Neste trabalho, estudamos a existência de soluções não triviais para uma classe de equações de Schrödinger não lineares envolvendo um campo magnético com condição de Dirichlet ou condição de fronteira mista Dirichlet-Neumann. Nos dois primeiros capítulos, damos uma estimativa para o número de soluções não triviais para o problema de Dirichlet em termos da topologia do domínio. Nos dois capítulos restantes, consideramos o problema de fronteira mista e estimamos o número de soluções não triviais em termos da topologia da porção da fronteira onde é prescrita a condição de Neumann. Em ambos os casos, usamos a teoria de categoria de Ljusternik-Schnirelmann e a teoria de Morse / We study the existence of nontrivial solutions for a class of nonlinear Schrödinger equations involving a magnetic field with Dirichlet or mixed DirichletNeumann boundary condition. In the first two chapters we give an estimate for the number of nontrivial solutions for the Dirichlet boundary value problem in terms of topology of the domain. In the last two chapters we consider mixed DirichletNeumann boundary value problems and the estimation of the number of nontrivial solutions is given in terms of the topology of the part of the boundary where the Neumann condition is prescribed. In both cases, we use Lyusternik- Shnirelman category and the Morse theory

Neste trabalho estudamos problemas de reação difusão em domínios unidimensionais que surgem de materiais compostos e obtemos resultados comparando os fluxos do problema original e do problema limite quando a difusão fica muito grande em partes do domínio. Provamos que os autovalores e autofunções do operador linear ilimitado associado à equação limite têm a propriedade de Sturm Liouville e provamos que as soluções do problema de reação difusão têm a propriedade do decrescimento do número de zeros ao longo do tempo. Estes resultados são usados para provar que as variedades instável e estável de pontos de equilíbrios são genericamente transversais e que o fluxo no atrator para o problema de reação difusão é genericamente estruturalmente estável. Estes fatos permitem obter a equivalência topológica dos fluxos restritos aos atratores dos problemas original e seu problema limite. / In this work we study some reaction-difusion problems in one dimensional domains that arise from composite materials. We obtain some results comparing the flux of the original problem and the flux of the limit problem when the difusion becomes large on parts of the physical domain. We prove that the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the linear unbounded operator associated with the equation have the Sturm Liouville property and also that the solutions of the reaction difusion equation have the property that the zeros do not increase with time. These results are used to obtain that the stable and unstable manifolds of equilibrium points are generically transversal and that the flux on the attractor for the reaction difusion problem is generically structurally stable. Using this we are able to prove the topological equivalence of the fluxs restricted to the attractors of the original and the limit problem.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-04-17T20:39:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 alberthjohnnunezsullca.pdf: 789070 bytes, checksum: 6fff839362c420dcaaaf67f1f9975a5e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-04-18T13:51:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 alberthjohnnunezsullca.pdf: 789070 bytes, checksum: 6fff839362c420dcaaaf67f1f9975a5e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-18T13:52:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 alberthjohnnunezsullca.pdf: 789070 bytes, checksum: 6fff839362c420dcaaaf67f1f9975a5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-17 / Apresentamos neste trabalho uma decomposição celular CW das variedades Grassmannianas via teoria de Morse. Isto é feito de duas maneiras distintas por meio de representações matriciais das Grassmannianas chamadas modelo projeção e modelo reflexão. Definimos funções de Morse, a saber, uma função do tipo altura e uma função do tipo “distância ao quadrado”, respectivamente, para cada um dos modelos projeção e reflexão. Estudamos os seus pontos críticos e os índices dos mesmos, obtendo assim duas formas para calcular a decomposição celular CW. Em particular, no modelo projeção, isto é feito exibindo-se as curvas integrais associadas ao campo gradiente da função altura. / We present in this work a CW cellular decomposition of Grassmannian varieties via Morse theory. This is done in two different ways. By means of matrix representations of Grassmannian called model projection and reflection model. We define Morse functions, namely a height-type function and a "square-distance" function, respectively, for each of the projection and reflection models. We study their critical points and their indices, thus obtaining two ways to calculate the CW cellular decomposition. In particular, in the projection model, this is done by displaying the integral curves associated with the gradient field of the height function.

Orientador: Ketty Abaroa de Rezende / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T17:12:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EspirituLedesma_GuidoGerson_D.pdf: 1229937 bytes, checksum: 00f2d538b5b2a2c4147d828351f4ef16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Neste trabalho, usamos os grafos de Lyapunov como uma ferramenta combinat{\'o}ria para obter classifica\c{c}{\~o}es completas de fluxos Smale sobre $\ss$ e fluxos Morse-Novikov sobre superf{\'i}cies orient{\'a}veis e n{\~a}o orient{\'a}veis. Esta classifica\c{c}{\~a}o consiste em obter condi\c{c}{\~o}es necess{\'a}rias e suficientes que devem ser satisfeitas por um grafo de Lyapunov abstrato de forma a ser associado a um fluxo Smale sobre $\ss$ ou um fluxo Morse-Novikov sobre uma superf{\'i}cie respectivamente. Assim nesta tese de doutorado obtemos os seguintes resultados: \begin{enumerate} \item As condições locais que devem ser satisfeitas por cada vértice do grafo de Lyapunov, assim como as condições globais que devem ser satisfeitas pelos grafos para estarem associados a um fluxo Smale sobre $\ss$ ou a um fluxo Morse-Novikov sobre uma superfície s{\~a}o determinadas. \item A realização destes grafos abstratos sujeita {\'a}s condições determinadas acima, como fluxos Smale sobre $\ss$ ou fluxos Morse-Novikov sobre superfícies respectivamente, são obtidas. \end{enumerate} / Abstract: In this work Lyapunov graphs are used as a combinatorial tool in order to obtain a complete classification of Smale flows on $\ss$ and Morse-Novikov flows on orientable and non-orientable surfaces. This classification consists in determining necessary and sufficient conditions that must be satisfied by an abstract Lyapunov graph so that it is associated to a Smale flow on $\ss$ or to a Morse-Novikov flow on a surface respectively.\\ In summary in this doctoral thesis we obtain the following results: \begin{enumerate} \item The local conditions that must be satisfied by each vertex on a Lyapunov graph is determinated as well as the global conditions on the graph in order for it to be associated to a Smale flow on $\ss$ or a Morse-Novikov flow on a surface. \item The realization of these graphs subject to the conditions found above as Smale flows on $\ss$ or as Morse-Novikov flows on surfaces respectively is obtained. \end{enumerate} / Doutorado / Matematica / Doutor em Matemática

Orientador: Ketty Abaroa de Rezende / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T22:09:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vieira_EwertonRocha_D.pdf: 1632095 bytes, checksum: 5dc3208efc5649260ca62805c3e8e1b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Nessa tese, apresentamos uma unificação da teoria das matrizes de transição algébrica, singular, topológica e direcional ao introduzir a matriz de transição (generalizada), a qual engloba todas as quatros citadas anteriormente. Alguns resultados de existência são apresentados bem como a verificação de que cada matriz de transição supracitada são casos particulares da matriz de transição (generalizada). Além disso, nós abordamos como as aplicações das quatros matrizes de transiçao, na teoria do índice de Conley, se traduzem para a matriz de transição (generalizada). Quando a matriz de transição (generalizada) satisfizer o requerimento adicional de cobrir o isomorfismo do índice de Conley F definido pelo fluxo, pode-se provar propriedades de existência e de conexão de órbitas. Essa matriz de transição com a propriedade de cobrir o isomorfismo F é definida como matriz de transição topológica generalizada e a utilizamos para obter conexões de órbitas num fluxo Morse-Smale sem órbitas periódicas bem como para obter conexões de órbitas numa continuação associada à sequência espectral dinâmica / Abstract: In this thesis, we present a unification of the theory of algebraic, singular, topological and directional transition matrices by introducing the (generalized) transition matrix which encompasses each of the previous four. Some transition matrix existence results are presented as well as the verification that each of the previous transition matrices are cases of the (generalized) transition matrix. Furthermore, we address how applications of the previous transition matrices to the Conley Index theory carry over to the (generalized) transition matrix. When this more general transition matrix satisfies the additional requirement that it covers flow-defined Conley-index isomorphisms, one proves algebraic and connection-existence properties. These general transition matrices with this covering property are referred to as generalized topological transition matrices and are used to consider connecting orbits of Morse-Smale flows without periodic orbits, as well as those in a continuation associated to a dynamical spectral sequence / Doutorado / Matematica / Doutor em Matemática

Cette thèse établit l'existence d'une variante de l'homologie de Floer de type Morse-Bott. Étant donnés une variété torique (W²ⁿ, ω, µ) et un hamiltonien H : W × S ¹ → ℝ invariant par l’action du tore de dimension n Tⁿ, , les orbites de H sont stables par l’action torique. Cette dernière admettant des points fixes dans W, elle n’est pas libre, pareillement pour celle induit sur les lacets de W et il est, a priori, impossible de construire une théorie de Morse-Bott équivariante au niveau de C∞(S¹, W)/Tⁿ. Nous remédions à ce problème en adoptant la construction de Borel : nous choisissons un espace E contractile muni d’une action libre du tore regardons l’homologie de Morse-Bott en dimension infinie de l’espace (C∞(S¹, W) × E)/Tⁿ où Tⁿ agit cette fois de manière diagonale sur le produit.L’homologie obtenue est un invariant pour les variétés symplectiques toriques et nous le calculons dans le cas d’une variété fermée. / This thesis establishes the existence of a version of Floer homology in a Morse-Bottcontext. Given a toric manifold (Wⁿ, ω, µ) and a hamiltonian H : W × S¹ → ℝ invariant bythe action of the torus Tⁿ, the periodical orbits of H are stable by the toric action.The latter admits fix points in W and hence it not free, neither one induced on the spaceof the loops of W and it is, a priori, impossible to establish a equivariant infinite-dimensionalMorse-Bott theory on C∞(S¹, W)/Tⁿ. We deal with this problem using Borel’s construction : we choose a space contractible E witha free action from the torus and look at the infinite-dimensional Morse-Bott homology of thespace (C∞(S¹, W) × E)/Tⁿ where Tⁿ act in a diagonal way on the product.We obtain an invariant for symplectic toric manifold and computes it for a closed manifold.

We generalize Forman’s discrete Morse theory, on one end by developing a discrete analogue of Morse-Bott theory for CW complexes, motivated by Morse-Bott theory in the smooth setting. On the other, motivated by J-N. Corvellec’s Morse theory for continuous functionals, we generalize Forman’s discrete Morse-floer theory by considering a vector field more general than the one extracted from a discrete Morse function, and defining a boundary operator from which the Betti numbers of the CW complex are obtained. We also do some Conley theory analysis.

The Leray-Serre spectral sequence is a fundamental tool for studying singular homology of a fibration E->B with typical fiber F. It expresses H (E) in terms of H (B) and H (F). One of the classic examples of a fibration is given by the free loop space fibration, where the typical fiber is given by the based loop space . The first part of this thesis constructs the Leray-Serre spectral sequence in Morse homology on Hilbert manifolds under certain natural conditions, valid for instance for the free loop space fibration if the base is a closed manifold. We extend the approach of Hutchings which is restricted to closed manifolds. The spectral sequence might provide answers to questions involving closed geodesics, in particular to spectral invariants for the geodesic energy functional. Furthermore we discuss another example, the free loop space of a compact G-principal bundle, where G is a connected compact Lie group. Here we encounter an additional difficulty, namely the base manifold of the fiber bundle is infinite-dimensional. Furthermore, as H ( P) = HF (T P) and H ( Q) =HF (T Q), where HF denotes Floer homology for periodic orbits, the spectral sequence for P -> Q might provide a stepping stone towards a similar spectral sequence defined in purely Floer-theoretic terms, possibly even for more general symplectic quotients. Hutchings’ approach to the Leray-Serre spectral sequence in Morse homology couples a fiberwise negative gradient flow with a lifted negative gradient flow on the base. We study the Morse homology of a vector field that is not of gradient type. The central issue in the Hilbert manifold setting to be resolved is compactness of the involved moduli spaces. We overcome this difficulty by utilizing the special structure of the vector field. Compactness up to breaking of the corresponding moduli spaces is proved with the help of Gronwall-type estimates. Furthermore we point out and close gaps in the standard literature, see Section 1.4 for an overview. In the second part of this thesis we introduce a Lagrangian Floer homology on cotangent bundles with varying Lagrangian boundary condition. The corresponding complex allows us to obtain the Leray-Serre spectral sequence in Floer homology on the cotangent bundle of a closed manifold Q for Hamiltonians quadratic in the fiber directions. This corresponds to the free loop space fibration of a closed manifold of the first part. We expect applications to spectral invariants for the Hamiltonian action functional. The main idea is to study pairs of Morse trajectories on Q and Floer strips on T Q which are non-trivially coupled by moving Lagrangian boundary conditions. Again, compactness of the moduli spaces involved forms the central issue. A modification of the compactness proof of Abbondandolo-Schwarz along the lines of the Morse theory argument from the first part of the thesis can be utilized.

Bridges with external post-tensioned tendons are considered to be more durable than bridges with internal tendons (tendons within the webs and flanges), because external tendons are easier to inspect. In addition, in the event that extensive corrosion damage is detected, it is possible to replace an external tendon. However, an appropriate inspection for detecting damage needs to be determined for external tendons. This investigation focuses on the vibration technique, which uses the dynamic properties of the external tendon to infer the effective prestress force. Four large-scale external tendons, designed to simulate one section of an external tendon between two deviators in a post-tensioned bridge, were tested. In the study, damage to the tendons was induced in a quantifiable fashion at a specific location and the tensile force was measured directly. In addition, free-vibration tests were conducted periodically. This provided a direct means of measuring the sensitivity of measured natural frequencies and measured tensile force to local damage. The measured data were correlated with an approximation of the stiff string vibration model. In addition to the laboratory specimens, field testing was conducted on a bridge with external post-tensioned tendons. The findings from the study show that a loss in tensile force was not linear with a loss in the cross-sectional area of the strand, which results from stress redistribution within the tendon. Also, the natural frequencies were much less sensitive to the level of induced damage than the tensile force. While the measured data from the laboratory data compared very well with the analytical model, the field measurements exhibited a much greater deviation from the model. Due to several factors, the difference between the laboratory specimens and the bridge tendons are believed to be caused by larger levels of inherent error in the model. The findings from the investigation support the notion that vibration testing is most appropriately used in comparing relative differences between peer tendons. / text

Cette thèse porte sur deux aspects de la théorie de Morse: théorie de Morse discrète de Forman (cas de la dimension finie) et homologie de Heegaard-Floer (cas de la dimension infinie).<br />Dans une première partie, on s'intéresse au problème de relèvement de signe pour l'homologie de Heegaard-Floer combinatoire. On montre que la construction originale faite par Manolescu, Ozsváth, Szabó et D. Thurston peut être refaite de manière plus conceptuelle. On donne ensuite le lien entre ces deux constructions puis finalement on décrit un algorithme qui permet de calculer les signes.<br />La seconde partie porte sur la théorie de Morse discrète définie par Forman. Après avoir fait le lien entre l'algèbre sur les complexes de chaînes et la théorie de Morse discrète, on montre que le complexe de Thom-Smale donné par une fonction de Morse lisse sur variété lisse close peut être réalisé par une triangulation et une fonction de Morse discrète sur celle-ci. On utilise cela pour obtenir une représentation particulière sous forme de couplage complet de toute structure d'Euler sur une variété de dimension 3 close orientée.