Please read the abstract in the pdf. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2013 / Food Science / unrestricted

Background: Malnutrition, manifesting as obesity in women and under-nutrition in children, is a major public health problem in South Africa. There is a multitude of epidemiological evidence reflecting the extent and health effects of these problems, specifically among the African communities. However, at a family level, there is a paucity of information regarding the relationship between obesity in mothers and under-nutrition in children. Studies set to explore this relationship and determinants of body size and nutrition from a cultural perspective are long overdue. Such studies would assist in identifying intervention strategies that are appropriate and effective for the population at risk. Objective: This study, therefore, investigated the relationship between the child's nutritional status and that of the mother in a peri-urban African community. It further explored knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of body size as possible determinants of obesity and under-nutrition. This will make information available for further screening and planning of culturally sensitive nutrition interventions for the population under study. Methods: The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase was an exploratory qualitative design used mainly to develop a questionnaire for the second phase. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 obese African mothers, whose children were categorised on the 'Road-to-Health' card, as underweight. The interviews provided an understanding of the African women's' perceptions of their body sizes and nutrition regarding the child. The second phase utilised a cross-sectional analytic study design to investigate the relationship between the mother's weight and the child's weight. It further investigated the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions found in the first phase in a larger sample using appropriate statistical techniques. A systematic sample of 365 mother-child pairs attending a child health clinic over a two-month period, starting from August 1997, was selected. The sample included women between the ages of 16 and 49 years old and their children between the ages of 2 and 5 years old attending a child health clinic in Khayelitsha, a peri-urban area outside Cape Town. Anthropometric measurements of children and mothers were taken and a structured questionnaire was administered to the mothers. Findings: The qualitative study showed attitudes and perceptions of body size that were tolerant of a 'big' body image. There was a lack of knowledge regarding causes of obesity and effective ways of reducing weight, preventing chronic diseases of lifestyle and what constitutes 'good' nutrition for the child. All these findings were confirmed in the second phase of the study. The main study showed that less than half (42%) of the mothers were able to estimate their body weights. These mothers underestimated their weights, on average, by 5 kg (p=0.0001 CI: 3.5-6.8). In the total sample, 37.3% of the mothers were obese (BMI> 30kg/m2) and 33.4 % were overweight (25 <BMI < 30 kg/m 2). Sixty-eight (18.6%) children were stunted in terms of the NCHS reference values (z-score<-2 height-for-age), 13.2% underweight (z-score<-2 weight-forage) and 7.1 % were wasted (z-score<-2 weight-for-height). Only a small proportion (6.3%) were obese, z-score >2 weight-for-height. The main finding is that, overall, no relationship was found between the mother's weight and that of the child. The mother's BMI showed a weak positive correlation with the weight-for-age zscore. The relationship between BMI and height-for-age z-score or weight-for-height was not statistically significant. However, most importantly, subgroup analysis showed that mothers' perceptions of their own body size and that of the child were significantly related to BMI and weight-for-age z-scores. Furthermore, a higher proportion of obese mothers (47.1 %) were unhappy about their body size than non-obese mothers (35.4 %). Consequently, a lesser proportion of obese mothers (36%) chose an overweight body image as 'attractive' compared with non-obese mothers (40.2%). Conclusions: Although there was no relationship found between obesity in mothers and under-nutrition in children, this study confirmed the high prevalence of both problems in the study group. Furthermore, it provided new evidence on the relationship between nutritional status of mothers and the resultant attitudes and perceptions to body size. This crucial information could be used in planning appropriate intervention strategies for the study population. More studies of this nature are needed for specific target populations in order to direct effective interventions.

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Thesis (M.Tech.: Food and Consumer Sciences)- Durban Institute of Technology, 2004 1 v. (various pagings) / This study examines the incidence of malnutrition and the factors influencing malnutrition amongst rural black children aged 0 to 24 months in Umbumbulu, Kwa-Zulu Natal so as to formulate guidelines for the development of a nutrition intervention education programme.

Malnutrition är ett välkänt problem i den patientrelaterade vården både i Europa och i resten av världen. Trots detta är malnutrition något som fortfarande förekommer. Vad kan det bero på? Det är viktigt att man bedömer patientens nutritionsstatus rutinmässigt för att kunna förebygga malnutrition. Effekterna av malnutrition kostar samhället mycket pengar och orsakar mänskligt lidande. Syftet med denna studie var att belysa sjuksköterskans ansvar för att förebygga och behandla malnutrition. För att besvara syftet blev valet av metod en litteratur studie. Med hänsyn till vetenskaplig kvalitet granskades tio artiklar. Resultatet av denna studie visar att bedömning, åtgärder, dokumentation och interaktion mellan sjuksköterska och patient är viktig i arbetet med att förebygga och behandla malnutrition. Slutsatsen visar att det är nödvändigt för sjuksköterskorna att få mer utbildning inom malnutrition för att kunna identifiera riskpatienter. Interaktionen mellan sjuksköterska och patient är också en mycket viktig del och måste fungera fullt ut. / Malnutrition is a well known problem in the patient related care in Europe as well as in the rest of the world. Despite this is malnutrition something that still exists. What can that depend on? It is important to judge the patients nutrition status as a routine to be able to prevent malnutrition. The effects of malnutrition cost the community a lot of money and human suffering. The aim of this study was to see the nurse’s responsibility when it comes to prevent and treat malnutrition in his/her daily work. Our choice of method to answer this aim was a literature review. With regard to scientific quality we elected to review ten articles. The results of this study are showing that judging, preventing measures, documentation and interaction between the nurse and patient are important in the work of preventing and treating of malnutrition. The conclusion is that it’s necessary for the nurses to have more education in malnutrition to be able to identify risk patients. The interaction between the nurse and patient is also very important and has to work correctly

<p>Malnutrition är ett välkänt problem i den patientrelaterade vården både i Europa och i resten av världen. Trots detta är malnutrition något som fortfarande förekommer. Vad kan det bero på? Det är viktigt att man bedömer patientens nutritionsstatus rutinmässigt för att kunna förebygga malnutrition. Effekterna av malnutrition kostar samhället mycket pengar och orsakar mänskligt lidande. Syftet med denna studie var att belysa sjuksköterskans ansvar för att förebygga och behandla malnutrition. För att besvara syftet blev valet av metod en litteratur studie. Med hänsyn till vetenskaplig kvalitet granskades tio artiklar. Resultatet av denna studie visar att bedömning, åtgärder, dokumentation och interaktion mellan sjuksköterska och patient är viktig i arbetet med att förebygga och behandla malnutrition. Slutsatsen visar att det är nödvändigt för sjuksköterskorna att få mer utbildning inom malnutrition för att kunna identifiera riskpatienter. Interaktionen mellan sjuksköterska och patient är också en mycket viktig del och måste fungera fullt ut.</p> / <p>Malnutrition is a well known problem in the patient related care in Europe as well as in the rest of the world. Despite this is malnutrition something that still exists. What can that depend on? It is important to judge the patients nutrition status as a routine to be able to prevent malnutrition. The effects of malnutrition cost the community a lot of money and human suffering. The aim of this study was to see the nurse’s responsibility when it comes to prevent and treat malnutrition in his/her daily work. Our choice of method to answer this aim was a literature review. With regard to scientific quality we elected to review ten articles. The results of this study are showing that judging, preventing measures, documentation and interaction between the nurse and patient are important in the work of preventing and treating of malnutrition. The conclusion is that it’s necessary for the nurses to have more education in malnutrition to be able to identify risk patients. The interaction between the nurse and patient is also very important and has to work correctly</p>

Reproduction de : Thèse d'exercice : Médecine : Nancy 1 : 2003. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.

SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund Malnutrition är ett globalt problem i både industri- och utvecklingsländer. Svenska studier genomförda under 2000-talet har påvisat att drygt var fjärde patient i slutenvården är malnutrierad. Vårdgivare är ansvariga att identifiera malnutrierade patienter och de som löper risk för malnutrition. Punktprevalensmätningen Dagen nutrition utförs årligen på Akademiska sjukhuset. Under ett dygn registreras inneliggande patienters nutritionsstatus för att utvärdera uppsatta nutritionsmål. År 2013 samt 2014 registrerades data på ca 60 % av patienterna. Orsaken till att registreringar inte genomfördes på alla aktuella patienter är inte kartlagt.   Syfte Att få fördjupad kunskap om involverad personals syn på varför alla aktuella patienter inte deltog i punktprevalensmätningen Dagen nutrition åren 2013 och 2014. Syftet var även att belysa förutsättningar som kan bidra till att öka patientdeltagandet i framtiden.   Design Kvalitativ metod. En deskriptiv studie med induktiv ansats. Datainsamlingen skedde genom semistrukturerade intervjuer.   Resultat Orsaker till att patienter inte deltog eller att resultatet från Dagen nutrition uteslöts var bristfälligt ifyllda registreringslistor, samt bristande kunskap och engagemang hos personalen. Respondenterna ansåg att delat ansvar, väl genomfört förarbete, personalengagemang samt avsatt tid skulle kunna öka patientdeltagandet. De belyste även vikten av utbildning och information. Det skriftliga informationsmaterialet ansågs vara svårtillgängligt. Respondenterna föredrog muntlig information framför webbaserad utbildning. De efterfrågade även återkoppling av resultatet från Dagen nutrition samt förbättringsförslag till avdelningarna.   Slutsats Ofullständiga registreringslistor samt bristande kunskap och engagemang hos personalen orsakade att alla aktuella patienter inte deltog eller uteslöts från Dagen nutrition. Respondenterna ansåg att det kan vara möjligt att öka patientdeltagandet om föreslagna åtgärder vidtas. / ABSTRACT   Background Malnutrition is a global health problem occurring in both industrialized and developing countries. Swedish studies conducted in the 21st century show that more than one in four inpatients are malnourished. Caregivers are responsible to identify the malnourished patients, and those at risk of malnutrition. The point prevalence survey Dagen nutrition, is performed annually at Uppsala university hospital. During one day inpatients' nutritional status is recorded in order to evaluate the set goals regarding nutrition. In 2013 and 2014 data was recorded on approximately 60 % of the patients. The reason why data wasn’t registered among all viable patients was not investigated.   Aim To gain in-depth knowledge in involved personnel´s views on why all viable patients did not participate in the point prevalence survey Dagen nutrition in the years 2013 and 2014. An additional aim was to highlight conditions which may contribute to increase patient participation in the future.   Design A qualitative design. A descriptive study with an inductive approach. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews.   Findings The reasons why patients did not participate or that the results from Dagen nutrition were excluded was inadequately completed forms and that the personnel lacked knowledge and engagement. According to the respondents a shared responsibility, well performed prepar-atory work, personnel engagement and dedicated time could improve the potential to increase patient participation. Moreover the respondents emphasised the importance of education and information. The written information was experienced as hard to understand. The respondents preferred oral information rather than web-based training. They also requested feedback on the results from Dagen nutrition along with suggestions for improvement to pass on to the wards.   Conclusions Inadequate filled out register forms and lack of knowledge and engagement among the personnel caused lack of participation and exclusion in Dagen nutrition among the viable patients. The respondents thought that it is possible to increase patient participation through suggested active measures.

Background: Malnutrition is a nursing issue that causes both physical and psychological suffering of those who are affected. In order to achieve care that is safe and has a good quality, it must be based on the assessment and actions of the state. District nurses play a central role in this work. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the district nurses' work with identifying and addressing malnutrition in older people in nursing Home Care of the Community. Method: Six interviews with district nurses were conducted. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach Results: From the results of the analysis two categories emerged: observations for finding signs of malnutrition, treatment and following up by malnutrition. Conclusion: Cooperation in the form of communication and information within the care team, together with the patient and their relatives, were found to be important for the patient's nutritional needs and should be identified and addressed in order to avoid the risk of malnutrition. The results that emerge can contribute to new knowledge that can help to identify older persons in order to get early and appropriate interventions and thus reducing the suffering that is caused by malnutrition. / Bakgrund: Malnutrition är ett omvårdnadsproblem som medför både fysiskt och psykiskt lidande för den som drabbas. För att uppnå en vård som är säker och har god kvalitet, måste den baseras på bedömning samt åtgärder av nutritionsproblemet. Distriktssköterskan har en central roll i detta arbete. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva distriktssköterskors arbete med att identifiera och åtgärda malnutrition hos äldre personer inom kommunal hemsjukvård. Metod: Sex intervjuer med distriktssköterskor genomfördes. Datamaterialet analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats. Resultat: Ur analysen av datamaterialet framträdde två kategorier; Observationer för att finna tecken på malnutrition, behandling och uppföljning av malnutrition. Konklusion: Samarbete i form av kommunikation och information inom vårdteamet och tillsammans med patienten och dess anhöriga, visade sig vara av vikt för att patientens nutritionsbehov ska kunna identifieras och tillgodoses för att inte riskera malnutrition. Resultatet som framkom kan bidra med kunskap som kan underlätta att identifiera äldre personer tidigt och med adekvata insatser förmå att minska lidandet som malnutrition medför.