai aptariant Vilties ir Logoterapijos teorijų raišką; atskleisti atsivertimo ir tikėjimo prasmę laisvės atėmimo vietose esantiems asmenims bei parodyti tikėjimo į Dievą atradimo sąsajas su nuteistųjų vilties ir gyvenimo prasmės patirtimis; apibūdinti krikščioniškąjį Alfa kursą, kaip tikėjimu į Dievą grįstą socialinio darbo su įkalintais asmenimis modelį, ugdantį nuteistųjų motyvaciją reintegruotis į visuomenę, atskleidžiant nuteistųjų tarpusavio pasidalijimo asmenine gyvenimo ir tikėjimo patirtimi grupėje reikšmę vilties ir gyvenimo prasmės atradimui; atskleisti pažinties su kitų žmonių sėkmės istorijomis ir jų asmeninio tikėjimo bei gyvenimo liudijimo reikšmę įkalintų asmenų vilties ir gyvenimo prasmės patirčiai ir jų motyvacijai reintegruotis į visuomenę. Tyrimo objektas – įkalintų asmenų vilties ir gyvenimo prasmės patirtys atradus Dievą. Tyrimo tikslas – atskleisti ir interpretuoti įkalintų asmenų vilties ir gyvenimo prasmės patirtis atradus Dievą. Darbe atliktas kokybinis tyrimas. Tyrimo duomenys rinkti taikant iš dalies struktūruotojo grupinės diskusijos interviu metodą, duomenys analizuoti naudojant interpretuojamąją fenomenologiją. Tyrimo dalyviai atrinkti taikant kriterinę atranką. Tyrime dalyvavo 7 įkalinti asmenys, atitinkantys šiuos kriterijus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In this scientific research paper there is the analysis of imprisoned people‘s experiences of hope and the meaning of life after the discovery of God. The objective of my paper is to reveal the application opportunities of existentialist paradigm in social work with the imprisoned; in addition to discussing the expression of the Theories of Hope and Logotherapy. Moreover, I aim to reveal the significance of conversion and faith to people who are in prison as well as to show the relations of discovered faith in God with imprisoned people‘s experiences of hope and the meaning of life. I also try to define the Alpha course as the model of social work with the imprisoned based on faith in God, which generates prisoners‘ motivation of reintegration into society by revealing the importance of sharing one‘s personal experience of life and faith in the group for the sake of the discovery of hope and the sense of life. Furthermore, I aim to reveal the significance of learning about other people‘s success stories and their witnesses about their personal faith and life for imprisoned people‘s experiences of hope and the meaning of life and their motivation for reintegration into society. The research object is imprisoned people‘s experiences of hope and the meaning of life after the discovery of God. The research aim is to reveal and interpret experiences of hope and the meaning of life after the discovery of God. The qualitative research has been done in the paper. The research data... [to full text]

Amidst widespread concerns about aging on several levels ranging from the personal to the societal, this dissertation examines the construction of meaning in life and older age in contemporary Japan. Based on an ethnographic account of a community salon in Southern Osaka, it explores the experiences of older people and their ideas of the good and meaningful life, while arguing that than an anthropology of the elderly can reveal a far wider scope of issues than aging alone. Drawing on a socio-narratological approach, I show how stories connect people, form a shared body of knowledge, inform our understanding of the everyday, and provide frameworks for our choices. I argue that the capacity of narratives to create coherence and make sense of seemingly random and unconnected events can help to reveal existential issues, and that narrative analysis may therefore be a powerful tool for creating an existential anthropology capable of elucidating and understanding deeply personal dilemmas in their social and cultural context. The ethnography and life stories of elderly salon goers, volunteers and others involved in a local Non-Profit Organisation raise important issues of autonomy and dependence, sociality and isolation, care and concern. People express concern for others through practices ranging from gift-giving, visiting, balanced forms of polite yet friendly discourse, the provision of information, and volunteering in the salon and beyond. I argue that older Japanese are as much providers of care as recipients of it, thereby challenging the constructed image of the elderly as frail and dependent, even though maintaining independence relies paradoxically on cultivating multiple dependencies on others. Navigating the tensions between the benefits of rich social ties and a desired level of separation in which the burden imposed is minimised, or between dependence and freedom, emerges as central to the balancing acts required for living well.

Extant literature has provided evidence suggesting that ethnic minority individuals experiencing discrimination report poor mental health outcomes, including depression, anxiety, and an overall lower sense of belongingness with the majority culture, but empirical research examining how ethnic identity affects this relationship is extremely scarce. The first goal of the current study was to replicate the results of previous studies demonstrating a strong relationship between discrimination and selected wellbeing indicators: meaning in life, American affirmation, depression, and life satisfaction. The second goal of the study was to examine a moderation model and two moderated moderation models that depict the relationships among adult attachment, the affective component of ethnic identity, exploration and commitment to ethnic identity, and wellbeing indicators. Data was collected from 206 students who were recruited from undergraduate psychology courses. Findings provided partial support to the direct effects of discrimination on various wellbeing indicators but did not support the moderating effect of ethnic identity. Additionally, adult attachment, ethnic identity, and discrimination were not found to significantly interact, but the relationship between discrimination, ethnic identity, and American affirmation was found to be significantly moderated by the affective component of ethnic identity. Discussion on the findings, limitations of the study, future research directions, and counseling implications are addressed.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edson Adelio Tagliaferro.pdf: 901361 bytes, checksum: deae6f41cb8c1ba961ab948e2082591e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The purpose of our study is to analyze one of the deepest questions of humanity, which is the question about the meaning of life. Concerning this issue, we find contrary and favorable positions to the possibility that life has a meaning and, so, there are people who believe that it s not possible to be found, and the ones who believe that without finding it we fall in an empty existence, where neuroses are generated. Among these is Victor Emil Frankl, founder of Logotherapy and existential analysis. We associate this issue with the thinking and acting of Christianity, which is a generating source of meaning and an axiological promoter within the social relations. Thus, this work tends towards finding the interface between these two propositions, in other words, to reflect on the dynamics of the Christian spirit from the practice of Jesus and how this may influence the discovery of meaning, necessary for psychical equilibrium and singular for becoming man, according to the theory of Frankl. While for him it s a possibility of cure for mental problems, for Christians it is a gift and mission, acknowledging and valuing, however, the spiritual dimension of human beings, common to both positions. The hypothesis that man / woman, influenced by scientific knowledge and by the comfort and consumerism generated by post-modernity, have rejected the institutional religions does not dismiss a serious reflection on the human spiritual dimension, both through the many ways this spirituality has appeared in groups of diverse spiritualities and the analysis of the dimension of the spirit, which, being essentially dynamic, has motivated in many ways the search for human transcendence. Thus, this study, in its first chapter, deals with the life and theory of Victor Emil Frankl, helping us understand the emergence of existential emptiness, which is a strong impression in the historical period in which he lived with the two world wars and the consequences of philosophy with the idea of the death of God, besides the creation of his psychotherapy, whose goal is to find meaning. In the second chapter we write about the spiritual practice of Jesus, who, with his life and actions, reveals through the Gospels how we can live the question of meaning in human existence, despite the suffering, pain and even death, and the role it plays in the life of Christians. In the third chapter we analyze the importance of Christianity as meaning-generating spirituality and the tangible effects that can be felt in the lives of those who embrace such spirituality / A proposta deste nosso trabalho é fazer uma análise de um dos mais profundos questionamentos da humanidade que é a pergunta sobre o sentido da vida. Com respeito a esta questão, encontramos posições tanto contrárias como favoráveis à possibilidade de que a vida tenha um sentido e, desta forma, há pessoas que julgam não ser possível encontrá-lo, e há os que julgam que sem encontrá-lo caímos no vazio existencial, onde as neuroses são geradas. Entre estes encontrase Victor Emil Frankl, criador da Logoterapia ou análise existencial. Associamos a esta questão o pensar e o agir do cristianismo, o qual é uma fonte geradora de sentido e promotor axiológico dentro das relações sociais. Desta forma, o presente trabalho tende a encontrar a interface entre estas duas proposições, ou seja, refletir sobre a dinâmica do espírito cristão a partir da prática de Jesus e como isso pode influir no encontro do sentido, necessário para o equilíbrio psíquico e singular para o devir do homem, segundo a teoria de Frankl. Se para ele é a possibilidade de cura de problemas psíquicos, para o cristãos é dom e missão, reconhecendo e valorizando, porém, a dimensão espiritual do ser humano, a qual é comum a ambas as posições. A hipótese de que o homem / mulher influenciado pelos conhecimentos da ciência e pelo conforto e consumismo gerados pela pós-modernidade, têm rejeitado as religiões institucionais, não dispensa uma séria reflexão sobre a dimensão espiritual do ser humano, tanto pelas inúmeras maneiras como estas espiritualidades tem aparecido em forma de grupos de espiritualidades diversas como pela própria análise da dimensão do espírito que, dinâmico em sua essência, tem motivado, de diversas formas a busca do ser humano pela transcendência de si mesmo. Desta maneira, esta dissertação, em seu primeiro capítulo, trata da vida e teoria de Victor Emil Frankl, ajudando-nos a compreender o surgimento do vazio existencial, forte marca do período histórico em que viveu com as duas guerras mundiais e as consequências da filosofia com a ideia da morte de Deus, além da criação de sua psicoterapia que tem como meta o encontro do sentido. No segundo capítulo discorremos sobre a prática espiritual de Jesus que com sua vida e sua atuação revela pelos evangelhos como podemos viver a questão do sentido na existência humana, apesar do sofrimento, da dor e até mesmo da morte e que papel tem isso na vida dos cristãos. No terceiro capítulo analisamos qual a importância do cristianismo como espiritualidade geradora de sentido e quais os reflexos concretos que podem ser sentidos na vida dos que abraçam tal espiritualidade

<div>While research links the presence of meaning in life to better psychological well-being, the relationship between the search for meaning and psychological well-being is less clear. The search for meaning is generally thought to be psychologically distressing, but there is evidence that this process is moderated by the presence of meaning in life. Because the search for meaning in life can be considered a goal pursuit, goal-related personality traits may also moderate the relationship between the search for meaning and psychological well-being. The first aim of this</div><div>cross-sectional study was to replicate the moderating effect of the presence of meaning on the relationship between the search for meaning and psychological well-being in a sample of undergraduates (N = 246). The second aim was to examine the potential moderating effects of hope and optimism on these relationships. As an exploratory third aim, this study examined whether there was a unique combination of the presence of meaning, the search for meaning, and hope or optimism that differentially predicted psychological well-being. Results suggest that optimism and the presence of meaning, but not hope, are significant moderators of the relationship between the search for meaning and psychological well-being. Implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.</div>

O trabalho tem como tema central o estudo teórico e a pesquisa empírica das variáveis esperança, crenças esperançosas e sentido de vida em pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer. No plano teórico, objetivou estudar a Teoria Antropológica La Espera y la Esperanza, de Laín Entralgo, procurando aplicá-la à experiência profissional em Psico-Oncologia; estabelecer uma relação teórica entre o conceito de esperança, de Laín Entralgo, e o conceito psicológico de crença; buscar um vínculo entre o conceito de esperança de Laín Entralgo e o conceito de sentido da vida de Viktor Frankl; e, desvelar a complementaridade da contribuição de Buber ao conceito de sentido de vida, de Frankl, no sentido de que a análise do encontro seria favorecedora do sentido da vida ou de uma mudança de um sentido já acolhido. No plano empírico, investigou os possíveis efeitos psicológicos e sua repercussão no estado de saúde geral do paciente oncológico, decorrente de uma intervenção psicológica fundamentada por esses princípios teóricos. Foi conduzido um estudo exploratório, de natureza qualitativa, baseado na estratégia da pesquisa-ação. Participaram, voluntariamente, quatro homens, com diagnóstico de neoplasia maligna (câncer de próstata = 2; câncer de intestino = 1; câncer de língua = 1), média de idade 62,8 (4,3) e escolaridade 6,8 (3,4). As informações foram coletadas através de entrevistas individuais semi-estruturadas, com frequência semanal e duração de 1h30. Empregou-se o Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) para rastreio de déficit cognitivo e o Inventário Beck de Depressão (BDI) para identificação de presença de sintomatologia depressiva. O resultados obtidos no MEEM (28,31,7) revelaram ausência de declínio cognitivo. Os escores do BDI indicaram ausência de sintomas significativos de depressão. Os depoimentos dos participantes foram analisados com base no método de Análise de Conteúdo (Bardin), através da técnica de Análise Temática. Os achados indicam que: crenças esperançosas vinculam o sentido da vida à esperança; a busca de um sentido para a existência é variável importante quando se trata das condutas consequentes da esperança: passividade e atividade; o caráter complementar da contribuição de Buber ao conceito de sentido de vida de Frankl evidencia-se na convivência, em especial na relação dialógica, que se mostra favorecedora da descoberta do sentido da vida ou de uma mudança de um sentido já acolhido; os pacientes esperançosos são mais ativos sob diversos aspectos no sentido físico, psicológico e social, quando o seu estado físico assim o permite, do que aqueles que se mostram desesperançados; as pessoas esperançosas tendem a resignar-se e a encontrar alternativas psicologicamente mais saudáveis em face da doença do que aquelas que se mostram mais desesperançadas. Considerando a natureza da pesquisa, o reduzido número de participantes, usuários do SUS e sob os cuidados do mesmo médico, estes achados devem ser examinados com cautela posto que representam indícios reveladores de que exista uma relação entre crenças esperançosas e a evolução do câncer, favorecida pelo sentido da vida. / The work is focused on the theoretical and empirical research variables hope, believes hopeful and meaning of life in patients with cancer. In theory, it aimed to study the Anthropological Theory of Laín Entralgo, La Espera y la Esperanza, seeking to apply it to professional experience in Psycho-Oncology; to establish a theoretical relationship between the concept of hope, of Laín Entralgo, and the psychological concept of belief; to search for a bond between the concept of hope of Laín Entralgo and the concept meaning of life of Viktor Frankl; and unveiling the complementarity of Buber's contribution to the concept of meaning of life of Frankl, in the sense that the analysis of the encounter would be favoring the meaning of life or a change of a meaning already accepted. On the empirical level investigated the possible psychological effects and its impact on general health status of the oncologic patient, resulting from a psychological intervention based on these theoretical principles. It was conducted an exploratory study, of a qualitative nature, based on the strategy of action research. Participated voluntarily, four men with a diagnosis of malignant neoplasm (prostate cancer = 2; intestine cancer = 1; tongue cancer = 1), mean age of 62.8 (4.3) and educational level 6.8 (3 4). Information was gathered through individual semi-structured, with weekly attendance and duration of 1.5 hours. It was used the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) for screening cognitive impairment and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for the identification of the presence of depressive symptoms. The results obtained on the MMSE (28.3 1.7) have revealed no cognitive impairment. The BDI scores indicated no significant symptoms of depression. The testimonials of the participants were examined based on the method of Contents Analysis (Bardin), using the technique of thematic analysis. The findings indicate that: believes hopeful be binding on the meaning of life to hope; the search for meaning existence is an important variable when it comes to behaviors consequential of the hope: passivity and activity; the complementary character of the contribution of Buber to the meaning in life concept of Frankl is evident in the living together, especially in the dialogical relationship, which shows favoring of the discovery of meaning of life or a change of a meaning already accepted; the hopeful patients are most active in diverse aspects in the physical sense, psychological and social, when his physical state allows it, than those who appear hopeless; the hopeful people tend to resign themselves and find alternatives psychologically more healthful in the face of the disease than those that are more hopeless. Considering the nature of the research, the limited number of participants, SUS users and under the care of the same physician, these findings should be examined with caution given that represent evidence which suggested that there is a relationship between believes hopeful and cancer evolution, favored by the meaning of life.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudio Luis Nunes.pdf: 718275 bytes, checksum: 6e0d1e574a89204967599b28e8cf6a20 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-05 / Viktor Emil Frankl s thought (philosophy) concerning the meaning of life is relevant and pertinent, because there is still a universal clamor for this meaning, which is heard especially in urban areas where the masses are concentrated. It looks as though the larger the concentration of people, the greater the globalization of the world advances, the louder this cry for help is heard. This cry for a meaningful life is present both in the young as well as in older adults in all social classes. The world has lived through transformations and an existential vacuum is visible in the individual of today s society; the sensation of the lack of meaning, an interior emptiness. Beginning with this observation, this research has as its objective to demonstrate that it is possible to find meaning to life, having as a fundamental presupposition the discovery of the meaning of life by each person and the use of the cognitive power of the individual mind. It is only through this presupposition that it is possible to understand the reason why Frankl dedicated himself to the topic of the meaning of life emphasizing the role of faith, religiosity and logotherapy as the answer for the question about the meaning [of life] that has as its objective to widen the horizon of the human being, thus showing that, to all who can still be enthusiastic about something, there could still be much to do a significant number of tasks awaits them. Therefore, there is enough meaning. / O pensamento de Viktor Emil Frankl quanto ao sentido da vida é relevante e atual, porque existe um clamor universal por esse sentido, que é escutado principalmente nas áreas urbanas onde estão concentradas as grandes massas. Parece que quanto mais a população se aglomera, quanto maior a globalização mundial avança, mais este grito por socorro é escutado. Esse grito por um sentido para vida está presente desde os mais jovens até os mais velhos e em todas as classes sociais. O mundo tem passado por transformações e nota-se nos indivíduos da sociedade contemporânea a presença de um vácuo existencial ; a sensação de falta de sentido, de vazio interior. Partindo desta constatação, esta pesquisa objetivou demonstrar que é possível encontrar sentido para a vida, tendo como pressuposto fundamental a descoberta do sentido da vida por cada pessoa e o uso da força cognoscitiva da mente individual. É somente com este pressuposto que se compreende o motivo pelo qual Frankl se dedicou ao assunto sentido da vida destacando a fé, a religiosidade e a logoterapia como resposta para a questão do sentido que tem como finalidade abrir o horizonte do ser humano, mostrando a ele que, para todos aqueles que ainda conseguem se entusiasmar com alguma coisa, ainda haveria muito a fazer um número bastante grande de tarefas espera por eles. Portanto, há sentido suficiente.