Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-01-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:15:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gomes_hfb_me_botfmvz.pdf: 672227 bytes, checksum: 03e2caa6665bc90133bf593cf6d71161 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O rebanho efetivo caprino, assim como a produção de carne tem crescido no Brasil, devido a maior demanda por carnes com baixo teor de gordura. Pensando neste mercado crescente, este trabalho foi realizado com objetivo de avaliar o efeito do grupo racial e do sexo no desempenho e características biométricas de caprinos jovens confinados. Foram utilizados 91 animais de cinco grupos raciais (Alpinos – A, ½Boer + ½Alpino - ½BA, ½Anglo Nubiano + ½Alpino - ½ANA, ¾Boer + ¼Alpino – ¾BA, ½Anglo Nubiano + ¼Boer + ¼Alpino – TC), avaliados o peso ao nascimento (PN), o peso em jejum antes do abate (PJ), o ganho de peso total (GPtotal), o ganho de peso médio diário (GMDtotal) e idade ao abate (IDADEABA), mensurado o consumo dos animais por baia e calculada a eficiência alimentar. No dia anterior ao abate foi medida largura da maçã do peito (MAPE), altura na cernelha (ALTCE), escore corporal (ECC), e profundidade de tecido entre a 3ª e 4ª esternébras (3- 4ESTU) e do lombo entre a 12ª e 13ª costelas (PROFLOMU), por meio do ultra-som. Observou-se influência do grupo racial na MAPE, ECC e 3-4ESTU maiores para os ¾BA e ALTCE maior para os A. Foi observada influencia do sexo (P<0,05) para as características: ALTCE e 3-4ESTU maiores para os machos e ECC para as fêmeas. Não foram encontradas diferenças (P>0,05) para as demais características avaliadas. A eficiência alimentar para os grupos raciais durante todo o período experimental, para os machos e fêmeas respectivamente, foi de 0,278 e 0,231 para Alpinos, 0,281 e 0,242 para ½ANA, 0,304 e 0,270 para ½BA, 0,370 e 0,299 para ¾BA, 0,280 e 0,279 para os TC, sendo observada melhor eficiência alimentar para ¾BA (9,95) e ½BA machos (13,32). Os gastos com a alimentação representaram um custo de R$ 8,77; 8,54; 8,54; 8,98 e 8,38 por quilograma de carcaça produzida... / The goat effective flock, as well as the meat production has been growing in Brazil, because of the larger demand for low fat meat. Thinking about this rising business, this work was accomplished with the objective of evaluating the effect of racial and gender groups on performance and biometrics traits of confined kid goats. For such study, 91 animals of five racial groups were used (Alpine – A, ½Boer + ½Alpine - ½BA, ½ Nubian + ½Alpine - ½ ANA, ¾Boer + ¼Alpine –¾BA, ½ Nubian + ¼Boer + ¼Alpino –TC). The birth weight (BW), fasting weight on slaughter (FW), total weight gain (TAG), average daily gain (ADG), slaughter age (SA), were evaluated. The total intake of animals by pen was measured and the feed efficiency was calculated. On the day before the slaughter, the cheek chest (CC), wither height (WT), body score (BS), and tissue depth between 3rd and 4th sternum bone (3-4THC) and loin depth between 12th and 13th rib (LH), were measured by ultrasound. It was observed racial group influence on CC, BS and 3-4THC, higher to ¾ BA and a higher WT for A. Gender influence was observed on the traits: WT and 3-4THC higher to males and BS to females. There were no observed difference (P>0.05) to other traits. The racial group feed efficiency, respectively for males and females, was of 0.278 and 0.231 to Alpine; 0.281 e 0.242 to ½ANA, 0,304 and 0.270 to ½BA, 0,370 and 0.299 to ¾BA, 0.280 and 0.279 to TC, being observed a better feed efficiency for males ¾BA (9,95) and ½BA (13,32). The expenses with feeding represent costs around R$ 8.77, 8.54, 8.54, 8.98 and 8.38 per kilogram of carcass produced by A, ½BA, ½ANA, ¾BA and TC, respectively demonstrating that the costs on the feedlot system are high, and should be reviewed by the producer and are only justified in cases where the remuneration is above these values. On the point... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Heraldo Cesar Gonçalves / Banca: Roberto de Oliveira Roça / Banca: Mauro Sartori Bueno / Resumo: O rebanho efetivo caprino, assim como a produção de carne tem crescido no Brasil, devido a maior demanda por carnes com baixo teor de gordura. Pensando neste mercado crescente, este trabalho foi realizado com objetivo de avaliar o efeito do grupo racial e do sexo no desempenho e características biométricas de caprinos jovens confinados. Foram utilizados 91 animais de cinco grupos raciais (Alpinos - A, ½Boer + ½Alpino - ½BA, ½Anglo Nubiano + ½Alpino - ½ANA, ¾Boer + ¼Alpino - ¾BA, ½Anglo Nubiano + ¼Boer + ¼Alpino - TC), avaliados o peso ao nascimento (PN), o peso em jejum antes do abate (PJ), o ganho de peso total (GPtotal), o ganho de peso médio diário (GMDtotal) e idade ao abate (IDADEABA), mensurado o consumo dos animais por baia e calculada a eficiência alimentar. No dia anterior ao abate foi medida largura da maçã do peito (MAPE), altura na cernelha (ALTCE), escore corporal (ECC), e profundidade de tecido entre a 3ª e 4ª esternébras (3- 4ESTU) e do lombo entre a 12ª e 13ª costelas (PROFLOMU), por meio do ultra-som. Observou-se influência do grupo racial na MAPE, ECC e 3-4ESTU maiores para os ¾BA e ALTCE maior para os A. Foi observada influencia do sexo (P<0,05) para as características: ALTCE e 3-4ESTU maiores para os machos e ECC para as fêmeas. Não foram encontradas diferenças (P>0,05) para as demais características avaliadas. A eficiência alimentar para os grupos raciais durante todo o período experimental, para os machos e fêmeas respectivamente, foi de 0,278 e 0,231 para Alpinos, 0,281 e 0,242 para ½ANA, 0,304 e 0,270 para ½BA, 0,370 e 0,299 para ¾BA, 0,280 e 0,279 para os TC, sendo observada melhor eficiência alimentar para ¾BA (9,95) e ½BA machos (13,32). Os gastos com a alimentação representaram um custo de R$ 8,77; 8,54; 8,54; 8,98 e 8,38 por quilograma de carcaça produzida... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The goat effective flock, as well as the meat production has been growing in Brazil, because of the larger demand for low fat meat. Thinking about this rising business, this work was accomplished with the objective of evaluating the effect of racial and gender groups on performance and biometrics traits of confined kid goats. For such study, 91 animals of five racial groups were used (Alpine - A, ½Boer + ½Alpine - ½BA, ½ Nubian + ½Alpine - ½ ANA, ¾Boer + ¼Alpine -¾BA, ½ Nubian + ¼Boer + ¼Alpino -TC). The birth weight (BW), fasting weight on slaughter (FW), total weight gain (TAG), average daily gain (ADG), slaughter age (SA), were evaluated. The total intake of animals by pen was measured and the feed efficiency was calculated. On the day before the slaughter, the cheek chest (CC), wither height (WT), body score (BS), and tissue depth between 3rd and 4th sternum bone (3-4THC) and loin depth between 12th and 13th rib (LH), were measured by ultrasound. It was observed racial group influence on CC, BS and 3-4THC, higher to ¾ BA and a higher WT for A. Gender influence was observed on the traits: WT and 3-4THC higher to males and BS to females. There were no observed difference (P>0.05) to other traits. The racial group feed efficiency, respectively for males and females, was of 0.278 and 0.231 to Alpine; 0.281 e 0.242 to ½ANA, 0,304 and 0.270 to ½BA, 0,370 and 0.299 to ¾BA, 0.280 and 0.279 to TC, being observed a better feed efficiency for males ¾BA (9,95) and ½BA (13,32). The expenses with feeding represent costs around R$ 8.77, 8.54, 8.54, 8.98 and 8.38 per kilogram of carcass produced by A, ½BA, ½ANA, ¾BA and TC, respectively demonstrating that the costs on the feedlot system are high, and should be reviewed by the producer and are only justified in cases where the remuneration is above these values. On the point... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The purpose of this essay is to explore how I can meet children with different kinds of attention deficit disorders. What can I do when the child kicks me and makes me cry? How can I handle it right so that the child and I can feel good? In my text I am writing about how I can prioritize my way when I am angry. I wonder how to prioritize my feelings and feel safe with the other person. I am developing these questions in my text. My method is to reflect and question the knowledge I acquired during my work at the school. In the text I use literatures to the problem and have a short discussion with an old pedagogue. I am discussing myself when I meet the troublesome child and how I can deal with my own emotions. In the hard situation I have to look at the problem. I can’t see the bigger picture in this situation. For a good situation we need a solution and need to meet the child professionally with our own wise choices. I have not found a solution and I need to learn how I can handle my own emotions at work and what skills I need to learn when I get angry in a difficult situation.

A área de revisão de crenças estuda a forma como agentes racionais operam sobre seus conhecimentos, permitindo que estes evoluam à vista de novas informações. Muitas das formas de manipulação do conhecimento hoje utilizadas foram desenvolvidas tendo como base o paradigma estabelecido por Alchourrón, Gärdenfors e Makinson em 1985, que evoluiu nas últimas décadas sob influência de diversas correntes de pensamento, dando origem a múltiplas abordagens para a estruturação de operadores sobre crenças. Esta dissertação limita-se à análise das duas principais construções de operadores sobre bases de crenças, bem como suas propriedades e relações. A partir desta análise, foi construído um framework computacional que permitiu a análise empírica do comportamento destas construções em diversos casos gerados, de modo a averiguar a eficiência real dos algoritmos envolvidos. Também são expostos detalhes do framework, construído de forma flexível para permitir sua reutilização em trabalhos futuros. / Belief revision studies the ways rational agents change their beliefs, allowing them to evolve when exposed to new information. Many of the belief change forms currently used were developed based on the paradigm established by Alchourrón, Gärdenfors and Makinson in 1985, which evolved over the last decades under the influence of several distinct fields, originating multiple approaches to implement operators on beliefs. This dissertation is limited to the analysis of the two main constructions of operators on belief bases, including their properties and relations. Based on this analysis, a computational framework was created to allow the empirical analysis of the behavior of these constructions on generated scenarios, in order to measure the real eficiency of the algorithms concerned. It also describes the framework, built aiming for exibility in order to allow it\'s usage in future works.

A área de revisão de crenças estuda a forma como agentes racionais operam sobre seus conhecimentos, permitindo que estes evoluam à vista de novas informações. Muitas das formas de manipulação do conhecimento hoje utilizadas foram desenvolvidas tendo como base o paradigma estabelecido por Alchourrón, Gärdenfors e Makinson em 1985, que evoluiu nas últimas décadas sob influência de diversas correntes de pensamento, dando origem a múltiplas abordagens para a estruturação de operadores sobre crenças. Esta dissertação limita-se à análise das duas principais construções de operadores sobre bases de crenças, bem como suas propriedades e relações. A partir desta análise, foi construído um framework computacional que permitiu a análise empírica do comportamento destas construções em diversos casos gerados, de modo a averiguar a eficiência real dos algoritmos envolvidos. Também são expostos detalhes do framework, construído de forma flexível para permitir sua reutilização em trabalhos futuros. / Belief revision studies the ways rational agents change their beliefs, allowing them to evolve when exposed to new information. Many of the belief change forms currently used were developed based on the paradigm established by Alchourrón, Gärdenfors and Makinson in 1985, which evolved over the last decades under the influence of several distinct fields, originating multiple approaches to implement operators on beliefs. This dissertation is limited to the analysis of the two main constructions of operators on belief bases, including their properties and relations. Based on this analysis, a computational framework was created to allow the empirical analysis of the behavior of these constructions on generated scenarios, in order to measure the real eficiency of the algorithms concerned. It also describes the framework, built aiming for exibility in order to allow it\'s usage in future works.

Orientador: Henrique Nunes de Oliveira / Coorientador: Rogério Abdallah Curi / Banca: Fábio Ricardo Pablos de Souza / Banca: Saulo da Luz e Silva / Resumo: As técnicas de biologia molecular utilizadas no melhoramento genético são uma alternativa para o aperfeiçoamento de características de interesse zootecnico. São publicados na literatura novos polimorfismos de genes candidatos posicionais ou funcionais com potencial de aplicação na seleção assistida por marcadores. Os genes IGF2, PMCH e RORC se apresentam, em função de pesquisas recentes, como candidatos para características de interesse em animais de produção. Os objetivos foram estimar as frequências alélicas e genotípicas dos polimorfismos IGF2/MboII, DQ499531.1:g.134A>T e DQ667048.1:g.3290G>T em bovinos de corte de diferentes grupos genéticos e avaliar a ocorrência de associações entre esses polimorfismos e características relacionadas à composição da carcaça e a qualidade de carne em animais abatidos em idade jovem. Foram utilizados dados de qualidade de carne e carcaça de 499 animais da raça Nelore e seus cruzamentos com raças taurinas. As frequências alélicas encontradas permitiram inferir que os alelos dos polimorfismos IGF2/MboII e DQ667048.1:g.3290G<T RORC diferem entre as subespécies Bos indicus e Bos taurus. Embora a relação entre o polimorfismo IGF2/MboII e a EGS nos animais estudados não tenha sido significativa após correção para múltiplos testes, sugerem que mais estudos devem ser realizados para verificar a influência desse polimorfismo sobre esta características de interesse em bovinos. Os SNPs estudados dos genes PMHC e RORC, com base nos resultados, inadequados para uso na seleção assistida por marcadores em bovinos com composição genética semelhantes as utilizadas nesta pesquisa / Abstract: The techniques used in molecular breeding are an alternative for the improvement of characteristics of zootechnical interest. Are published in the literature a new polymorphisms positional and functional of candidate genes with potential application in marker-assisted selection. The gene IGF2, PMCH and RORC are present, according to recent research, as candidates for traits of interest in farm animals. The objectives were to estimate the allele and genotype frequencies of polymorphisms IGF2/MboII, DQ499531.1: g.134A> T and DQ667048.1: g.3290G> T in beef cattle of different groups genetic and evaluate the occurrence of associations between these polymorphisms and traits related to carcass composition and meat quality in animals slaughtered at a young age. Data of meat quality and carcass of 499 Nellore and its crosses with taurine. Based on the results we can conclude that the allele frequencies found possible to infer that the alleles of the polymorphisms and IGF2/MboII DQ667048.1: g.3290G <T differ between subspecies Bos indicus and Bos taurus and although the relationship between polymorphism IGF2/MboII and EGS in the animals studied was not significant after correction for multiple tests, suggest that more studies should be performed to verify the influence of this polymorphism on this interesting traits in cattle. The SNPs studied genes RORC and PMHC seem, based on the results unsuitable for use in marker-assisted selection in cattle with the genetic composition similar those used in this study / Mestre

Chapter 1 begins with the motivation of my study in teachers' labor market. I employ a monopolistic screening model to show that there exist multiple equilibria in the educational system; a pooling equilibrium and a separating equilibrium. The model predicts that the pooling equilibrium is optimal only when the average quality of teacher applicants is high. Using data from the OECD, I examine the relation between teachers' earnings and teacher quality of the U.S. and Korea. Chapter 2 focuses on teachers and their career dynamics, and the data is at teacher level. Using the Current Population Survey for 2001-2010, I show that public school teachers are paid less compared to other comparable college graduates in non-teaching sectors. By studying the change in earnings after career changes, I find the evidence of positive selection when teachers move into the non-teaching sectors and of negative selection when non-teachers move into the teaching sector, which results in the decrease in the average teacher quality. Chapter 3 looks at both teachers and school districts, and I use district-teacher matched dataset, based on the School and Staffing Survey (SASS) for 2007-2008. I employ a multilevel model and a propensity score matching to identify union effects in states with different legal environments for collective bargaining of teachers. I find that collective bargaining is neither necessary nor sufficient for unions to affect teachers' well-being. I show that meet-and-confer is a popular alternative to collective bargaining and that it is an important mechanism for unions to influence teachers' non-wage benefits. Chapter 4 concerns school districts, and I use SASS district level data. I reevaluate the role of teachers unions on pay structure and districts' financial status. In contrasts to previous findings, I find that the variance of teachers' earnings is higher in more unionized settings. Moreover, I show that the financial status of districts with teachers unions is stronger than that of districts without the unions. I confirm that unionism is associated with less usage of performance pay system. / Economics

Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva hur hälso-och sjukvårdspersonalens bemötande påverkar närstående till personer som vårdas palliativt samt beskriva närståendes behov av stöd under vårdtiden. Vidare var syftet att granska inkluderade artiklars design. Litteraturstudien var av beskrivande design och inkluderade 13 artiklar som söktes fram i databaserna PubMed och Academic Search Elite samt genom manuell sökning. Huvudresultatet visade att närstående var närvarande dygnet runt vilket begränsade deras frihet samt att bidragande stöd kunde lindra vårdtyngden och underlätta för närstående. Stödet från hälso- och sjukvårdpersonal beskrevs både som svagt och tillfredställande. Information saknades och var ibland motstridig och bristfällig. Relevant information kunde minska vårdtyngden, känslor av rädsla, osäkerhet och ensamhet samt underlätta till att behålla kontroll. Delaktighet samt involvering i omvårdnaden och beslutsfattandet var starkt stödjande samt ett sätt att behålla kontroll. Närstående tappade lätt kontroll då det professionella stödet inte var tillgängligt eller saknades helt, informationen var bristfällig samt då resurserna var otillräckliga. Det var viktigt att personalen tog sig tid, såg närstående, talade direkt till dem samt bekräftade dem. Slutsatsen bedömdes vara att närstående har ett behov av stöd under vårdtiden genom delaktighet, information och kontroll. Ett positivt och stödjande bemötande från hälso- och sjukvårdpersonalen kan stärka närstående. / The purpose of this study was to describe how health care professionals’ standard of conduct affects next of kin to people in palliative care and describe what support next of kin were in need of during time of care. A further aim was to examine the included articles´ design. The literature study was of a descriptive design and included 13 articles that were searched in PubMed, Academic Search Elite and by manual search. Main results showed that next of kin were present around the clock which limited their freedom. Contributing support could alleviate the care burden and facilitate next of kin. Support from health care professionals was described as both weak and satisfying. Information was lacking and was sometimes conflicting and inadequate. Relevant information could reduce care burden, feelings of fear, uncertainty and loneliness and also facilitate the retention of control. Participation and involvement in care and decision-making was highly supportive and a way to maintain control. Next of kin easily lost control when professional support was not available or missing entirely, when the information was incomplete and resources were inadequate. It was important that the staff took the time, saw to the next of kin, spoke directly to them and confirmed them. The conclusion were that next of kin has a need for support during the time of care through participation, information and control A positive and supporting response from health care professionals can strengthen next of kin.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-07-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:22:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 canizares_mc_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 438720 bytes, checksum: d971a194cb5b8bfcd6bfa22dd4288473 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Fun-Sul / Foram utilizados 144 peitos desossados e sem pele de frangos de corte abatidos aos 42 dias de idade, provenientes de um frigorífico comercial com inspeção sanitária oficial (SIF), com o objetivo de avaliar parâmetros de qualidade da carne de frango submetida ao processo de irradiação e período de armazenamento sob resfriamento ou congelamento. Foram realizados dois ensaios em que as amostras foram mantidas sob duas formas de armazenamento: resfriada (4°C) e congelada (-18°C). Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x3, para os dois ensaios, em que no primeiro foram aplicados duas doses de irradiação (0 e 3kGy) e três períodos de armazenamento (01, 14 e 21 dias) para amostras mantidas sob refrigeração e para o segundo foram aplicados duas doses de irradiação (0 e 3kGy) e três períodos de armazenamento (1, 45 e 90 dias) para carnes armazenadas congeladas. Foram avaliados pH, L* a* e b*, perda por cozimento, força de cisalhamento, perda de exsudado, capacidade de retenção de água, desnaturação protéica, composição centesimal, TBARS, medidas morfométricas das fibras musculares e análise sensorial. A irradiação e o tempo de armazenamento contribuíram para alterações de parâmetros de qualidades das carnes de frango crua, sem alterar, no entanto, características nutricionais. As alterações estruturais as fibras musculares em função da irradiação foram mais evidentes nas condições de armazenamento sob congelamento. As características sensoriais da carne cozida não foram alteradas pelo processo de irradiação, no entanto, houve percepção de aroma estranho na carne crua tanto quanto em condições de armazenamento sob resfriamento como sob congelamento. / Boneless and skinless breasts (n=144) of broilers slaughtered at 42 days of age were collected in a commercial processing plant with the aim of assessing quality parameters of chicken meat submitted to radiation and then either to cold (4°C) or frozen (-18°C) storage in two different trials. A completely randomized experimental design in a 2x3 factorial arrangement was applied in both trials. In the first trial, two radiation doses (0 and 3kGy) and three cold storage periods (01, 14, and 21 days) were applied, whereas in the second experiment, two radiation doses (0 and 3kGy) and three cold storage periods (01, 45, and 90 days) were used. The following parameters were evaluated: pH, L* a* e b*, cooking loss, shear force, drip loss, water retention capacity, protein denaturation, percentage composition, TBARS, muscle fiber morphometric measurements, and sensorial analysis. Radiation and storage time changed raw chicken meat quality parameters, but did not influence its nutritional characteristics. Structural changes in muscle fibers caused by radiation were pre evident when the meat was frozen. Sensorial characteristics of cooked meat were not affected by radiation; however, a strange odor was perceived when meat was raw and submitted to cold and frozen storage.

The aim of this diploma work was to analyse the results of the Aberdeen Angus meet oxherd breeding in an ecological farming with the welfare relationship to the animals and at the same time to compare the efficiency after the system change of the farming at the farm Angus, Rančice, owned by Šebelka. The research was done in the period of years 2006 ? 2011. The survey range includes 65 heads of thorough-bred cows as well as 204 heads of Aberdeen Angus calves born in the tracked period. The number of births, the birth process, and the age before lay out and related reasons were recorded by the cows. By the calves we noted the live mass and average daily gain in the growth process. The range of the calves was then sorted our by year of the birth, gender, rank of the birth, by genitors and by the way of farming. The data entries were elaborated in the MICROSOFT EXCEL and evaluated in STATISTICA 7 CZ. The number of spontaneous birth without cowman assist equals 94,12%, only 4,41% of births required the necessary support. By the monitored number of calves no matter of the gender was noted the lowest and the highest live mass by the birth in the year 2007 (36,81 kg resp. 38,77 kg). The group of calves born in 2010 reached the highest average weight in 120 days as well as in 210 days (192,27 kg resp. 309,04 kg). The lowest average weight in 120 days was noticed in year 2009 (168,96 kg), in 210 day in 2008 (262,31 kg). The best growth ability from the birth to 120 days was by the group of calves born in 2010 (1,409 kg) compared to the lowest result in 2009 (1,099 kg). The average daily gain from 120 till 210 days reached its minimum in 2009 (1,171 kg), the maximum numbers were noted in 2010 (1,412 kg). The growth intensity from the birth till 210 days circulated in the range of 1,071 kg (2008) and 1,377 kg (2010). In the ecological agriculture system were noted statistical better efficiency results (live mass, growth intensity) compared to conventional agriculture system.