DAMASCENO, Márcia Marques. Tradição, razão e verdade na Filosofia Moral de Alasdair MacIntyre. 2010. 97f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Filosofia, Fortaleza (CE), 2010. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-11-07T13:42:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010-DIS-MMDAMASCENO.pdf: 658960 bytes, checksum: b6c5b6fe424bba7a7e58147b506ce057 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-11-07T17:56:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010-DIS-MMDAMASCENO.pdf: 658960 bytes, checksum: b6c5b6fe424bba7a7e58147b506ce057 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-07T17:56:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010-DIS-MMDAMASCENO.pdf: 658960 bytes, checksum: b6c5b6fe424bba7a7e58147b506ce057 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / This master dissertation addresses the theory of the rationality of traditions proposed by Alasdair MacIntyre. He advocated a type of moral philosophy grounded on the investigation of the rationality implicit in the practices of moral traditions. In addition to this, he defended the superiority of the Aristotelian moral philosophy in the history of moral theories and favored a form of Thomism. This work is intended to show that the theory of truth as correspondence that MacIntyre attached to his moral theory has some metaphysical implications that are at odds with the premises of his moral investigation. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir aspectos centrais da chamada teoria da racionalidade das tradições formulada pelo filósofo escocês Alasdair MacIntyre. A teoria da racionalidade das tradições teve suas formulações iniciais com a publicação de Depois da Virtude em 1981, esta obra marca um novo momento no pensamento de MacIntyre e tem como característica central a defesa de uma forma de pesquisa racional implícita nas práticas das tradições morais. As argumentações de Depois da Virtude tiveram continuidade com uma seqüência de publicações que procuram esclarecer as controvérsias originadas por esta obra e dar continuidade ao debate acerca da defesa da pesquisa racional implícita nas tradições, além de procurarem mostrar a superioridade da tradição aristotélico-tomista, da qual ele se intitula como continuador, frente as inúmeras tradições que tiveram destaque na história da filosofia moral. As argumentações e teses em defesa da pesquisa racional levaram MacIntyre a reconhecer a necessidade de tematizar uma teoria da verdade. A teoria da verdade defendida nas obras se apresenta como uma nova abordagem da teoria da verdade como correspondência. Apesar da nova abordagem a teoria da correspondência ainda encontra uma série de dificuldades principalmente por seu cunho metafísico.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir aspectos centrais da chamada teoria da racionalidade das tradiÃÃes formulada pelo filÃsofo escocÃs Alasdair MacIntyre. A teoria da racionalidade das tradiÃÃes teve suas formulaÃÃes iniciais com a publicaÃÃo de Depois da Virtude em 1981, esta obra marca um novo momento no pensamento de MacIntyre e tem como caracterÃstica central a defesa de uma forma de pesquisa racional implÃcita nas prÃticas das tradiÃÃes morais. As argumentaÃÃes de Depois da Virtude tiveram continuidade com uma seqÃÃncia de publicaÃÃes que procuram esclarecer as controvÃrsias originadas por esta obra e dar continuidade ao debate acerca da defesa da pesquisa racional implÃcita nas tradiÃÃes, alÃm de procurarem mostrar a superioridade da tradiÃÃo aristotÃlico-tomista, da qual ele se intitula como continuador, frente as inÃmeras tradiÃÃes que tiveram destaque na histÃria da filosofia moral. As argumentaÃÃes e teses em defesa da pesquisa racional levaram MacIntyre a reconhecer a necessidade de tematizar uma teoria da verdade. A teoria da verdade defendida nas obras se apresenta como uma nova abordagem da teoria da verdade como correspondÃncia. Apesar da nova abordagem a teoria da correspondÃncia ainda encontra uma sÃrie de dificuldades principalmente por seu cunho metafÃsico. / This master dissertation addresses the theory of the rationality of traditions proposed by Alasdair MacIntyre. He advocated a type of moral philosophy grounded on the investigation of the rationality implicit in the practices of moral traditions. In addition to this, he defended the superiority of the Aristotelian moral philosophy in the history of moral theories and favored a form of Thomism. This work is intended to show that the theory of truth as correspondence that MacIntyre attached to his moral theory has some metaphysical implications that are at odds with the premises of his moral investigation

This dissertation argues that the Aristotelianism of Alasdair MacIntyre is more cogent than the prescriptive realism of John Hare. Chapter 1 introduces the relationship between moral philosophy and apologetics and presents the thesis of the dissertation. Chapter 2 surveys the Aristotelian elements of MacIntyre’s moral philosophy and provides an argument that these aspects of MacIntyre’s philosophy provide his Aristotelianism with significant explanatory scope. Chapter 3 continues an analysis of MacIntyre’s philosophy. The argument of this chapter is that the Thomist elements of MacIntyre’s philosophy further the explanatory scope of his Aristotelianism. The chapter concludes with a response to two major objections. Chapter 4 presents the moral philosophy of John Hare and argues that three areas that appear to provide explanatory scope do not. Chapter 5 summarizes the Kantian elements of John Hare’s moral philosophy. The argument of chapter 6 is that the primary argument of MacIntyre’s moral philosophy is sounder than the primary argument of John Hare’s moral philosophy. Chapter 7 provides the conclusion of the dissertation and explores the implications of MacIntyre’s Aristotelianism for Christian apologetics.

劉熙賢. / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 1997. / 參考文獻 (leaves 95-97). / Liu Xixian. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)-- Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 1997. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 95-97). / Chapter 第一章 --- 麥肯泰爾的德性理論 --- p.1 / Chapter 1. --- 導言 --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- 德性與實踐 --- p.4 / Chapter 3. --- 敘述：行爲的歷史性格 --- p.7 / Chapter 4. --- 傳統文化的傳貽 --- p.10 / Chapter 第二章 --- 傳統與相對主義 --- p.14 / Chapter 1. --- 《誰之公正？何種理性？》的理論架構 --- p.14 / Chapter 2. --- 傳統與創建傳統的三個階段 --- p.16 / Chapter 3. --- 傳統與相對主義 --- p.20 / Chapter 4. --- 相對主義 --- p.24 / Chapter 5. --- 「知識論危機」 --- p.26 / Chapter 6. --- 批評 --- p.31 / Chapter 第三章 --- 可譯性與跨文化翻譯 --- p.38 / Chapter 1. --- 小引 --- p.38 / Chapter 2. --- 爲何討論翻譯理論？ --- p.40 / Chapter 3. --- 翻譯正名 --- p.45 / Chapter 4. --- 譯事之難 --- p.47 / Chapter 5. --- 本土與異文化：近代翻譯理論的啓示 --- p.54 / Chapter 6. --- 從名詞的翻譯論不可譯之因由 --- p.64 / Chapter 第四章 --- 從相對主義到可譯性 --- p.67 / Chapter 1. --- 「最難駁的相對主義」 --- p.67 / Chapter 2. --- 三種「不可翻譯性」 --- p.71 / Chapter 3. --- 文化沙文主義 --- p.75 / Chapter 4. --- 整理與批評 --- p.78 / Chapter 5. --- 結論 --- p.90 / 參考書目 --- p.95

The central aim of this dissertation is to provide a conceptual framework for people wishing to consider how their desires are shaped by forces often unnoticed by them and how they can regain some degree of control over those desires. To this end, it offers a model for desire that acknowledges the importance of social forces in shaping a person's desire, and consequently moral character. It examines the specific social context of American capitalism, and American consumption, in order to understand how it is that many Americans seem to desire and act in ways that appear contrary to their well-being. This dissertation is a work of descriptive Christian virtue ethics, meaning that it considers the desire for and consumption of material goods in light of a person's commitment to a greater system of beliefs and values. Taking the approach of virtue ethics, it considers how a person's desires are shaped by what she takes to be constitutive of her well-being, or her telos. It argues that many Americans participate in practices that dispose them to acquire habits of desiring, consuming, and enjoying material goods in ways that tend over time to distort participants' abilities to judge and reason well about the ends that are really worth pursuing, both on the part of individuals and on the part of societies. When a person participates in a practice she acquires habits of thinking, feeling, and acting that enable her to engage in such practices effortlessly. A practice is often oriented by certain rules and standards of excellence that orient the practitioners to certain ways of thinking, feeling, and acting over others. Taking advertising as a key example, participants often acquire habits that lead them to accept a conception of well-being that is based on the ideas that growth is always to be pursued and more of a good thing is always better. Such an orientation, in turn, can direct a person's desires so that she becomes disposed to satisfy her immediate desires without seriously considering whether those desires will contribute to her well-being and, more broadly, whether the vision of the good life she has in mind is truly worth pursuing. This dissertation offers a way of engaging in critical reflection that can enable a person to bring to awareness many of these unseen social forces, and consider the ways in which participation in her many practices does or does not contribute to her well-being. It suggests that, for Christians in particular, a vision of the good life might focus on the cultivation of virtue--especially the virtues of temperance and justice. Considering a person's practices in light of virtue can be helpful for articulating clearly and strategizing effectively about how to engage in consumer activity in ways that contribute to her well-being.

Drylands occupy about one-third of the world's land surface area and rivers in these regions have less predictable flow regimes than those in humid tropical and temperate regions. Australia's dryland river-floodplain systems cycle through recurrent periods of floods and droughts, oflen resulting in extreme hydrological variability. As a result, these systems have been described as having a 'boom and boost' ecology with periods of high productivity associated with flooding. Not surprisingly, flow and its variability have been recognised as major driving forces in the ecological functioning of Australian rivers and responses to flow variability from fish and aquatic invertebrates have been reasonably well described. Furthermore, the reduced amount of water reaching floodplain waterbodies due to river regulation has been held responsible for successional changes in aquatic biota and, consequently, the resources available for both fish and invertebrates. However, information regarding the impacts of water resource development has generally focused on within-channel processes of Australian rivers, not on floodplains, which are arguably more affected by water development. The following dissertation is concerned with how different types of natural and modified floodplain lagoons are able to trophically support their fish communities in the floodplain of the Macintyre River, Border Rivers catchment (QLD/NSW), a regulated dryland river. This study focuses on the influence of flooding and the implications of an extended dry period, and different levels of flow regulation, on the feeding ecology of selected fish species (Ambassis agassizil, Lelopotherapon unicolor and Nematalosa erebi) between 2001 and 2003. Food resources consumed by fish are hypothesised to vary in response to flooding, when inundation of isolated lagoons and vast floodplain areas can result in a burst of primary and secondary productivity. Given the permanently elevated water levels of some regulated floodplain lagoons, fish diets are hypothesised to be less variable in these floodplain habitats in comparison to diets of fish from floodplain lagoons with natural flow and water regime. Feeding ecology is examined firstly, in terms of diet composition of selected fish species, using stomach content analysis, and secondly, in relation to possible energy sources sustaining fish (using stable isotope analysis) in selected floodplain lagoons and a site in the main channel of the Macintyre River. The information produced should allow managers to take variations in food resources, food web structure and dietary ecology into account in management regimes for refugia and dryland systems in general. Factors such as diel and ontogenetic variations in dietary composition and food intake by fish are shown to considerably affect ovemll dietary patterns of each study species. Therefore, it is important to understand the contributions of such factors to the variability of fish dietary patterns before performing studies on resource use by fish in floodplain habitats of the Macintyre River. Major food categories consumed by the study species were zooplankton, aquatic invertebrates and detrital material. Zooplankton was of particular importance as this food item was ingested by all three study species at some stage of their life history. Spatial and temporal variation in diet composition of the study species was mostly associated with changes in prey items available across floodplain habitats and between seasons (summer/winter). The low magnitude of flooding events during the study period is arguably the most likely factor influencing the lack of patterns of variation in fish diets in floodplain habitats subject to flooding, whereas in non-flooded lagoons the observed dietary variation was a consequence of successional changes in composition of the aquatic fauna as the dry season progressed. Water regime had an important effect on differences in fish diet composition across lagoons, but further evaluation of the influence of flooding is needed due to overall lack of major flooding events during the study period. Autochthonous resources, namely plankton, were the basis of the food web and phytoplankton in the seston is the most likely ultimate energy source for fish consumers, via planktonic suspension feeders (zooplankton). Nevertheless, organic mailer could not be disregarded as an important energy source for invertebrates and higher consumers. In general, the present study does not provide support for the major models predicting the ftinctioning of large rivers, such as the River Continuum Concept and Flood Pulse Concept, which argue that allochthonous organic matter either from upstream or from the floodplain are the most important sources of carbon supporting higher consumers. In contrast, the Riverine Productivity Model would be more appropriate to describe the food web and energy sources for consumers in the Macintyre River floodplain as this model suggests that local productivity, based on autochthonous phytoplankton and organic matter, ftiels food webs in large rivers. The results of this study suggest that factors known to affect phytoplankton production in floodplain lagoons (e.g. flow regulation, turbidity and nutrient/herbicide inputs) must be seriously considered in current landscape and water management practices.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Notre Dame, 2009. / Thesis directed by Michael P. Zuckert for the Department of Political Science. "December 2009." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 418-423).

Thesis (M.C.S.)--Regent College, Vancouver, BC, 1993. / Abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-150).

Thesis (Ph. L.)--Catholic University of America, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-69).

Thesis (M.C.S.)--Regent College, Vancouver, BC, 1993. / Abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-150).