The price of real estate is the result of economical operation and, most importantly, regulation mechanism of resource distribution for real estate industry. Since the process of economic reform began in 1978, there have been several times that the Chinese government imposed contractive measures intended to slow down the economic growth. This paper applies insights from economic theory to explain recent housing price patterns in China’s four largest metropolitan areas. (Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Guangzhou) and discusses how the Chinese Government’s stance and policy affect the development of real estate. By examining the degree of impact on the housing market as a result of Macro Control Measures, excluding other housing market drivers; the empirical results revealed the degree of effectiveness by the Chinese Government administrative control over the housing market vary across the regions.

Thesis (doctoral)--Göteborgs universitet, 2003. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

As the landscape of the United States changes and world resources face depletion, shale gas development has become a major social justice issue. Social workers may be called upon to help support communities undergoing change from industry as well as the environmental and social justice concerns that are arising in areas with rich natural resource supplies. This research examines how a rural population perceives change when industry enters an area. It explores community change and social justice concerns that are occurring with shale gas development in order to help determine implications for social work practice. Using a phenomenological approach, this work examined the perceptions of 20 residents of the Pennsylvania community of the Laurel Highlands who live within 10 miles of where fracking has occurred. In depth interviews were carried out with this population to explore their perceptions of community change from shale gas development. Residents of the Laurel Highlands report anxiety about the future of their environment, including negative impacts to the air and water. They are angry about the outsourcing of local natural resources to other areas in both the United States and abroad. Residents feel a loss of power and sense of control due to shale gas development and the large corporations which support its growth. These factors are negatively impacting their quality of life. Shale gas development and the changes it brings are influencing residents' decisions about investing in the Laurel Highlands as well as staying in the area long term. As a result of these factors, community action is increasing to help build support during industrial development in the area. This work examines these themes and concludes with a discussion of how social work practice can help assist rural residents with their changing communities.

Both elite deviance, committed by the upper echelons of society, and organized crime threaten development and the rights and security of people across and within nations; however empirical research on these topics is limited, especially in the field of criminology. This study addresses this gap in the literature by testing hypotheses derived from Simon’s symbiotic theory of elite deviance, which posits that direct and indirect relationships exist between elite deviance, organized crime, and conventional crimes exist (2008). The intervening effects of national culture and political economic ideology are also considered. To test the research hypotheses, this study uses homicide rates, corruption and organized crime measures, and indicators of national culture from 114 nations. Findings suggest that empirical linkages exist between elite deviance, organized crime and conventional deviance at the cross-national level. These data suggest the level of corruption and organized crime within a nation are better predictors of homicide than conventional explanations of violent crime (e.g., modernization/development, opportunity/routine activities). Furthermore, organized crime partially mediated the relationship between corruption and homicide rates in the same (positive) direction. This implies that the criminogenic effect of elite deviance on non-elite deviance operates indirectly through organized crime. The corruption-homicide relationship was also partially mediated by a national culture of moral cynicism and capitalist economic conditions. Although not definitive given methodological concerns and alternate theoretical explanations, this study provides avenues for future research into the underlying social processes that influence the crime rate within nations.

There are a number of testability considerations for VLSI design, but test coverage, test time, accuracy of test patterns and correctness of design information for DFD (Design for debug) are the most important ones in design with embedded memories. The goal of DFT (Design-for-Test) is to achieve zero defects. When it comes to the memory subsystem in SOCs (system on chips), many flavors of memory BIST (built-in self test) are able to get high test coverage in a memory, but often, no proper attention is given to the memory interface logic (shadow logic). Functional testing and BIST are the most prevalent tests for this logic, but functional testing is impractical for complicated SOC designs. As a result, industry has widely used at-speed scan testing to detect delay induced defects. Compared with functional testing, scan-based testing for delay faults reduces overall pattern generation complexity and cost by enhancing both controllability and observability of flip-flops. However, without proper modeling of memory, Xs are generated from memories. Also, when the design has chip compression logic, the number of ATPG patterns is increased significantly due to Xs from memories. In this dissertation, a register based testing method and X prevention logic are presented to tackle these problems. An important design stage for scan based testing with memory subsystems is the step to create a gate level model and verify with this model. The flow needs to provide a robust ATPG netlist model. Most industry standard CAD tools used to analyze fault coverage and generate test vectors require gate level models. However, custom embedded memories are typically designed using a transistor-level flow, there is a need for an abstraction step to generate the gate models, which must be equivalent to the actual design (transistor level). The contribution of the research is a framework to verify that the gate level representation of custom designs is equivalent to the transistor-level design. Compared to basic stuck-at fault testing, the number of patterns for at-speed testing is much larger than for basic stuck-at fault testing. So reducing test and data volume are important. In this desertion, a new scan reordering method is introduced to reduce test data with an optimal routing solution. With in depth understanding of embedded memories and flows developed during the study of custom memory DFT, a custom embedded memory Bit Mapping method using a symbolic simulator is presented in the last chapter to achieve high yield for memories. / text

Korean education policies were derived from the 5.31 Education Reform oriented to the increase of autonomy and accountability for school effectiveness and the quality instruction through teacher professionalism enhancement. The policies are related to the influences of historical events and contexts embedded in the interactions of policy players who have their own arguments, particularly professionalism versus managerialism. The policies have been driven by right-wing perspectives. As a result, the roles, powers, functions, and structures of teaching profession have gradually changed. From the structural analysts, Basil Bernstein and Michel Foucault, teaching profession has become a system of supervision, compliance, normalization, isomorphism related to the collection code. The dynamic, complex and multilevel policy implementation need to be analyzed from a multifocal approach coupled with historical institutional, political, and structural analysis. This analysis contributes to understanding the changes of teaching profession resulted from intricate and dynamic interactions embedded in policy environments causing or influencing policy implementation directly and indirectly. Korean educational policy analysts, generally, tend to use one of the institutional, the political, and the structural perspective. Most policy analyses are concerned with the political analysis focused on exploring the political interaction between policy players, presenting policy issues and alternatives, analyzing the new institutionalism of education policy formation and implementation process, and influencing of policies on school organization and teachers apart from the political environment and the political interactions. In this respect, the multifocal policy analysis will be beneficial to shed light on a multifocal analysis of Korean educational policies. / text

In Magister work the spreading of macro fauna (Lumbricidae) in agrofitocenosis. Work object: research made in southwest Lithuania, Vilkaviškis region in the intensive agriculture farming in the hard granules ground. Aim of the work: to evaluate by field research southwest Lithuania hard granules soil macro fauna (Lumbricidae) spreading in agrofitocenosis depending on the kinds of growing plants, prior planting and hydrothermical regime. The methods of work: earthworm quantity was made digging 0,5 x 0,5m 2 and 0,25cm deep soil monolities and counting earthworms. By the research established that for earthworm quantity had influence growing plants, and their prior planting and hydrothermical regime. Most useful prior planting were barleys and long year grass. During research years between hydrothermical regime and earthworm number was defined strong and medium correlation relations.

Historically, the traditional planning process has not given much attention to the road safety evaluation of development plans. To make an informed, defensible, and proactive choice between alternative plans and their safety implications, it is necessary to have a procedure for estimating and evaluating safety performance. A procedure is required for examining the influence of the urban network development on road safety, and in particular, determining the effects of the many variables that affect safety in urban planning. Safety planning models can provide a decision-support tool that facilitates the assessment of the safety implications of alternative network plans. The first objective of this research study is to develop safety planning models that are consistent with the regional models commonly used for urban transportation planning. Geographically weighted Poisson regression (GWPR), full-Bayesian semiparametric additive (FBSA), and traditional generalized linear modelling (GLM) techniques are used to develop the models. The study evaluates how well each model is able to handle spatial variations in the relationship between collision explanatory variables and the number of collisions in a zone. The evaluation uses measures of goodness of fit (GOF) and finds that the GWPR and FBSA models perform much better than the conventional GLM approach. There is little difference between the GOF values for the FBSA and GWPR models. The second objective of this research study is to examine the temporal transferability of the safety planning models and alternative updating methods. The updating procedures examine the Bayesian approach and application of calibration factors. The results show that the models are not temporally transferable in a strict statistical sense. However, relative measures of transferability indicate that the transferred models yield useful information in the application context. The results also show that the updated safety planning models using the Bayesian approach predict the number of collisions better than the calibration factor procedure.

Historically, the traditional planning process has not given much attention to the road safety evaluation of development plans. To make an informed, defensible, and proactive choice between alternative plans and their safety implications, it is necessary to have a procedure for estimating and evaluating safety performance. A procedure is required for examining the influence of the urban network development on road safety, and in particular, determining the effects of the many variables that affect safety in urban planning. Safety planning models can provide a decision-support tool that facilitates the assessment of the safety implications of alternative network plans. The first objective of this research study is to develop safety planning models that are consistent with the regional models commonly used for urban transportation planning. Geographically weighted Poisson regression (GWPR), full-Bayesian semiparametric additive (FBSA), and traditional generalized linear modelling (GLM) techniques are used to develop the models. The study evaluates how well each model is able to handle spatial variations in the relationship between collision explanatory variables and the number of collisions in a zone. The evaluation uses measures of goodness of fit (GOF) and finds that the GWPR and FBSA models perform much better than the conventional GLM approach. There is little difference between the GOF values for the FBSA and GWPR models. The second objective of this research study is to examine the temporal transferability of the safety planning models and alternative updating methods. The updating procedures examine the Bayesian approach and application of calibration factors. The results show that the models are not temporally transferable in a strict statistical sense. However, relative measures of transferability indicate that the transferred models yield useful information in the application context. The results also show that the updated safety planning models using the Bayesian approach predict the number of collisions better than the calibration factor procedure.

Bakalauro baigiamajame darbe tiriamos ir vertinamos kremavimo paslaugų sukūrimo prielaidos Šiaurės Lietuvoje, naudojantis PEST analize ir M. Porter penkių jėgų modeliu. Darbe nagrinėjami teoriniai paslaugų kūrimo ir įvedimo į rinką ypatumai, laidojimo ir kremavimo paslaugų istorija bei ypatumai Lietuvoje ir pasaulyje. Teisinė - politinė aplinka sudaro sąlygas kremavimo paslaugų sukūrimui, nes yra priimti teisės aktai, reglamentuojantys kremavimo paslaugomis užsiimančių įmoniu veiklą. Šiuolaikinė kremavimo techninė įranga nekenksminga aplinkai. Jos pasiūla didelė, įrangą galima importuoti iš Europos Sąjungos šalių. Dėl ekonominių veiksnių kremavimo paslaugos kaina turi būti nustatyta atsižvelgiant į vartotojų perkamąją galią. Socialinė – kultūrinė aplinka religiniu aspektu kremavimo veiklai vykdyti yra palanki, nes Lietuvoje vyraujančios religijos – katalikybės – bažnytiniai kanonai neprieštarauja palaikų kremavimui. Vertinant sociokultūrinę aplinką ekologiniu aspektu, kremuotų palaikų laidojimas yra ekologiškesnis ir mažiau kenksmingas aplinkai nei tradicinis laidojimas. Šiuo metu Lietuvoje yra du krematoriumų projektų rengėjai, kurių iniciatyva krematoriumai gali būti pastatyti Šiaulių rajone ir Kėdainiuose. Atlikus Šiaurės Lietuvos gyventojų apklausą, paaiškėjo, jog didžioji dalis gyventojų kremavimui ir krematoriumo statyboms pritaria; beveik pusė visų respondentų po mirties norėtų būti kremuoti. Apibendrinant galima teigti, jog krematoriumui statyti Šiaurės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In the bachelor‘s undergraduate thesis are investigated and evaluated the presumptions of cremation services development in the Northern Lithuania using PEST analysis and M.Porter‘s five forces model. Theoretical work deals with service development and features of market introduction, burial and cremation services, history and peculiarities of the world and Lithuania. The political - legal environment enables the development of cremation services, as there is a law governing the cremation business. Modern hardware is not harmful to the environment. Also there is a high supply of the cremation equipment. It can be imported from the countries of European Union. Due to the economic environment, the cost of cremation services must be settled according to the consumers‘ purchasing power. Sociocultural environment, in religion aspect, is favorable for cremation activities, because cremation is not prohibited by the Catholic Church canons. Assessing the sociocultural environment in ecological aspect, burial of cremated remains is environmentally friendly and less harmful to the environment than traditional burial. Lithuania currently has two potential promoters of the crematorium, who are planning to establish crematoriums in Šiauliai region and Kėdainiai town. Survey in North Lithunia (regions of Šiauliai, Telšiai and Panevėžys) showed that the majority of the respondents agree with a cremation service development and building crematorium. Almost half of all respondents after death... [to full text]