Med ett ökande antal IoT enheter finns behov av energieffektiva metoder för överföring av data över långa avstånd. Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) är ett samlingsnamn för nätverkstekniker som utvecklats för att tillgodose dessa behov. LoRa som undersökt i detta arbete är en av dessa tekniker och arbetets syfte har varit att ta reda på hur olika typer av terränger påverkar överföringen med LoRa samt vilka möjligheter det finns för att förbättra överföringen då förhållandena inte är gynnsamma. Undersökningen har genomförts genom tester där nätverksutrusning ställts upp på utvalda platser för att göra mätningar på signalstyrka och paketförlust vid skogs- och stadsmiljö samt fri sikt. Parametrar som inverkar på signalstyrka och paketförlust har varierats vid ett av testen för undersökning vid ej gynnsamma förhållanden. Att kunna på ett lämpligt sätt samla in och presentera data från en IoT-applikation är en förutsättning för att kunna dra nytta av den informationen som applikationen ger. Ett SCADA system används inom många områden till detta ändamål och arbetet innefattar även en lösning för överföring från LoRa till WinCC som är ett SCADA system. Undersökningen av LoRa har visat att längst räckvidd med bäst signalstyrka och minst paketförlust fås vid fri sikt och den terräng som ger sämst resultat är skogsterräng. Den parameter som ger mest påverkan på signalstyrkan är bandbredden och parametern spridningsfaktor ger vid ökning ett mindre antal förlorade datapaket. / With an increasing number of IoT devices, there is a need for energy efficient methods for transferring data over long distances. The Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) is a collective name for network technologies developed to meet these needs. LoRa, which has been investigated in this work, is one of these techniques. The purpose of the investigation has been to find out how different types of terrain affect the transmission with LoRa and what opportunities there are to improve the transmission when the conditions are bad. The investigation has been carried out through tests where network equipment has been placed in selected locations to make measurements on signal strength and packet loss in forest and urban environments as well as free sight. Parameters that give an impact on signal strength and packet loss have been varied in one of the tests for investigation in the case of bad conditions. Being able to collect and present data from an IoT application is a condition to get any benefits form the information from the application. A SCADA is used in many areas for this purpose and the work also includes a solution for transmission of data from LoRa to WinCC which is a SCADA system. The investigation of LoRa has shown that the longest range with the best signal strength and with the minimum number of lost packages are obtained in clear sight and the terrain that produces the worst results is forest terrain. The parameter that has the most impact on signal strength is the bandwidth and the parameter spreading factor gives a smaller number of lost data packets when increasing.

Cílem této práce je vytvořit komunikační sběrnici pro platformu Testos, což umožní nástrojům platformy spolu komunikovat a využívat navzájem svoje služby. V textu jsou prozkoum8na současná řešení a protokoly založené na modelu Publish-Subscribe. Dále také práce specifikuje požadavky na komunikační sběrnici vyhovující potřebám platformy Testos a také navrhuje řešení pro splnění daných požadavků.   V rámci výzkumu byly prozkoumány tři řešení - MQTT, DDS a AMQP. Průzkum každého řešení byl zaměřen na způsob komunikace a hlavní funkční prvky. Jako startovací bod implementace sběrnice byl vybrán protokol MQTT. Tato práce také specifikuje jak tento protokol rozšířit, aby byly splněny požadavky na sběrnici. Mezi stěžejní rozšíření navrhnuté v rámci této práce patří management životního cyklu požadavků rozšiřující způsob doručování zpráv a mechanismus zasílání požadavků standardu MQTT. Protokol byl také rozšířen o možnost shlukování zpráv do BULK paketu za účelem snížení množství potřebných síťových zdrojů. Výsledkem je Testos Bus, který je postavený na upraveném a rozšířeném protokolu MQTT, který zahrunuje implementaci brokeru a klientských knihoven pro Python a C++. Testos Bus naplňuje všechny povinné požadavky platformy, což ověřují automatické testy.

The aim of this work is to create a unified control and supervision system, SCADA, for controlling the heating and cooling of the company. The system is controlled by UniPi PLC units. Node-RED is used as control software. The user interface is created by an extension "dashboard". For communication between elements using the MQTT protocol. The InfluxDB database is used for data storage. The Grafana tool is used to visualize historical data. The majority of the created system consists of open software. The system is universal, expandable and it is possible to connect it with another system. The system can be used or adapted to similar problems of advanced heating control.

Immense amounts of water are wasted daily, and it is as important as ever to optimize our water consumption, especially considering that today around 850 million people lack access to clean water. With the rise of the Internet of Things, creating a monitoring system for this purpose becomes easier, but there arises a problem of interfacing water meters to IoT capable devices.In this thesis a framework for IoT smart water monitoring is presented. Both short range and long range communication techniques are shown, compared and discussed. Similarly, different smart water meters and their characteristics are compared.The main goal of this thesis was to implement an interface between a sensor node and the water meter, ensuring the transmission of data in an easy way. To achieve this goal, a M-Bus library integrated into Contiki-OS is presented, thereby showing that it is possible to interface a water meter with a sensor node. The implemented library is capable of changing some of the configurations of the water meter, receiving data from the water meter, as well as forwarding the data via MQTT or CoAP protocols for further processing on the server side. / Stora mängder vatten slösas dagligen och det är viktigt nu att vi optimerar vattenförbrukningen, särskilt med tanke på att cirka 850 miljoner människor idag saknar tillgång till rent vatten. Med uppkomst av Sakernas Internet blir det lättare att skapa ett övervakningssystem för detta ändamål, men det finns fortfarande problem med att ansluta vattenmätare till IoT-kompatibla enheter.I detta arbete presenteras ett ramverk för smart vattenmätning med IoT. Både kortdistansoch långdistanskommunikationsteknik presenteras, jämförs och diskuteras. På samma sätt jämförs olika smarta vattenmätare och deras egenskaper.Huvudsyftet med denna arbetet var att implementera ett gränssnitt mellan en sensornod och vattenmätare, vilket säkerställer överföring av data på ett enkelt sätt. För att uppnå detta mål presenteras ett M-Bus-bibliotek integrerat i ContikiOS, vilket visar att det är möjligt att koppla en vattenmätare till en sensornod. Det implementerade biblioteket kan ändra delar av vattenmätarens konfigurering, ta emot data från vattenmätaren, samt vidarebefordra data via MQTT eller CoAP för vidare bearbetning hos servern.

В работе поднимается проблема отсутствия необходимых методов и технологий тестирования устройств Интернета вещей в автоматическом режиме. В качестве решения проблемы предложена методология тестирования встроенного программного обеспечения «умных» устройств. Методология была реализована в сервисе «ядро тестирования». Апробация работы сервиса проводились на примере проведения испытаний счетчика электрической энергии Милур 307 с интерфейсным модулем Карат-941LW. Автоматизация позволила значительно сократить время испытаний по сравнению с ручным тестированием. / The thesis raises the problem of the lack of necessary methods and technologies for testing IoT devices in automatic mode. As a solution to the problem, a methodology for testing the embedded software of “smart” devices is proposed. The methodology was implemented in the testing core service. The approbation of the service was carried out on the example of testing the Milur 307 electric energy meter with the Karat-941LW interface module. Automation has significantly reduced test time compared to manual testing.

Музыкальное сопровождение положительно влияет на продуктивность во время работы. Для повышения концентрации и снятия напряжения среди студентов предложено создать звуковую инсталляцию в коворкинге университета. В данной работе за основу берется экосистема, с которой датчики снимают показания температуры, давления и влажности воздуха, температуры и влажности почвы, а также освещенности. На основе данных показаний с помощью языка программирования Pure Data генерируется музыкальное сопровождение, которое соответствует текущему состоянию системы. С использованием платформы Node-RED реализован дашборд для мониторинга и управления состоянием экосистемы. Кроме того, в работе выявлены основные спринты и задачи, позволяющие реализовать управление похожим проектом с точки зрения владельца продукта. / Musical accompaniment has a positive effect on productivity during work. To increase concentration and relieve stress among students, it was proposed to create a sound installation in the coworking of the university. In this work, an ecosystem is taken as a basis, from which sensors take readings of temperature, pressure and air humidity, soil temperature and moisture, as well as illumination. Based on these readings, a musical accompaniment is generated using the Pure Data programming language, which corresponds to the current state of the system. Using the Node-RED platform, a dashboard was implemented to monitor and manage the state of the ecosystem. In addition, the work identified the main sprints and tasks that make it possible to implement the management of a similar project from the point of view of the product owner.

Context: Flatbed applicators are machines made for laminating, primarily signs on an industrial level. These applicators are controlled manually, which exhibits potential for digitalization in order to enhance the user experience. Problem: The first challenge is to develop a user interface for a mobile app, created to provide an easy path for communication to customers, with user-friendliness as the focal point. The second challenge is being able to communicate with a flatbed applicator, through the aforementioned app. Method: This project started out with pre-studies about the required topics. The system prototype was then designed and implemented with a focus on adequate UI design guidelines for the mobile app and a suitable protocol to enable communication between the app and the applicator. Results: The app prototype was developed through the usage of J.J. Garrett’s model along with Material Design guidelines, in order to establish a customer-centric user interface. Communicating between the mobile app and a PLC using TwinCAT, MQTT and React Native appears to be a feasible solution.

Many industries are now moving several of their processes into the cloud computing sphere. One important process is to collect machine data in an effective way. Moving signal collection processes to the cloud instead of on premise raises many questions about performance, scalability, security and cost.This thesis focuses on some of the market leading and cutting edge protocols appropriate for industrial production data collection. It investigates and compares the pros and cons of the protocols with respect to the demands of industrial systems. The thesis also presents examples of how the protocols can be used to collect data all the way to a higher-level system such as ERP or MES.The protocols focused on are MQTT and AMQP (in OPC-UA). The possibilities of OPC-UA in cloud computing is of extra interest to investigate in this thesis due to its increasing usage and development.

More and more devices around us are connected to the internet and communicate to each other. This includes devices such as radon sensors. Radon is a radio active gas and is the cause of several hundred cases of lung cancer. Smart connected radon sensors can be helpful to reduce the levels of radon as they provide remote access to the user. This study examines the opportunity to connect an already existing radon sensor to the “Internet of Things”. The aim of this study has been to answer the problem “find a better solution for the IoT system and develop it”. The study was performed with a literature study of three Internet of Things platforms. This resulted in one Internet of Thing platform being used throughout the study. A database system and a system with the chosen platform was implemented and a time measurement of the different systems was performed. The study has shown that a less secured system is faster and it is also shown that the Amazon Web Service IoT Core is fast with respect to the many features offered. The study concludes that the choice of system depends on where and how the system is supposed to be implement. If the system just needs to send and store data, a regular MySQL database is enough. If the system in the future is supposed to be able to communicate with other devices, a IoT platform should be used.

Today at various locations and factories we have a lot of sensors and actuators that interact with each other and a control-unit. The control-unit is in most cases a cloud-based solution. This is in most cases a good solution. However, there is a rise in expected devices and sensors which will most likely be too much data for the existing network to handle. This paper researches if a fog-unit might be the solution to this problem. The setup of the fog-unit in the network is a unit between the cloud and the sensors and actuators. In this paper the fog-unit and sensors/actuators have been emulated on Raspberry Pi’s. The sensors are emulated using python-threads and communicate with the fog-unit using the UDP-based protocol CoAP and the fog communicates to the cloud using the TCP- based protocol MQTT. After a prototype was built it using said Raspberry Pi’s it was sent through a few measurements in the fields of bandwidth, cloud-utilization and response times. This was later compared to another setup without the fog-unit as the control setup. The result with this kind of setup was that a fog-unit lowers the cloud-utilization and use of bandwidth, however it increases the round trip time of a request from the cloud by a large amount. Which leads to the conclusion that a fog-unit in this kind of setup might be a good network solution if the response time to the cloud isn’t important.