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Der Transformationsprozess in der Mongolei stellt besonders für den wirtschaftlichen Bereich eine große Herausforderung dar. Bei der Umgestaltung von der Plan-zur Marktwirtschaft nehmen dabei Führungskräfte eine Schlüsselfunktion ein, da sie wesentlichen Einfluss auf den Gestaltungsprozess der sich neu orientierenden Unternehmen haben. Die Arbeit untersucht das Verhältnis der Führungskräfte zu ihren Mitarbeitern vor dem Hintergrund neocharismatischer Theorieansätze und kommt zum dem Schluss, dass es Hinweise auf transformationale Führung gibt. Dabei nehmen Gruppenprozesse, die Person der Führungskraft sowie traditionelle und sozialistisch sozialisierte Elemente zentrale Rollen ein. Des Weiteren gibt es Verweise auf Konzepte der Authentizität und der Geteilten Führung. / The postsocialist transformation process in Mongolia represents - particularly for the ecnomic sector - a major challenge.With the transformation of the planned economy to a free enterprise economy top executive personnel, especially entrepreneurs, have a key function, since they have substantial influence on the reorganization process of the newly orienting enterprises. The dissertation examines the relationship of entrepreneurs and top executives to their employees against the background of neocharismatic theory approaches and comes to the conclusion that there are thoroughly indications referring to a transformational leadership. Group processes, the personalities of top executives as well as traditional and socialistically socialized elements play a central role. Moreover there are references to concepts of authenticity and shared leadership.

Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil-Military Relations)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2002. / Thesis advisor(s): Lyman Miller, Paul Stockton. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-62). Also available online.

Thesis (PH. D.) Johns Hopkins University, 1933. / Biographical sketch. "Extracts from The Russo-Japanese treaties of 1907-1916 concerning Manchuria and Mongolia." "Annotated bibliography": p. 149-158.

abstract: The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) is a central issue in ecology, and a number of recent field experimental studies have greatly improved our understanding of this relationship. Spatial heterogeneity is a ubiquitous characterization of ecosystem processes, and has played a significant role in shaping BEF relationships. The first step towards understanding the effects of spatial heterogeneity on the BEF relationships is to quantify spatial heterogeneity characteristics of key variables of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, and identify the spatial relationships among these variables. The goal of our research was to address the following research questions based on data collected in 2005 (corresponding to the year when the initial site background information was conducted) and in 2008 (corresponding to the year when removal treatments were conducted) from the Inner Mongolia Grassland Removal Experiment (IMGRE) located in northern China: 1) What are the spatial patterns of soil nutrients, plant biodiversity, and aboveground biomass in a natural grassland community of Inner Mongolia, China? How are they related spatially? and 2) How do removal treatments affect the spatial patterns of soil nutrients, plant biodiversity, and aboveground biomass? Is there any change for their spatial correlations after removal treatments? Our results showed that variables of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in the natural grassland community would present different spatial patterns, and they would be spatially correlated to each other closely. Removal treatments had a significant effect on spatial structures and spatial correlations of variables, compared to those prior to the removal treatments. The differences in spatial pattern of plant and soil variables and their correlations before and after the biodiversity manipulation may not imply that the results from BEF experiments like IMGRE are invalid. However, they do suggest that the possible effects of spatial heterogeneity on the BEF relationships should be critically evaluated in future studies. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Biology 2011

abstract: The Great Bustard (Otis tarda) is an iconic species of the temperate grasslands of Europe and Asia, a habitat that is among the least protected ecosystems in the world. A distinct subspecies, the Asian Great Bustard (O. t. dybowskii), is poorly understood due to its wary nature and remote range in Siberia, Mongolia, and northern China. This subspecies is now endangered by rapid development. Using satellite telemetry and remote sensing, I investigated three aspects of the Asian Great Bustard’s ecology critical to its conservation: migratory routes, migratory cues, and habitat use patterns. I found that Asian Great Bustards spent one-third of the year on a 2000 km migratory pathway, a distance twice as far as has previously been recorded for the species. Tracked individuals moved nomadically over large winter territories and did not repeat migratory stopovers, complicating conservation planning. Migratory timing was variable and migratory movements were significantly correlated with weather cues. Specifically, bustards migrated on days when wind support was favorable and temperature presaged warmer temperatures on the breeding grounds (spring) or advancing winter weather (fall). On the breeding grounds, Asian Great Bustards used both steppe and wheat agriculture habitat. All recorded reproductive attempts failed, regardless of habitat in which the nest was placed. Agricultural practices are likely to intensify in the coming decade, which would present further challenges to reproduction. The distinct migratory behavior and habitat use patterns of the Asian Great Bustard are likely adaptations to the climate and ecology of Inner Asia and underscore the importance of conserving these unique populations. My research indicates that conservation of the Asian Great Bustard will require a landscape-level approach. This approach should incorporate measures at the breeding grounds to raise reproductive success, alongside actions on the migratory pathway to ensure appropriate habitat and reduce adult mortality. To secure international cooperation, I proposed that an increased level of protection should be directed toward the Great Bustard under the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS). That proposal, accepted by the Eleventh Conference of Parties to CMS, provides recommendations for conservation action and illustrates the transdisciplinary approach I have taken in this research. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Biology 2015

Orientador: Rejane Maira Goes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T18:19:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pinto_MariaEtelvina_D.pdf: 7979906 bytes, checksum: 0558bfd8fbc931f0f8dfcc8ad0957763 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O gerbilo da Mongólia (Meriones unguiculatus) tem sido utilizado de maneira crescente em estudos sobre o sistema genital masculino. Alguns aspectos da espermatogênese e o ciclo do epitélio seminífero dessa espécie são conhecidos, mas investigações sobre o desenvolvimento pós-natal do testículo e diferenciação das suas principais populações celulares são incipientes. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os eventos envolvidos com a diferenciação das células germinativas e de Leydig durante o desenvolvimento pós-natal, estabelecer o período de maturação testicular, e descrever a dinâmica das populações de células de Leydig do nascimento à senilidade. Foram utilizados gerbilos machos com 1-6 dias, 1-8 semanas, 3 e 18 meses de idade. Os diferentes tipos celulares foram identificados com base em microscopia de luz de alta resolução, microscopia eletrônica de transmissão e imunocitoquímica para marcadores específicos da linhagem germinativa (VASA) e das células de Leydig adultas (enzimas 3ß-hidroxiesteróide desidrogenase - 3ß-HSD e 11ß-hidroxiesteróide esteróide desidrogenase 1- 11ß-HSD1). Reações imunocitoquímicas para o receptor de andrógeno (AR), para o marcador de células em proliferação (PCNA) e técnica para marcação de células apoptóticas (TUNEL), bem como análises estereológicas dos componentes testiculares e determinação dos níveis séricos de testosterona e estrógeno também foram efetuadas. O processo de migração dos gonócitos para a membrana basal no gerbilo se estende até a segunda semana pós-natal, sendo seguido da sua rápida diferenciação em proespermatogonias. Diferentemente de outros roedores, os eventos relativos à maturação dos gonócitos e sua diferenciação em células da linhagem espermatogonial é mais longo, ocorrem assincronicamente entre os cordões seminíferos e estão associados à perda de sensibilidade ao andrógeno. O desenvolvimento da população de células de Leydig adultas (CLA) envolve quatro estágios progressivos de maturação: as células de Leydig adultas progenitoras, as recém-formadas, as imaturas e as maduras, as quais surgiram, respectivamente com duas, quatro, cinco e seis semanas de idade. As células de Leydig adultas maduras exibem núcleo excêntrico e irregular e um canalículo citoplasmático perinuclear. Também apresentam heterogeneidade funcional em relação à expressão do AR e da enzima 11ß-HSD1. As mudanças que ocorrem no insterstício testicular do gerbilo durante o desenvolvimento pós-natal são muito similares às encontradas em outros roedores, no entanto, o número de células de Leydig fetais permanece constante até a senilidade. Adicionalmente, o surgimento e aumento da população de células de Leydig adultas ocorrem mais tardiamente em relação a outros roedores. A análise histológica indicou que a maturidade testicular no gerbilo ocorre por volta da décima segunda semana de idade. Os níveis séricos de testosterona aumentaram expressivamente a partir da sexta semana de idade, enquanto os de estrógeno permaneceram constantes até a décima segunda semana de idade. Nos animais senis houve uma queda acentuada de ambos os hormônios. O comprometimento da síntese de esteróides nesse último período decorre do prejuízo funcional das CLA. O presente estudo fornece um panorama abrangente do desenvolvimento testicular do gerbilo da Mongólia, ampliando o conhecimento sobre a biologia reprodutiva dessa espécie e proporcionado os fundamentos para o desenvolvimento de estudos experimentais. / Abstract: The Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) has been increasingly used with studies on the male genital system. Some aspects of spermatogenesis and the seminiferous epithelium cycle of this species are known, but investigations about the postnatal development of testis and differentiation of the main cell populations are incipient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the events involved in differentiation of germ cells and Leydig cells during postnatal development, establish the period of testicular maturation, and describe the dynamics of Leydig cells population from birth to senility. Male gerbils were used with 1-6 days, 1-8 weeks, 3 and 18 months of age. The different cell types were identified based on light microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry for specific markers of germ line (VASA) and adult Leydig cells (enzyme 3 ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase - 3 ß-HSD and 11 ß- hydroxysteroid steroid dehydrogenase 1 - 11 ß-HSD1). Reactions observed for the androgen receptor (AR), for cell proliferation marker (PCNA), technique for marking apoptotic cells (TUNEL), stereological analysis of testicular components and determination of serum levels of testosterone and estrogen were also made. The process of gonocytes migration to the basement membrane in the gerbil extends to the second postnatal week, being followed by their rapid differentiation to proespermatogonia. Unlike other rodents, the events on the gonocytes maturation and differentiation into espermatogonial cell lineage are longer, occur asynchronously between the seminiferous cords and are associated with loss of sensitivity to androgen. The development of the adult Leydig cells (ALC) population involves four progressive stages of maturation: the adult Leydig cell progenitor, newly formed, immature and mature, which appeared respectively with two, four, five and six weeks of age. Mature ALC exhibit irregular and eccentric nuclei and a perinuclear cytoplasmic canaliculus. Also present functional heterogeneity in expression of AR and the enzyme 11 ß-HSD1. The changes occurring in gerbil testicular insterstitium during postnatal development are very similar to those found in other rodents, however, the number of fetal Leydig cells remains constant until senility. Additionally, the emergence and increase of ALC population occur later in relation to other rodents. Histological analysis indicated that the testicular maturity in the gerbil occurs around the twelfth week of age. Serum levels of testosterone significantly increased from the sixth week of age, while the estrogen remained constant until the twelfth week of age. In senile animals there were a sharp fall of both hormones. The impairment of the steroid synthesis in this last period comes from the functional injury of the CLA. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the testicular development of the Mongolian gerbil, expanding knowledge about the reproductive biology of this species and providing the foundation for the development of experimental studies. / Doutorado / Biologia Celular / Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural

This study examines the barriers to sustainable water resources management in water vulnerable, yet a mining booming area. The case study is conducted in Omnogovi province of Mongolia in Nov-Dec 2016. This study presents how the Omnogovi province manages its water with increased mining and examines what hinders the province from practicing sustainable water resources management and examines the involvement of residents in the water resources management of Omnogovi province. Qualitative approaches such as semi-structured interviews, participatory observation and literature review were used in this study. This study demonstrates that the water resources management of Omnogovi province is unsustainable in this time period, yet the implementation of IWRM approach has improved the water resources management of the province. The barriers to sustainable water resources management in Omnogovi province are inefficient governance and poor enforcement of law, today. Despite it, data-scarcity and transboundary water issues might become barriers to practice efficient water resources management in the province. The involvement of residents in water resources management of Omnogovi province is deficient, yet the implementation of participatory approach and establishment of RBC might improve the participatory governance. The study shows IWRM can improve the water resources management of a developing country, yet it can be time-consuming, costly and challenging to implement in a country, which is still in socio-economic and political transition.

The aim of my thesis was to analyze the business environment of Mongolia and on the basis of information obtained to create a comprehensive material for businesses that are considering entry into the market of Mongolia. Pivotal part of my thesis is the second chapter, entitled Business Environment. I conducted an analysis using the PEST analysis, I focused on four basic factors of macroenvironment: political and legislative influences, economic, cultural and social, technical and technological influences. An integral part is also a characteristic of business negotiation with an emphasis on the specifics of this country. In the last chapter, I focused on the mutual trade relations of the Czech Republic and Mongolia.

The aim of this work is to evaluate the Czech development aid given to developing countries. I have solved the selected problem by research of publications about development projects and about the aid to developing countries, in general. Thanks to the research, I found out that some of the development aid is deficient. The results of this work can help to determine the revision of the priority countries.