Esta tese analisa a obra do historiador norte-americano Richard Morse (1922-2001) sobre a história de São Paulo. Publicado pela primeira vez em 1954 nas comemorações do IV Centenário de São Paulo como De comunidade a metrópole: biografia de São Paulo, o trabalho é fonte importante dos estudos históricos urbanos sobre São Paulo ainda hoje. Editado em inglês em 1958 nos Estados Unidos, foi republicado no Brasil em 1970 - com algumas diferenças importantes - com o título Formação histórica de São Paulo: de comunidade à metrópole. Essa obra é examinada aqui por três perspectivas - como história urbana, como uma história cultural e como parte do debate sobre a urbanização das cidades na América Latina. Inserindo-a no campo dos estudos históricos urbanos norte-americano e brasileiro, no momento de sua constituição, pretende-se contribuir para o campo da história urbana preenchendo certas lacunas da historiografia da cidade de São Paulo. Ao retraçar os vínculos entre cidade, história e literatura que a obra parece conter, a tese contribui para a discussão de uma história cultural urbana de São Paulo. Reconhecendo o autor como personagem chave na constituição do debate sobre a cidade latino-americana entre as décadas de 1940 e 1970 - justamente o período em que se realizam as três edições -, o exame da obra permite ainda lançar luz em décadas fundamentais da urbanização latino-americana, retomando temas e questões sobre a metropolização em curso na cidade de São Paulo e no continente latino-americano. / This thesis analyzes the work of the American historian Richard Morse (1922-2001) on the history of São Paulo (Brazil). First published in 1954 in celebration of the fourth centenary of São Paulo, under the title of De Comunidade a Metrópole: Biografia de São Paulo, until today the work is an impor6 tant source of urban historical studies of São Paulo. Published in English in 1958 in the United States, was republished in Brazil in 1970 as Formação Histórica de São Paulo: de Comunidade à Metrópole, with some important differences. This work is examined here from three different perspectives - urban history, cultural history and as part of the urbanization of Latin American cities discussion. Entering on the urban historical studies in the U.S. and Brazil, at the time of its constitution, the thesis aims at contributing to the urban history field in order to fill certain gaps in the historiography of the city of São Paulo. By retracing the links between city, history and literature that seems to contain the work, the thesis contributes to the discussion of an urban cultural history of São Paulo. Recognizing the author as a key person in the establishment of the debate on the Latin American city between the 1940s and 1970s - precisely the period in which are held the three editions - it also allows the examination of the work and shed light on fundamental decades of urbanization in Latin America, taking up issues and questions about the ongoing metropolisation in the city of São Paulo and in the Latin American continent.

Primeiramente consideramos uma família de \'C POT. 2\'-ações de \'R POT. 2\' sobre uma 3-variedade fechada. Uma das condições que esta família satisfaz é que admite apenas um número finito de órbitas singulares, sendo todas estas difeomorfas ao círculo. Para esta família, daremos uma descrição da estrutura das órbitas assim como das 3-variedades que as suportam. Isto generaliza resultados de classificação de ações localmente livres (isto é, sem singularidades) de \'R POT.2\' sobre 3-variedades fechadas obtidos por Chatelet-Rosenberg- Roussarie-Weil em [12], [30] e [31]. Finalmente, consideramos uma ação \\\'phi\' de \'RPOT. 2\' sobre uma 3-variedade fechada N topologicamente transitiva (isto é, tem uma órbita densa em N). Diremos que \\\'phi\' é metricamente transitiva se dado qualquer conjunto compacto e \\\'phi\'-invariante K, então ou K ou seu complementar tem medida nula com respeito a medida de Lebesgue. É conhecido que toda ação \\\'phi\' metricamente transitiva é topologicamente transitiva e que, em geral, a reciproca não é certa. No Entanto, Morse [27] em 1946 propôs a seguinte conjectura: Qualquer sistema dinâmico topologicamente transitivo, com algum grau de regularidade, é metricamente transitivo. A frase \"algum grau de regularidade\", pode significar, por exemplo, que o sistema dinâmico é analítico real, suave, tem um número finito de singularidades, etc. Na segunda parte da tese, mostramos a conjectura de Morse para o sistema dinâmico definido por uma \'R POT. 2\'-ação sobre uma 3-variedade fechada, cujo conjunto singular é uma união finita de órbitas círculo. Isto generaliza um resultado análogo obtido por Ding [18] para fluxos sobre superfícies fechadas / First we consider a family of \'C POT. 2\' actions of \'R POT. 2\' on a closed 3-manifold. One of the conditions of this family is that it admits only a finite number of singular orbits, which are all diffeomorphic to circle. For this family we will give a description of the structure of the orbits as well the 3-manifolds supporting this actions. This generalizes results of classification for locally free actions (i. e. without singularities) of \'R POT. 2\' on closed 3- manifolds obtained by Chatelet-Rosenberg-Roussarie-Weil in [12], [30] and [31]. Finally, we consider an action \\\'phi\' of \'R POT. 2\' on a closed 3-manifold N which is topologically transitive (i.e. has a dense orbit in N). We will say that \\\'phi\' is metrically transitive if, given any \\\'phi\'-invariant compact set K, then, either K or its complement has zero measure with respect to Lebesgue measure. It is known that every action \\\'phi\' topologically transitive is metrically transitive and that, in general, the reciprocal is not true. However, Morse [27] in 1946 proposed the following conjecture: any topologically transitive dynamical system with any degree of regularity is metrically transitive. The phrase \"some degree of regularity\" may mean, for example, that the dynamical system is real analytic, smooth, have a finite number of singularities, etc. In the second part of the thesis, we show the conjecture to the Morse for an dynamical system defined by a \'R POT. 2\'-action on a closed 3-manifold whose singular set is a finite union of orbits circle. This is a generalization of a similar result obtained by Ding in [18] for flows on closed surfaces

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:28:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo581_1.pdf: 552963 bytes, checksum: 9eb5fcb8fb1b04a21127f2d0adb95818 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Universidade Federal de Sergipe / Neste trabalho, estudamos questões relacionadas à existência e multiplicidade de soluções do tipo estacionária para uma classe de sistemas de equações de Schrödinger com potenciais mudando de sinal e não-linearidades ilimitadas na variável x. Consideraremos diversos tipos de crescimento para o termo não-linear. Na obtenção de nossos resultados usamos métodos variacionais do tipo mini-max e teoria de regularidade de equações elípticas de segunda ordem

We extend the concept of central configurations to the N-body problem in spaces of nonzero constant curvature. Based on the work of Florin Diacu on relative equilib- ria of the curved N-body problem and the work of Smale on general relative equilibria, we find a natural way to define the concept of central configurations with the effective potentials. We characterize the ordinary central configurations as constrained critical points of the cotangent potential, which helps us to establish the existence of ordi- nary central configurations for any given masses. After these fundamental results, we study central configurations on H2, ordinary central configurations in S3, and special central configurations in S3 in three separate chapters. For central configurations on H2, we generalize the theorem of Moulton on geodesic central configurations, the theorem of Shub on the compactness of central configurations, the theorem of Conley on the index of geodesic central configurations, and the theorem of Palmore on the lower bound for the number of central configurations. We show that all three-body central configurations that form equilateral triangles must have three equal masses. For ordinary central configurations in S3, we construct a class of S3 ordinary central configurations. We study the geodesic central configurations of two and three bodies. Three-body non-geodesic ordinary central configurations that form equilateral trian- gles must have three equal masses. We also put into the evidence some other classes of central configurations. For special central configurations, we show that for any N ≥ 3, there are masses that admit at least one special central configuration. We then consider the Dziobek special central configurations and obtain the central con- figuration equation in terms of mutual distances and volumes formed by the position vectors. We end the thesis with results concerning the stability of relative equilibria associated with 3-body special central configurations. We find that these relative equilibria are Lyapunov stable when confined to S1, and that they are linearly stable on S2 if and only if the angular momentum is bigger than a certain value determined by the configuration. / Graduate

Introduction. Patient falls occur frequently in the acute hospital setting and are one of the most common adverse events experienced by hospitalised patients. In-hospital falls have negative outcomes for patients, causing injuries in up to half of those who fall. Falls in hospital create additional costs for health services due to increased length of stay (LOS), and greater health resource use. In contrast to much research focused on in-hospital falls worldwide, little is known about the rate, contributing factors and outcomes of inpatient falls in the state sector in South African hospitals. At the research hospital, a Falls Policy has been in place since 2013. The chosen falls risk screening tool, the Morse Falls Scale (MFS), had not been locally validated, and therefore its ability to accurately discriminate between patients who fall and patients who do not fall was unknown. A focused analysis of local falls incident reporting, and a description of contributory factors and consequences of falls, could better inform and target falls and fall injury prevention. Furthermore, this research may assist in service development and refining the Falls Policy. Methodology. The aim of this study was to obtain broad-based data on the magnitude of patient falls, and to identify factors contributing to falls. The aim was achieved in two parts, the first was a retrospective record review design. Predictive risk factors for falls were explored by comparing two patient groups, a Fall-Group and a Non-fall Group. In the FallGroup, further objectives related to describing circumstances surrounding fall events, including activities patients were performing at the time of the fall, the time of day and day of week the fall occurred, locations of fall events, and the clinical consequences sustained as a result of the fall. The use of the existing falls risk screening tool, the MFS, as well as its predictive accuracy to correctly identify patients at increased risk of falling was investigated. Second, a survey of nurses at the research hospital was undertaken to examine nurses' knowledge, attitudes and beliefs around the Falls Policy and current falls prevention practices. Results. There were 171 reported fall events during the ten-month period, representing 11.77% of adverse events and a falls rate of 0.73 per 1000 patient occupied bed days (POBD) during this time. Significant predictive risk factors for falling were a longer LOS and having a greater number of comorbid conditions. While the mean age of the sample was 50.0 years (SD=17.3 years), the Fall Group was significantly older than the Non-fall Group (p = .004). There were significantly more deaths in the Fall Group (p = .001), and this group had a longer average LOS (p < .001) compared to the Non-fall Group. The only sub-scale from the MFS that was significantly associated with falls was walking status. Minor-moderate clinical consequences were experienced as a result of the fall in 97% of cases (n=124). This study demonstrated that the MFS in use in the hospital has a low predictive accuracy of 55% at the current cut-off score of 50. At this score, the MFS has a sensitivity of 35.9% and a specificity of 75.4%. While an initial MFS was found in each of the cases, there was only evidence of a repeat MFS in 13 participants (9.7%) in the Fall Group. The nursing survey showed 70% of respondents had not had training on the Falls Policy (n=93) and only 37% (n=49) reported receiving regular feedback on fall rates. Receptiveness of most (66%, n=91) nurses to more training in falls prevention is encouraging. Discussion. The fall rate of 0.73 falls per POBD was lower than expected when compared to international studies. At the research hospital, when the Falls Policy was introduced in 2013, a fall was not defined in the policy and as highlighted in the nursing survey, there still appears to be lack of clarity on the fall definition. The MFS had a low predictive accuracy at the current cut-off score. The low sensitivity and specificity of the MFS in this setting may be due to the MFS not being updated regularly as per the Falls Policy. A further reason for the MFS poor predictive value may be the younger age group found in this sample when compared to international studies where the scale has performed better. Recommendations. The poor predictive value of the current risk screening tool found in this study is concerning. Therefore, further investigation into whether the MFS performs better if it is updated more frequently, and if completed in full, as per the Falls Policy, is recommended. Alternatively, the hospital should consider all patients with multiple comorbidities and those with longer length of stays at high risk, and provide interventions to minimise risk as per the Falls Policy. Future research into factors contributing to fall events and falls prevention should follow a prospective design and be supported at management as well as ward level. Further investigation into the most appropriate way to reduce harm from falls is recommended at the research site. Conclusion. This descriptive study provides a starting point for the hospital to examine the Falls Policy and falls prevention strategies currently in use. It is hoped that the study will contribute to local awareness-raising and capacity-building and help the hospital evaluate current practice and set a baseline for improvement.

Falls are a contributing factor to increased morbidity in the elderly and chronically ill populations and can affect overall quality of life. The literature indicates that oncology patients are a particularly vulnerable population who are further at risk for falls due to increased age, treatment related fatigue, side effects of medications, co-morbidities, decreased muscle tone, altered mental status, and anemia. Although patients with cancer are at a high risk for falls, this is not a well-documented patient problem in the nursing literature. This study examined the validity of the use of the Morse Fall Assessment Tool for use with Bone Marrow Transplant patients and explored other variables that might influence fall outcomes. This study was a retrospective chart review. The sample consisted of a total of 59 patients, which included 29 fallers and 30 non-fallers on a bone marrow transplant unit. There were 22 males and 37 females, ranging in age from 20 to 70 with a mean age of 53.9 (SD= 12.2).The results of this study indicate that there is a significant difference between fallers' (M= 43.8) and non-fallers' (M= 26.8) scores on the Morse Fall Scale (p= 0.000). Significant differences between groups were found with history of falls (p= 0.042), secondary diagnosis (p= 0.015), and muscle weakness (p= 0.025). Laboratory results from fallers and non-fallers revealed significant differences in platelet count (p= 0.003), BUN (p= 0.032), glucose (p= 0.009), and phosphorous (p= 0.001). This is the first study to document falls in the bone marrow transplant population. This study should be a stimulus for future studies conducted in the oncology and/or bone marrow transplant population. Studying falls in these patients is essential to understanding the physiological risk factors that may contribute to patient falls. Findings lay the foundation for studying falls in the bone marrow transplant population. It is crucial to study falls in this population in order to make appropriate assessments and interventions to keep this population free from injury.

A unique and significant composition, the Althorn Sonata by Paul Hindemith contains several enigmas and anomalies: details about the premiere remain unknown; scored for the alto horn, a band instrument of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the piece seldom finds itself performed on that instrument; although Hindemith composed his instrumental sonatas as composition exercises, for the instruments he intended to use in his large-scale works, his sonata for alto horn marks an unusual exception; the work evolves through Baroque sonata da chiesa form; a Morse code message from a Renaissance painter appears in the second movement, along with references to numerology; and, after the third movement, the horn player and pianist recite a poem, penned by the composer, which becomes musically depicted in the final movement. Hindemith’s apparent fondness, for the art of word play, proves the inspiration for enigmas and anomalies found in this sonata. The key to his mystery lies in plain sight: “Alt” translates as both “alto” and “old.” The purpose of this dissertation is to unveil to the musical world, especially to horn and saxophone players, the several enigmas and anomalies found in Hindemith’s Althorn Sonata. By exposing the nature and depth of this mystery, it will illuminate the intellectual prowess of Paul Hindemith, elevating his Althorn Sonata to a place it deserves in the horn repertoire.

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / Background: The two-stage implant system has proven to be a successful technique in replacing missing teeth (Nascimento et al., 2008). Nevertheless, the presence of micro-gaps that could entrap microbes at the implant-abutment interface (IAI) is unavoidable. This microbial leakage has been considered as one of the causes of peri-implant infection and bone loss (Scarano et al., 2005). Several companies have attempted to manufacture an implant with a connection design that provides hermetic sealing against bacterial leakage. Studies indicated that implants with internal connection, in particular the conical (Morse taper) design, have better sealing capacity in the implant abutment interface than the external design (Koutouzis et al., 2011, Jaworski et al., 2012). An internal conical implant system with a novel connection design, known as the Grand Morse (GM) connection, is reported to offer secure connection against micro-leakage (Neodent® Implant Systems Inc., 2018). Aims: The aim of this study was to test the sealing ability against bacterial leakage in the implant-abutment interface provided by an implant with a novel deep internal conical (GM) connection design.

Tesis por compendio / The diffractive optical elements have enhanced his importance in the last decades due to the improvement of the technology which allows its construction and the greater computing power that helps predicting the behaviour of the diffractive structures in function of the design parameters without en extra cost. The periodic symmetry become a key factor in order to understand the performance of these elements, and it allows to study the properties and the applicability of the different diffractive elements. However, this periodicity also introduces certain limitation in the design of the elements and their properties, such as high chromatic aberration when they are used as image forming elements. To overcome this limitations it was proposed the use of deterministic aperiodic sequences in the design of the diffractive optical elements. In this Thesis work I study different aperiodic sequences and their effect in the design of new diffractive structures. In particular, we use the Cantor fractal set, the Fibonacci sequence and the Thue--Morse series in the design of devices with different purposes. Along the development of the Thesis there have been generated new diffractive elements which overcome some limitations, opening new field for the application of pre-existing technologies. Between them, they can be highlighted the optical alignment systems, the generation of optical vortex, the reduction of the chromatic aberration and the enhancement of the focal depth in image forming elements. / Los elementos ópticos difractivos han ganado importancia en las últimas décadas debido al avance de la tecnología que permite su construcción y al aumento de la potencia de cálculo computacional que permite predecir, con un coste mínimo, su comportamiento en función de los múltiples parámetros que definen su estructura. La periodicidad constituye un factor clave a la hora de entender su funcionamiento y estudiar las propiedades y aplicabilidad de los diferentes tipos de elementos difractivos. Ahora bien, esta periodicidad también introduce ciertas limitaciones en el diseño de los elementos y en sus propiedades, como por ejemplo una alta aberración cromática al ser utilizados como elementos formadores de imagen. Para superar estas limitaciones se propuso la aplicación de secuencias aperiódicas deterministas al diseño de los elementos ópticos difractivos. En este trabajo de Tesis se han estudiado diferentes secuencias aperiódicas y sus efectos en el diseño de nuevas estructuras difractivas. En particular, se ha utilizado la secuencia fractal de Cantor, la serie de Fibonacci y la serie de Thue--Morse en el diseño de dispositivos difractivos con diferentes finalidades. A lo largo del desarrollo del trabajo de Tesis se han generado nuevos elementos difractivos que superan ciertas limitaciones, abriendo nuevos campos de aplicación a tecnologías preexistentes. Entre ellos, podemos destacar los sistemas de alineación óptica, la generación de vórtices ópticos, la reducción de la aberración cromática y el aumento de la profundidad de foco en elementos formadores de imagen. / Els elements òptics difractius han guanyat importancia les últimes dècades degut a l'avanç de la tecnología que permet la seua construcció y a l'augment de la potència de càlcul computacional que permet predir, amb un cost mínim, el seu comportament en funció dels diferents parámetres que defineixen la seua estructura. La periodicitat constitueix un factor clau a l'hora d'entendre el seu funcionament y estudiar les propietats y aplicabilitat dels diferents tipus d'elements difractius. Ara be, aquesta periodicitat tambe introdueix certes llimitacions en el disseny dels elements y les seus propietats, com per exemple una elevada aberració cromàtica quan actuen com a elements formadors d'imatges. Per superar aquestes llimitacions es va proposar l'aplicació de diferents sequencies aperiòdiques deterministes al disseny dels elements òptics difractius. En aquest treball de Tesi estudie diferents sequencies aperiòdiques y els seus efectes en el disseny de noves estructures difractives. En particular, s'han utilitzat la secuencia fractal de Cantor, la serie de Fibonacci y la serie de Thue--Morse en el disseny de dispositius difractius amb diferents finalitats. Al llarg del desenvolupament del treball de Tesi s'han generat nous elements difractius que superen certes llimitacions, obint nous camps d'aplicació a tecnologies preexistents. Entre ells, podem destacar els sistemes d'alineació òptica, la generació de vòrtex òptics, la reducció de l'aberració cromàtica y l'augment de la profunditat de fòcus d'elements formadors d'imatges. / Ferrando Martín, V. (2017). Diseño y aplicaciones de nuevas estructuras difractivas aperiódicas [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/79508 / TESIS / Premios Extraordinarios de tesis doctorales / Compendio

In this work we deal with conversion of 3D triagonal polygonal meshes to the 3D spline patches using spectral analysis. The converted mesh is divided into quadrilaterals using eigenvectors of Laplacian operator. These quadrilaterals will be converted into spline patches. We will present some interesting results of this method. The assets and imperfections of this method will be briefly discussed.