Thesis (doctoral)--Göteborgs universitet, 2003. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Université de Genève, 1980. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [443]-449).

Thesis (doctoral)--Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 233-249).

Les mammifères sont présents sur la surface terrestre depuis au moins le crétacé et ont colonisé l’ensemble des continents et des océans. Mon travail s’attache à comprendre la nature et l’importance relative des processus qui ont pu conduire à la répartition géographique actuelle des mammifères et notamment aux similarités faunistiques entre régions du globe. En décrivant les facettes phylogénétiques et fonctionnelles de la biodiversité des mammifères, j’adopte une approche résolument intégrative, à l’interface entre la biogéographie historique et la biogéographie fonctionnelle.À partir d’un travail de revue et de synthèse, la première partie de la thèse me permet de dégager un nombre limité de grandes lignes structurelles décrivant les facettes phylogénétiques et fonctionnelles de la biodiversité. En particulier, je mets en évidence comment la variation de l’échelle phylogénétique de travail peut permettre de mettre en lumière différents processus.La seconde partie de ma thèse s’attache à utiliser cette approche pour expliquer la répartition des mammifères sur le globe. Nous montrons ainsi que les compositions faunistiques à large échelle phylogénétique (p. ex. pour les familles) semblent expliquées par l’isolement géographique des masses continentales au cours du cénozoïque alors que les compositions à fine échelle phylogénétique (p. ex. pour les espèces) sont davantage conditionnées par les affinités climatiques. Nous montrons ensuite que les régions ayant développées des faunes mammaliennes indépendantes présentent en fait des similarités fonctionnelles exceptionnelles, résultat d’une évolution convergente.Comprendre les déterminants historiques et écologiques d’une telle répartition ne représente pourtant qu’un premier pas vers leur sauvegarde face aux multiples menaces anthropiques. La dernière partie de ma thèse entreprend de montrer l’importance d’une vision intégrative combinant les facettes phylogénétiques, fonctionnelles et taxonomiques pour la conservation de l’ensemble des dimensions de la diversité mammalienne. / Mammals inhabit the Earth since at least the Cretaceous and have colonised all continents and oceans. My work aims at understanding the nature and importance of the different processes leading to current geographical distributions of mammals and in particular faunal similarities between regions of the globe. By describing the phylogenetic and functional facets of mammalian diversity, I adopt an integrative approach, at the interface between historical and functional biogeography.First, I review and synthesize most of the published multifaceted diversity metrics to propose a limited number of structural dimensions that parsimoniously describe the phylogenetic and functional structure of species assemblages. In particular, I point out how a multi-phylogenetic scale approach might improve our understanding of the mechanisms shaping diversity patterns.Second, I use this approach to understand the geographical distribution of mammals worldwide. I show that at large phylogenetic scales (e.g. families) distributions seem to be driven by geographic isolation of the regions over the course of the Cenozoic Era, while at small phylogenetic scales (e.g. species), distributions are related to climatic affinities. In addition, I show that those regions having developed independent mammalian faunas show exceptional functional similarities due to evolutionary convergences.Understanding the historical and ecological drivers of mammal biodiversity only represents the first step toward their conservation in the face of anthropic threats. The last part of my thesis shows the importance of an integrative approach using phylogenetic, functional and taxonomic facets to protect all dimensions of mammal diversity.

La Société le Nickel ’SLN’ est l’un des plus grands exploitants de nickel en Nouvelle Calédonie. Le Stockage des déchets de l’exploitation minière sur le site d’exploitation se fait sous forme de tas manufacturés appelés versants. Pour assurer la stabilité de ces versants, il est nécessaire d’assurer un stockage hors d’eau de ces stériles miniers. Pour se faire, une mise en place des ouvrages en enrochement enterrés se fait au fur et à mesure de l’avancement des travaux d’installation des versants. Le rôle de ces ouvrages enterrés est de maintenir l’écoulement d’eau à travers le milieu poreux. Le premier objectif de la thèse est donc de mieux comprendre les interactions hydrodynamiques dans les milieux très perméables dans le cas d’écoulements pleinement turbulents. La première partie de ce travail concerne une étude expérimentale menée à l’Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie (INAT) mais aussi à l’Institut de mécanique de fluide de Toulouse (IMFT) dont le but est d’étudier à la fois l’évolution de la ligne d’eau dans les milieux macroporeux et la variation de la perméabilité de ces derniers en fonction du nombre de Reynolds. Des simulations avec des modèles de perte de charge les plus utilisés dans la littérature ont été effectuées, pour tester leur capacité à reproduire la ligne d’eau dans les conditions de nos expériences. Les deux relations de Forchheimer (1901) et d’Ergun (1952) donnent des résultats proches de nos expériences avec des valeurs de coefficients adaptés pour notre cas, alors que la relation de Barree et Conway (2004) ne semble pas reproduire les résultats attendus. L’eau qui circule dans les ouvrages enterrés est une eau chargée d’où l’intérêt d’étudier le transport sédimentaire dans ces milieux macroporeux. Pour se faire, une étude expérimentale a été réalisée sur le transport et le dépôt des particules dans des milieux synthétiques constitués de particules de diamètre moyen de 15 cm

O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em analisar relações existentes entre a gestão da dívida pública e a condução das políticas monetária e fiscal, bem como examinar os efeitos da composição da dívida na trajetória de endividamento para o caso da economia brasileira. Com este foco, foi construído um modelo macro-estrutural que estabelece relações entre o processo de evolução da relação dívida/produto e a trajetória de variáveis macroeconômicas. Foram realizadas simulações utilizando a técnica de Monte Carlo para observar o impacto das trajetórias do hiato do produto e das taxas de câmbio, juros e inflação na evolução da relação dívida/produto em diferentes contextos de atuação das autoridades monetária e fiscal. No modelo estrutural a trajetória da dívida é função da participação dos instrumentos de financiamento na composição da dívida pública. Os instrumentos utilizados são: (i) títulos indexados à taxa Selic; (ii) títulos indexados a índices de preços; (iii) títulos prefixados; e (iv) títulos indexados à taxa de câmbio. O modelo permitiu captar que, quando a sensibilidade da inflação a mudanças na taxa de juros é pequena, os apertos monetários necessários ao cumprimento da meta produzem maior elevação na relação D/Y. Essa elevação se torna ainda mais acentuada quanto maior for a sensibilidade do produto a mudanças na taxa de juros. Os resultados permitem, ainda, analisar os trade-offs entre custo e risco oferecidos pelos instrumentos de financiamento em diferentes posturas das autoridades fiscal e monetária. / The aim of the present work consists in analyzing connections that exist between the management of public debt and the conduct of fiscal and monetary policies, as well as examining the effects of debt composition on the trajectory of the Brazilian Debt/GDP ratio. We propose a macro-structural model for the Brazilian economy to derive relations regarding debt management and the macroeconomic variables. Using Monte Carlo simulations we observed how inflation, GDP, interest rate and exchange rate alter their trajectories when we have changes in the conduct of fiscal and monetary policies. The impacts of these changes on Debt/GDP ratio depend on the debt composition. The funding instruments analyzed are: (i) Selic indexed bonds; (ii) inflation linked bonds; (iii) fixed-rate bonds; and (iv) dollar indexed bonds. The model captured that, the lower the sensibility of inflation associated with changes on interest rates, the higher the impacts on Debt/GDP consequences of a tightening in monetary policy The results allows to observe the tradeoffs between the risk and the cost associated with debt instruments for different scenarios of fiscal and monetary policies.

El objetivo principal de este proyecto fue determinar si la implementación de un sistema de gestión mejora el control y seguimiento del Visor de Pedidos en una empresa que gestiona el proceso de aseguramiento de ventas para el rubro de telecomunicaciones. La metodología usada para el análisis y diseño del sistema fue el Proceso unificado ágil (AUP). El desarrollo se realizó en Windows Forms, apoyándose en el Framework .Net, empleando el lenguaje de programación C#, base de datos MySql y Macro Scheduler para las macros de soporte. Los resultados se presentaron en función a tres factores de evaluación como cantidad de consultas caídas, tiempo de duración de tareas, satisfacción de la perspectiva del usuario. Se determinó que la implementación del Sistema de Gestión ha mejorado el control y seguimiento del Visor de Pedidos que opera en el proceso de aseguramiento de ventas a través de la reducción porcentual de consultas caídas respecto a la bolsa de consultas totales que llegan al visor de pedidos donde sin la solución implementada era de 13.72% mientras que con la solución implementada paso a ser solo el 1% además de la reducción del tiempo promedio de las tareas para el control y seguimiento del visor de pedidos a 35 minutos con 26 segundos también se ha incrementado la satisfacción de las necesidades y expectativas de los usuarios involucrados con el visor de pedidos ya que el 100% de los encuestados considera que existe mayor control del visor de pedidos, 91.30% considera que ocasionalmente se presentan incidencias, el 100% considera que ha mejorado el tiempo de resolución de incidencias y el 74% afirma que existe mayor detalle en reportes de informe sobre el visor de pedidos.

Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-11T20:02:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Marieze Torresseg.pdf: 1307389 bytes, checksum: d7d33f1b576fc9e82a85d9c01c36cbb8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-26T11:03:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Marieze Torresseg.pdf: 1307389 bytes, checksum: d7d33f1b576fc9e82a85d9c01c36cbb8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-26T11:03:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Marieze Torresseg.pdf: 1307389 bytes, checksum: d7d33f1b576fc9e82a85d9c01c36cbb8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / A presente tese examina a discussão teórica sobre emoções no âmbito da produção sociológica norte-americana recente, através de algumas posições e polarizações recorrentes, que demarcam as fronteiras entre escolas de pensamento de perspectivas distintas de análise das emoções de um ponto de vista sociológico. As polarizações são abordadas no âmbito dos debates travados entre as posições caracterizadas como “biossocial,” representada por Theodore Kemper e Jonathan Turner, e “construtivista” por Arlie Hochschild, Susan Shott e Steven Gordon. No debate, as divergências dizem respeito à própria definição de emoções e de seus elementos componentes ou causais. Trata-se de saber se as emoções são inatas e universais, pré-fixadas no organismo e distinguidas por certos hormônios, ou se as emoções são “culturais-específicas” e a sua definição um produto da interpretação do ator. Essas discordâncias, transpostas para as proposições de articulação dos níveis macro e micro de análise, contrastam a posição construcionista de que a vida social é organizada por “regras de sentimento” e “vocabulários de emoções”, com a posição biossocial que propõe os conceitos de poder e status como dimensões estruturantes, universais, fisiologicamente correlacionadas, de todas as relações sociais humanas. Considera-se que as divergências tornadas explícitas nesses debates, retomam e atualizam questões polemizadas pelos pragmatistas William James e John Dewey. Concluise que uma análise sociológica e integradora das emoções em seus nexos com o corpo ainda precisa ser buscada, embora já se configurem. / Salvador

The late Bronze Age settlement in Březnice near Bechyně (South Bohemia) was investigated during 2005-2009. As well as commonly found features, many ditches were also found (about 1/3). These ditches are linear pits oriented in a north-south direction and the length (usually 4-7m) is four times the width. The results of macro-remains analysis of the late Bronze Age settlement in Březnice represent extraordinarily rich collections of archaeobotanical finds. Extracted macro-remains bear attributes of waste origin where Chenopodium album, Polygonum aviculare, Fallopia convolvulus are the most frequent. In the analyzed samples the main cereals were millet (Panicum miliaceum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare). Less frequent were species of wheat: bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), spelt (T. spelta), emmer (T. dicoccum) and einkorn (T. monococcum). Other macroremains found were legumes: lentil (Lens esculenta), pea (Pisum sativum) and broad bean (Vicia faba). Poppy seeds (Papaver sp.) were rare.

The ability to write in a second language is one of the major skills required in academic settings. However, research about the effectiveness of academic programs on second language writing in long term perspective is rather scarce and the findings are mixed (e.g. Archibald, 2001; Elder & O’Loughlin, 2003; Hu, 2007; Knoch et al., 2014, 2015; Storch 2007). The present study aimed to contribute further empirical evidence about the effectiveness of academic training on the development of the writing skills of Vietnamese second language learners enrolled in an undergraduate English program. The investigation was designed in view of the L2 writing standards set by the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) and in reference to the specificities of the Vietnamese English language educational system. The sample involved a total of 90 participants, 30 from each of the following CEFR English language proficiency levels: B1, B2, and C1. The instrument was modeled after the IELTS Academic Module Writing Task 2 which requires test-takers to write a minimum of 250-word essay on a given prompt. The participants’ essays were scored by two independent raters following the IELTS Writing Task 2 Band Descriptors. The data was analyzed through 5 one-way ANOVAs, which aimed to compare the three levels of proficiency, B1, B2, and C1, on their overall writing scores, and on each of the two macro (Task Response and Cohesion and Coherence) and micro sills (Lexical Resources and Grammatical Range and Accuracy) The results revealed two main trends. First, it was found that the writing skills of Vietnamese L2 learners of English have shown a significant improvement in the course of their study, across proficiency levels. Second, the development was of a bigger magnitude between levels B1 and B2 and on a smaller scale between levels B2 and C1. The latter trend appears more meaningful when juxtaposed with the expected IELTS writing band score ranges for each of the three CEFR levels investigated in the present study. Specifically, the obtained scores matched the CEFR standards at level B2, but were above the expected minimum score for level B1 and below the minimum expected score for level C1. These findings carry valuable implications for the specific Vietnamese educational context, highlighting both the strengths and lacks of the English language writing curriculum. They pinpoint issues related to the placement of students in CEFR levels without specific empirical data as well as raise questions about the time, effort, and teaching practices necessary to secure learners’ progress from lower to higher proficiency, particularly after level B1. Another contribution of the study is that it examined developments in L2 academic writing both on the macro and micro level, and has, thus, offered a more comprehensive picture of the different components of the writing skill and their development through a course of study. In contrast, existing research has either looked at the writing skill in a holistic way or focused on one or some of its elements, but has rarely approached writing as a balanced composite of macro and micro skills.