Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1992.

Thesis PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2006. / Advisors: Chuck Zhang, Ben Wang, Florida State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 18, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 168 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

A possibilidade de redução ou até mesmo da eliminação do uso de formas e escoramento, diminuição do tempo e melhoria da qualidade da obra, são alguns aspectos que têm levado à adoção da pré-moldagem em superestruturas de pontes. Recentes estudos relatam que as chamadas pontes integrais - pontes sem juntas - estão tornando-se cada vez mais utilizadas nos Estados Unidos e Canadá, pois minimizam os custos com manutenção e prolongam a vida útil da obra. Procurando associar os benefícios conseguidos com a utilização dos elementos pré-moldados aos da ausência de juntas, apresenta-se neste trabalho um tipo construtivo para pontes de pequenos vãos em pórtico, com utilização de elementos pré-moldados na superestrutura ligados rigidamente à infraestrutura. Um processo aproximado de cálculo é apresentado e, a partir de um exemplo desenvolvido, compara-se esta alternativa com uma construção similar em viga, verificando-se que os custos diretos são basicamente iguais. Através da avaliação dos esforços provenientes do carregamento móvel com a técnica dos elementos finitos, chega-se a momentos fletores até 50% menores que os obtidos pelo método aproximado, resultando assim numa considerável redução dos custos diretos quando se utiliza o sistema estrutural em pórtico. / The possibility of reduction or even the elimination of the use of forms and bearings, reducing the time and improving the qualitity of the work, are some aspects which have led to the use of precasting in bridges superstructure. Recent studies report that the so-called integral bridges, jointless bridges, are becoming more used in the United States of America and in Canada because they reduce the costs of maintenance and prolonge the useful life of the constructions. Trying to associate the benefits which have resulted from the utilization of precast elements to the ones from the absence of joints, it is present in this work a constructive proposal to small span frame bridges using the precast elements in the superstructure strictly connected to the infrastructure. A design process for bending moments is presented. The comparation between the construtive proposal and similar with joint between the superestructure and infrastructure, by using this design process, shows that the direct cost is basically the same. Through the evaluation of the efforts that come from the mobile carrying with the technique of finite elements, it can reach bending moments that are even 50% lower than those gotten from the presented method. In this case, a significative direct cost reduction can gotten with frame structure system.

Le moulage par rotation est une technique de mise en oeuvre des polymères thermoplastiques. Ce procédé fait l'objet de plusieurs études durant cesdernières années. La finalité de notre travail est la modélisation thermique et chimique de ce procédé, tenant compte de la nature des polyamides, du changement de phases et en particulier la cristallisation et la fusion. Ces changements de phases ont été traités numériquement pour chaque couche de polymère, à l'aide d'une méthode dite enthalpique puis par une autre méthode dérivée de la cinétique de cristallisation. Cette dernière a été modifiée et adaptée à notre travail en procédant à un couplage de deux concepts ; le premier traduit le dégagement de la chaleur lors de la transformation dela cristallinité, le deuxième concept est la modélisation chimique de lathermodégradation des polyamides. / The rotational molding is a technique for implementation ofthermoplastic polymers. This process is subject of several studies in recent years. The purpose of our work is the thermal and chemical modeling of this process, taking into account the phase changes, in particular the crystallization and melting. These phasechanges were digitally processed for each polymer layer used in this study, using a method known as enthalpic then by another method derived from the crystallization kinetics. This method has been modified and adapted to our work by taking a coupling of two concepts: the first approach reflects the release of heat during processing of crystallinity; the second concept is the chemical modeling of the thermal degradation ofpolyamides.

No description available.

The development of a disintegrating core-body for use in an art bronze foundry, which employs the ceramic shell investment process, begins with an investigation of four principal materials that will constitute the core formula. The specifications for the disintegration of the designed core-body formula fall within the parameters that are normally set and used in the ceramic shell art bronze casting process. The raison d’ être for the disintegrating formula is based on the premise that cement breaks down (spalling) after being subjected to heat above a certain temperature. It was shown that pure cement in the form of naked test bars 100 mm x 20 mm x 20 mm does indeed break down into separate pieces when fired to and above 9000C; where 9000C is the lowest recommended temperature required for sintering the ceramic shell investment mould. The addition of calcium carbonate to pure cement in the form of naked test bars, produced a more unified formula that did not break into separate pieces when fired to 9450C. However this combination of cement and calcium carbonate had a slow setting time of 12 hours and a shrinkage value of 2,3%, which were both above the parameters being sought for a quick-setting formula with a shrinkage value of below 1%. The combination of cement, plaster of paris and silica produced formulae that set within six hours and had shrinkage values of less than 1% but did not disintegrate within 72 hours. It was only after the addition of calcium carbonate to the these mixes that formulae resulted that set within six hours, had relatively low shrinkage values and showed signs of breaking up after 60 hours. It was further shown that by altering the ratios of cement, plaster of paris, calcium carbonate and silica, that the parameters for quick-setting formulae with shrinkage values of 1% and below, that also disintegrated within 55 hours, could be achieved. xvi It was also proved by subjecting these formulae to higher relative humidity conditions that the disintegrating times could be reduced and brought to below 48 hours. Selected formulae were then subjected to temperatures of between 9000C and 10000C. It was found that as the temperatures were increased so the disintegration times were reduced and were even further reduced under higher relative humidity conditions. It was found from the above experiments that the selected formula determined to be suitable in all respects as a disintegrating core-body was too difficult to remove from the hollow bronze cast when subjected to an actual bronze pour. Further experimentation using increased proportions of silica in the formula resulted in a final core-body that could be quickly and easily removed from its bronze cast as soon as the core-body had cooled to room temperature. The selected core-body formula (F21D) that was used in the final set of bronze casting procedures was found to function optimally when fired to a temperature of 9000C and could be quickly and easily removed from the bronze casts leaving a clean inner bronze surface, free from any remnants of the fired core. The document concludes by recording the delimitations and advantages of the final core-body formula F21D, as well as making recommendations based on these parameters for further study relating to disintegrating core-body formulations.

En 2010, une nouvelle méthode de production de verres de chalcogénure transparents dans l'infrarouge a été brevetée, alliant la mécanosynthèse au frittage Spark Plasma Sintering. Ce travail de thèse intègre le transfert de technologie vers la société Diafir dans le cadre d'un projet RAPID, financé par la DGA. Il a pour but un travail d'optimisation des procédés de synthèse et de mise en forme a été mené afin de permettre d'adapter cette technologie innovante à un volume industriel. Les verres de composition Ge28Sb12Se60, 80GeSe2-20Ga2Se3, Te20As30Se50, As2Se3 et As2S3 ont été synthétisés par fusion-trempe, broyés finement puis frittés par SPS. Des disques avec des transmissions comparables au verre obtenu par voie classique ont été obtenus. Des traitements antireflets ont été déposés avec succès à leur surface. Le développement de moules spécifiques au SPS a conduit à la production de lentilles sphériques adaptables à des dispositifs optiques. Ces compositions vitreuses ont ensuite été synthétisées par mécanosynthèse puis frittées par SPS. Les disques obtenus présentant des phénomènes de diffusion récurrents. Les principales causes de diffusion ont été analysées afin d'optimiser le procédé de synthèse par voie mécanique. / In 2010, a new method of production of chalcogenide glasses, transparent in the infrared, has been patented. It combines mechanosynthesis to Spark Plasma Sintering. In this thesis work, there is the technology transfer to the Diafir society included in the RAPID project, founded by the DGA. The aim is to optimize the processes of synthesis and forming in order to adapt this innovating technology to an industrial scale. The glasses of composition Ge28Sb12Se60, 80GeSe2-20Ga2Se3, Te20As30Se50, As2Se3 and As2S3 have been synthetized by melt-quench method then crushedfinely before to be sintered by SPS.

This work was concerned with evaluating the behavior of thermoplastics reinforced with melt processable phosphate glasses processed by techniques including injection molding, compression molding, and thermoforming. Thermoplastic resins consisting of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyetherimide (PEI) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) were combined with phosphate glasses having glass transition temperatures (Tg) that ranged from 230-290°C to form composite systems where both the matrix and reinforcing phase were deformable during processing. For the process of injection molding, several factors were examined to maximize the mechanical properties obtained with the addition of the phosphate glasses. The influence of variables such as the glass and matrix viscosity, glass loading, melt temperature, and mold fill rate were examined for a variety of composite blends consisting of the PPS, PEI, and PEEK reinforced with a lower Tg (234°C) phosphate glass and PEEK blended with a higher Tg (282°C) glass. From this work, it was determined that the best mechanical properties were generally produced by using processing temperatures and material combinations that minimized the viscosity differences between the thermoplastic resin and phosphate glass. Variations in the material combinations and processing conditions utilized were also found to result in the formation of a variety of glass phase morphologies that consisted of droplets, ribbons, and an interpenetrating network structure. The addition of the phosphate glass to the neat thermoplastics resins was found to be an effective way to produce injection moldable composite blends. The stiffness of the composite blends increased with glass loading with composites containing up to 45 vol% phosphate glass exhibiting machine direction tensile and flexural moduli in the range of 3-5 times greater than that those of the neat thermoplastics. Additionally, these composites were found to offer moduli and strengths that ranged from 25-50% lower than conventional E-glass fiber reinforced materials of the same loading. The lower mechanical properties of the neat phosphate glasses coupled with a lack of adhesion between the matrices and the glasses helped contribute to the lower mechanical properties exhibited by the phosphate glass reinforced composites. Still, the phosphate glass reinforced blends offered certain advantages including lower mechanical anisotropy, smoother surfaces, and lower viscosities. The processing behavior of phosphate glass reinforced thermoplastics was also examined at temperatures commonly used in forming and shaping operations such as compression molding and thermoforming. It was determined that it was possible to deform the phosphate glass reinforcing phase along with the matrix resin at temperatures only 30-50°C above the Tg of the glass. The deformable phosphate glass reinforcing phase resulted in composite blends that exhibited greater extensibility than a solid E-glass fiber reinforced material. The elongation of the phosphate glass into a higher aspect ratio reinforcing morphology was found to result in an almost 25% increase in the tensile modulus for a polyphenylene sulfide based composite. / Ph. D.

Sedan 1951 har Tetra Pak tillverkat livsmedelsförpackningar, formsprutningsverktyg och fyll-ningsmaskinerna för livsmedelsförpackningar. En del livsmedelsförpackningar som t.ex. gräddeoch yoghurt kan ha en formsprutad topp av plast. Det är nödvändigt att den formsprutade plas-ten stelnar så snabbt som möjligt. För att minska tiden för stelning så används formverktygmed hög värmeledningsförmåga, detta för att få stabila detaljer och ändå göra det möjligt atthålla en hög produktion. En acceptabel livslängd på verktygen uppnås genom att de ytbeläggs.Ytbeläggningen består dels av en hårdanodiserad yta, ett lager av teflon. Dessvärre har teflonen sämre värmeledningsförmåga än metaller som formverktygen är tillverkad i. I detta arbetehar en metod för att avgöra hur mycket ytbeläggningen påverkar värmeledningen utvecklats.Resultaten av arbetet kommer användas för att kunna göra nya materialval. Under projektetutvecklas en testrigg där testerna visar att verktyg utan ytbeläggning har en värmelednings-förmåga som är 24% bättre än för belagda verktyg. Därmed finns det mycket att vinna på attanvända en annan ytbeläggning. / Tetra Pak has since 1951 manufactured food packaging, injection molding tools and fillingmachines for food packaging. Some of the food packaging as for cream and yogurt may havea injection molded plastic top. It is necessary that the injection molded plastic solidifies asquickly as possible. In order to reduce the time for solidification, molding tools with highthermal conductivity are used, in order to obtain stable details and still make it possible tokeep a high production. To achieve an acceptable tool life, they are coated. The surface coatingconsists partly of a hard anodized surface and a layer of teflon. Unfortunately, teflon has worsethermal conductivity than metals that the molding tools are made of. In this project, a methodto determine how much the surface coating affect the thermal conductivity is being developed.The results of the project will be used to make new material choices. During the project, atest rig is developed where the tests show that tools without surface coating have a thermalconductivity that is 24% better than for coated tools. That means there are a lot to gain byselect a new surface coating.