Com a edição da Lei Municipal nº 16.478/2016, o município de São Paulo institucionalizou a Política Municipal para a População Imigrante, a qual estabelece as diretrizes para um conjunto de políticas públicas municipais direcionadas à população migrante - nesta incluídos os refugiados, refugiadas e solicitantes de refúgio. Além da política municipal ainda inédita no país, a Lei nº 16.478/2016 também inovou por resultar de um processo de elaboração amplamente participativo, a fim de garantir a normatização de uma demanda reivindicada: o acesso efetivo à cidade. No caso específico dos e das habitantes em situação de refúgio, a falta de acesso à cidade significa a deficiência no seu acolhimento efetivo. O presente estudo de caso apresenta-se como uma investigação jurídico-sociológica que verifica se a garantia da participação política da população em situação de refúgio durante o processo de elaboração da referida lei consistiu em um meio de efetivação do seu direito à cidade. Para tanto, utiliza as técnicas de pesquisa teórica nas formas bibliográfica e documental, com o levantamento de obras, diretrizes e normativas sobre o tema, incluindo os documentos oficiais referentes à política municipal em comento. Realizada a análise crítica do material levantado, verificou-se que o direito à cidade significa o direito de participação integral na e da cidade, isto é, engloba tanto o direito de usufruir dos serviços e oportunidades oferecidos pelo ambiente urbano, como o direito de participar politicamente da sua construção. A partir de uma \"nova\" concepção de cidadania, pautada no novo constitucionalismo e no pensamento descolonial latino-americanos, os e as habitantes em situação de refúgio também se qualificam como cidadãos e cidadãs e, portanto, têm direito à cidade. O trabalho conclui pela efetivação parcial do direito à cidade de refugiados, refugiadas e solicitantes de refúgio por meio da garantia do seu direito de participação política durante o processo de elaboração da Política Municipal para a População Imigrante. / With the enactment of Municipal Law no. 16.478/2016, the municipality of São Paulo institutionalized the Municipal Policy for the Immigrant Population, which establishes the guidelines for a set of municipal public policies for the migrant population - including refugees and refugee applicants. In addition to the municipal policy still unpublished in the country, Law no. 16.478/2016 also innovated as a result of a largely participatory process of drafting, in order to guarantee the standardization of a claimed demand: effective access to the city. In the specific case of refugee population, the lack of access to the city means the deficiency in their effective reception. The presente case study presents itself as a juridical-sociological investigation that verifies if the guarantee of the political participation of the refugee population during the processo of drafting that law consisted of a means of enforcement their right to the city. For this purpose, it uses theoretical research techniques in bibliographical and documentary forms, with the collection of works, guidelines and regulations on the subject, including the official documents referring to the municipal policy in question. Once the critical analysis of the material has been analyzed, it has been verified that the right to the city means the right of full participation in and of the city, tha is it encompasses both the right to enjoy the services and opportunities offered by urban environment and the right to participate politically in its construction. From a \"new\" conception of citizenship based on the new Latin American constitutionalism and decolonial thinking, the refugee inhabitants also qualify as citizens, and therefore have the right to the city. The work concludes by the partial realization of the refugees and refugee applicants\" right to the city by guaranteeing their right to political participation during the process of draftinng the Municipal Policy for the Immigrant Population.

De par l’inéluctabilité des changements climatiques d’origine anthropiques en cours et à venir, l’adaptation des systèmes humains est désormais une priorité des agendas politiques municipaux. Néanmoins, la mise en pratique d’actions réduisant les vulnérabilités des populations et des territoires face aux impacts appréhendés se heurte à plusieurs barrières, parmi lesquelles celles d’ordre cognitif, organisationnel et institutionnel. Dans le cadre de cette recherche doctorale, les 83 entretiens semi-dirigés menés auprès d’acteurs professionnels en changements climatiques entre Paris et Montréal confirment l’idée d’une mosaïque de représentations sociales générées par l’expression « adaptation aux changements climatiques », laquelle donne lieu à des interprétations variées une fois la mise en œuvre engagée. L’analyse qualitative de ces données de terrain, complétée par l’apport de l’outil lexicométrique, permettent de mieux saisir certaines logiques d’actions, notamment celles motivant certaines décisions municipales ou celles en arrière de dynamiques organisationnelles. À partir de l’ensemble de ces résultats, la recherche souhaite exposer que l’avènement du volet portant sur l’adaptation aux changements climatiques dans un contexte urbain de pays industrialisé d’importance tel que Montréal ou Paris ne peut être assimilé à un changement de paradigme, mais s’apparente davantage à un vecteur de mise en application des préceptes du Développement durable telle qu’initiée par les mouvements « durables » de Rio (1992). Ainsi, bien qu’actuellement identifiée spécifiquement à la problématique climatique, l’adaptation pourrait rapidement se révéler comme un outil essentiel de participation à la fabrique de la ville viable. / Due to the inevitability of human-induced climate change, adaptation of human systems has become a priority of municipal political agendas. However, the implementation of actions on reducing the vulnerability of populations and territories to cope with impacts faces several barriers, including cognitive, organizational and institutional ones. As part of this doctoral research, the 83 semi-structured interviews conducted with professional actors in climate change between Paris and Montreal confirm the idea of a mosaic of social representations generated by the term "adaptation to climate change," which gives rise to various interpretations once implementation started. The qualitative analysis of field data, supported by lexicometric tool, allows to a better understanding regarding logic of actions, including some challenging municipal decisions or those behind organizational dynamics. From these results, the research wants to expose the advent of adaptation to climate change in an urban context of major industrialized countries such as Montreal or Paris can not be equated with a change paradigm, but more like a vehicle helping to implement the precepts of sustainable development, initiated by "sustainable" movements in Rio (1992). Thus, although currently specifically identified in the climate topic, adaptation could quickly become an essential tool for participation in the fabric of the city viable.

Author deals with possibility of making communal family policy in Prague. Author shows the drafts, how such kind of policy can be developped. The first part of this study offers analysis of conteporary stage in the several levels - stakeholders analysis, where the key stakehlders, their attitudes, reciprocial relations and ways of communication are marked out. Another part of analysis is the comparison analysis - the specific characteristics of the city districts are analysed, as well as the characteristisc of the regions and the Capital of the Slovák Republic, Bratislava. The secondary data are ušed as well as the primary data derived from the author's research. The second part of the study deals with the designs of the communal family policy in Prague and the description of the policy tools, according to the findings another methods are ušed - e.g. construction of the problems and goals trees and the future scenarios. There are many supplements in the study, mainly the tabs, schemes and other materials in the appendix.

Transitioning to a low-carbon energy system includes deploying renewables such as wind power, which has been installed in Sweden since the 1980s. After a 20 to 25-year lifetime, a wind turbine´s end-of-life options come into play, therefore many of the turbines deployed in Sweden prior to 2011 will reach this mark by 2035. To utilize a site´s wind resource in the best possible way, full repowering is considered in an assessment of seven case studies in Swedish municipalities with the highest deployed pre-2011 wind power capacity. Each case study uses various turbine models to evaluate full repowering scenarios. The most profitable scenarios are estimated through the investment over production (I/P) value and the break-even electricity price. The identified municipalities’ comprehensive plans are reviewed in terms of repowering strategies and wind power deployment guidelines. Only three out of seven investigated municipalities consider repowering in comprehensive plans, with Gotland being best prepared in terms of repowering strategies. Strömsund and Eslöv mention repowering in their comprehensive plans with no specific guidelines. Restrictive policies were identified in the municipality of Laholm, where the maximum total height of turbines is 150m, decreasing the potential annual energy production of an analyzed case study by 64%. The municipalities of Falkenberg, Laholm, Piteå, and Åsele do not include repowering in their comprehensive plans. All the simulated repowering scenarios increased the annual energy production of the identified sites by up to 73%, lowered the number of turbines by up to 70%, decreased the wake losses by up to 77%, and decreased the noise level by 10% while increasing the potential shadow flicker by 19%. The results of the study indicate a possible divide between the intention of the municipalities of Eslöv, Strömsund, and Åsele to maximize energy production from wind power at each exploited site on the one hand and the business cases that developers face on the other. The results suggest the turbines which increase energy production the most at already developed sites, are not necessarily the ones with the lowest investment over production (I/P) value or the lowest break-even electricity price.

I denna uppsats undersöks en relativt ny typ av kommunala dokument, som kallas för miljöprogram. Programmen klassificeras som styrdokument av kommunerna som har tagit fram dem. Dessa har än så länge inte varit föremål för språkvetenskaplig forskning.  Studiens material består av tre kommunala miljöprogram från olika delar av Sverige. Programmen är tillgängliga för allmänheten på kommunernas webbplatser. Syftet med studien är att få kunskaper om miljöprogrammen utifrån sin kontext, innehåll och funktion.  Materialet har undersökts genom en analys av programmens innehållskomponenter och de i texterna mest frekvent förekommande ord, mot bakgrund av programmens kontext enligt systemisk-funktionell grammatik.  Resultaten visar att de undersökta miljöprogrammen har många likheter när det gäller innehållet och de komponenter som förekommer i dem. Dessa likheter kan främst kopplas till programmens övergripande funktion som styrdokument. Det finns dock fler funktioner som kan identifieras. / This thesis investigates a new type of municipal document called environment programs. These programs are classified as policy documents by the municipalities who have developed them. This type of policy documents has not yet been studied from a linguistic perspective. The material investigated in this thesis consists of three environment programs from municipalities in different parts of Sweden. These three programs are publicly available at the websites of the municipalities. By comparing the three programs based on their context, content and function, knowledge is gained about environmental programs as a new type of policy document. The material has been examined through analysis of content and most frequently used words, in the light of their context according to systemic functional grammar (SFG). The results show that the programs that have been studied have many similar characteristics when it comes to content and the components the programs contain. These characteristics also show that the programs mainly function as policy documents for the municipalities. Several other functions can be identified

On July 4th, 2007, a small group of housing activists set up a tent city encampment in a plaza adjacent to New Orleans City Hall. The action resulted in the creation of Homeless Pride, a small group of politicized Plaza residents. Six months later, hundreds of homeless people were moved from the park, and it was fenced off. Using archival videos, interviews, and news media, this thesis analyzes the opportunities and constraints that activists, service providers, and local officials faced in light of two intersecting and overlapping contexts. The first context is the immediate crisis of the levee failures after Hurricane Katrina, and the second is the longer-term national political-economic context of “neoliberal urbanism”. Because of dire short-term circumstances, Homeless Pride articulated a message of homelessness as a “crisis” even though they had larger structural goals and vision. In light of recent “Occupy” movements, this case study addresses crucial questions for organizers and policymakers attempting to combat poverty and wealth inequality.

This master thesis is a case study that deals with the concept of multilevel governance and its applicability in the regulation of the modern trend in shared economy - the digital platform Airbnb. The base resource for the study is the territory of the capital city of Prague, where this phenomenon has a massive impact on the problems in legislative issues. The political debate on this agenda fills the headlines of media news and tends to lead to major changes or mobilization of the electorate in the upcoming years. The enormous rise of developing this service has put politics at all levels of government ahead of serious legislative and political challenges. Application of the Airbnb service example on our theory forms the core of the empirical part of the research. The aim of this thesis is to examine the importance and role of each individual level based on the concept of multilevel governance in relation to the regulation of the Airbnb phenomenon. The main part of the thesis is devoted for processing semi-structured interviews with the main representatives of each individual level, media monitoring and analysis of available resources. Based on research is obvious that the basic postulates of the multi-level governance approach can be considered as valid because they are displayed at all selected...

[pt] Este trabalho analisa se a eleição de mineradores como prefeitos em municípios brasileiros tem implicações sobre o gasto público ambiental e a saúde pública. Primeiro, ao combinar diferentes bases de dados públicas administrativas, este trabalho identifica candidatos a prefeitos que detém uma licença de mineração. Então, eu seleciono eleições com margem de vitória estreita para aplicar uma regressão com descontinuidade que estima os impactos de eleger um prefeito minerador na despesa pública ambiental. Na sequência, utilizando diferenças-em-diferenças, eu foco na eleição de prefeitos mineradores de ouro, cuja extração artesanal é altamente tóxica, e verifico se a potencial emissão de mercúrio pelos garimpos afeta a saúde pública em municípios vizinhos. Em ambos os casos, este trabalho não encontra um efeito causal estatisticamente significante, porém, a análise carece de poder estatístico por conta do tamanho reduzido da amostra. / [en] This paper analyses whether electing a miner as mayor in a Brazilian municipality has implications on municipal environmental expenditure and general health. First, by merging different public administrative data, this paper identifies candidates for municipal office in Brazil who hold a mining permit. Then, I use close elections to apply a regression discontinuity design to estimate the impact of electing a miner mayor on public environmental expense. Furthermore, by using a difference-in-differences approach, I focus on the election of mayors who mine gold, a highly contaminating activity, and check whether potential mercury contamination due to gold mining affects health outcomes in neighboring municipalities. In both cases, this paper does not find a statistically significant causal effect, however, the analysis lacks statistical power due to the small sample size.