Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Os delfinídeos são os cetáceos mais ecologicamente diversos, ocorrendo numa ampla faixa de latitudes, em águas oceânicas e costeiras, incluindo regiões estuarinas e dulcícolas. O cenário taxonômico é especialmente confuso no gênero Tursiops, uma vez que grande parte das formas tem sido sinonimizadas na espécie Tursiopstruncatus. No entanto, estudos recentes sugerem que o gênero Tursiops seja polifilético. O golfinho-nariz-de-garrafa,T.truncatus, ocorre tanto em águas costeiras quanto oceânicas, em todas as regiões tropicais e temperadas. A espécie T. truncatus é tida como polimórfica e tal característica a torna alvo de acirradas discussões acerca do que são variações regionais ou diferentes entidades taxonômicas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a variabilidade morfológica de T. truncatus em distintas regiões oceânicas, buscando fornecer informações que permitam embasar os argumentos para futuras discussões taxonômicas que envolvem o gênero. Para isso, foi feita análise de Morfometria Geométrica em 2-D de crânios em vistas dorsal e lateral de espécimes que ocorrem nos oceanos Pacífico Norte Oriental, Atlântico Norte Ocidental, Atlântico Sul Ocidental, Atlântico Norte Oriental, Atlântico Sul Oriental e Índico. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas em todo o material analisado, incluindo diferenças entre exemplares reconhecidos como T. gephyreus e T. truncatus na costa Atlântica da América do Sul. As variações cranianas encontradas possuem relação com o tipo de ambiente em que os diferentes grupos ocorrem e podem estar relacionadas com a forma de forrageio, captura de presa e ao sistema de ecolocalização. Além disso, as variações na costa Atlântica da América do Sul podem ser explicadas pelo possível reconhecimento de duas espécies nessa região / Delphinids are the most ecologically diverse cetaceans, occurring in a wide range of latitudes in pelagic and coastal waters, including estuarine and freshwater regions. The taxonomy is especially confusing on genus Tursiops, since most forms has been synonymized in the specie Tursiopstruncatus. However, recent studies suggest that Tursiops is polyphyletic. The bottlenose dolphinT.truncatus habit coastal and pelagic waters in all tropical and temperate regions.Tursiopstruncatus is considered polymorphic and this characteristic makes the target of bitter taxonomic discussions about what are regional variations or different taxonomic entities. The objective was to analyze the cranial morphological variability of T. truncatus in different ocean regions to provide arguments for taxonomic discussions involving this genus. Two dimensional Geometric Morphometric analysiswas performed in skulls on dorsal and lateral views of specimens occurring in the Pacific North East, North West Atlantic, South West Atlantic, East North Atlantic, East South Atlantic and Indian oceans. There were significant differences between all groups, including differences between specimens recognizedasT. gephyreus and T. truncatus in the Atlantic coast of South America. The skull variationsare related to the type of environment in which different groups occur and may be relating to the foraging, prey capture and echolocation system. In addition, variations along the Atlantic coast of South America can be explained by the possible recognition of two species in this region

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Os delfinídeos são os cetáceos mais ecologicamente diversos, ocorrendo numa ampla faixa de latitudes, em águas oceânicas e costeiras, incluindo regiões estuarinas e dulcícolas. O cenário taxonômico é especialmente confuso no gênero Tursiops, uma vez que grande parte das formas tem sido sinonimizadas na espécie Tursiopstruncatus. No entanto, estudos recentes sugerem que o gênero Tursiops seja polifilético. O golfinho-nariz-de-garrafa,T.truncatus, ocorre tanto em águas costeiras quanto oceânicas, em todas as regiões tropicais e temperadas. A espécie T. truncatus é tida como polimórfica e tal característica a torna alvo de acirradas discussões acerca do que são variações regionais ou diferentes entidades taxonômicas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a variabilidade morfológica de T. truncatus em distintas regiões oceânicas, buscando fornecer informações que permitam embasar os argumentos para futuras discussões taxonômicas que envolvem o gênero. Para isso, foi feita análise de Morfometria Geométrica em 2-D de crânios em vistas dorsal e lateral de espécimes que ocorrem nos oceanos Pacífico Norte Oriental, Atlântico Norte Ocidental, Atlântico Sul Ocidental, Atlântico Norte Oriental, Atlântico Sul Oriental e Índico. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas em todo o material analisado, incluindo diferenças entre exemplares reconhecidos como T. gephyreus e T. truncatus na costa Atlântica da América do Sul. As variações cranianas encontradas possuem relação com o tipo de ambiente em que os diferentes grupos ocorrem e podem estar relacionadas com a forma de forrageio, captura de presa e ao sistema de ecolocalização. Além disso, as variações na costa Atlântica da América do Sul podem ser explicadas pelo possível reconhecimento de duas espécies nessa região / Delphinids are the most ecologically diverse cetaceans, occurring in a wide range of latitudes in pelagic and coastal waters, including estuarine and freshwater regions. The taxonomy is especially confusing on genus Tursiops, since most forms has been synonymized in the specie Tursiopstruncatus. However, recent studies suggest that Tursiops is polyphyletic. The bottlenose dolphinT.truncatus habit coastal and pelagic waters in all tropical and temperate regions.Tursiopstruncatus is considered polymorphic and this characteristic makes the target of bitter taxonomic discussions about what are regional variations or different taxonomic entities. The objective was to analyze the cranial morphological variability of T. truncatus in different ocean regions to provide arguments for taxonomic discussions involving this genus. Two dimensional Geometric Morphometric analysiswas performed in skulls on dorsal and lateral views of specimens occurring in the Pacific North East, North West Atlantic, South West Atlantic, East North Atlantic, East South Atlantic and Indian oceans. There were significant differences between all groups, including differences between specimens recognizedasT. gephyreus and T. truncatus in the Atlantic coast of South America. The skull variationsare related to the type of environment in which different groups occur and may be relating to the foraging, prey capture and echolocation system. In addition, variations along the Atlantic coast of South America can be explained by the possible recognition of two species in this region

The current study uses the head and neck of giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) as a model for tracking the course of evolutionary change. Gould (2002) has argued that there are three main avenues of evolutionary change that result in the genesis of new morphologies. These are phylogenetic constraints, structural or allometric scaling laws of form, and specific unique adaptations. It is well known that the unique characteristic of the giraffe is its extremely long neck and yet, it only has seven cervical vertebrae. To study the neck the vertebral body lengths of different aged giraffes were measured to determine the contribution of the cervical vertebrae to the total vertebral column. The vertebrae of several extant ungulates as well as those of fossil giraffids were used as a comparison with the giraffe. CT scans were used on several giraffe skulls to study the extent of the frontal sinus in the giraffe in an attempt to explain why the giraffe evolved such a large frontal sinus. The vertebral columns and skulls of several ungulates, including the okapi (Okapia johnstoni) were also used to compare with the results obtained from the giraffe. Immunohistochemistry was used to study the medulla and spinal cord sections of the giraffe to determine if the location and size of the nuclei remained unchanged to the basic ungulate or mammalian plan in spite of the unusually long neck, or if this long neck led to changes in the nuclei found in those regions. The results of these stains were all compared to the published literature available. Although more studies need to be conducted on other ungulates to conclusively determine why giraffe have evolved a long neck, overall the results showed that the anatomy giraffe head and neck remained true to the basic mammalian plan, with very little changing in terms of it morphology. The giraffe brain and spinal cord also resembled that of a typical ungulate. This leads to the conclusion that constraints and allometric scaling laws of form play a greater role than previously thought in the evolution of extreme morphologies.

Extant monotremes have a combination of plesiomorphic and apomorphic characters that causes ambiguity about their basic anatomy and evolutionary history. The problem is compounded by the lack of extinct and extant specimens of monotremes available for study. Only five species of monotremes are currently recognized, and all are endangered. The most speciose subclade, the long-beaked echidna, Zaglossus, has few specimens archived in mammalogy collections relative to the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus, and the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus. As a result, researchers sample from Ornithorhynchus and Tachyglossus, excluding species of Zaglossus from analysis. An equally depauperate fossil record consisting primarily of fragmentary jaws and isolated molars over a broad temporal range (~125 Ma) has led to controversies surrounding the origin and evolution of Monotremata and its major subclades. As new fossils attributable to Monotremata have been discovered, they are placed in conflicting positions on either the crown or the stem. I used CT scans of skeletally immature and mature specimens of Zaglossus bruijni and Zaglossus bartoni, respectively, to describe the cranial osteology of Zaglossus in detail. New insights about the anatomy of Zaglossus were then utilized in a phylogenetic analysis. Zaglossus and the extinct echidna, Megalibgwilia were added to a previously published morphological character matrix, along with 42 new skeletal characters. For the first time, I illustrated the cranial anatomy of Zaglossus bruijnii and Zaglossus bartoni, and described the endocranial morphology and individual variation among the two species. I described patterns of ossification throughout ontogeny that may explain a preservation bias against echidnas. My phylogenetic analysis placed the Early Cretaceous monotremes either on the stem of Ornithorhynchidae or in the monotreme crown, supporting an Early Cretaceous divergence estimate between platypuses and echidnas. I provide the first phylogenetic definition and diagnosis of Monotremata, Ornithorhynchidae, and Tachyglossidae. Based on the distribution of characters of extant monotremes, the ancestral monotreme was likely a terrestrial, scratch-digger capable of electroreception. The ancestral population gave rise to the semi-aquatic platypuses and the large, terrestrial echidnas. Tachyglossus is the most derived of the extant echidnas; it is more appropriate to include Ornithorhynchus and Zaglossus in future phylogenetic analyses. / text

Submitted by Alberto Vieira (martins_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2018-01-12T17:23:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 566977.pdf: 8045975 bytes, checksum: 6d30ac980bf68120652390c77e567cec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-12T17:23:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 566977.pdf: 8045975 bytes, checksum: 6d30ac980bf68120652390c77e567cec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-06-27 / CAPES / Duas espécies viventes têm sido tradicionalmente reconhecidas no gênero Clyomys: C. laticeps (Thomas, 1909) e C. bishopi Avila-Pires e Wutke, 1981. A primeira estaria distribuída do Chaco paraguaio ao Cerrado do Centro-Oeste do Brasil, Minas Gerais e Bahia, ao passo que a segunda estaria restrita às regiões de Cerrado de São Paulo. A população do Chaco paraguaio foi reconhecida como uma subespécie de C. laticeps com base em apenas dois espécimes e nomeada C. laticeps whartoni Moojen, 1952. O reconhecimento das populações de São Paulo como um novo táxon baseou-se no maior tamanho corporal e na coloração cinzento-amarelada destes exemplares, em contraste com a mais ruiva de C. laticeps. As duas espécies apresentam número diplóide e morfologia dos cromossomos semelhantes. O acúmulo de um maior número de exemplares e os resultados de análises citogenéticas recentes levantaram questões da real divergência entre estes as formas reconhecidas como espécies, sugerindo uma análise mais abrangente da variabilidade morfológica do gênero. Análises de variabilidade morfométrica e qualitativa do crânio foram confrontadas com descrições da morfologia fálica e do padrão de coloração da pelagem, para um total de 112 exemplares provenientes de 16 localidades foram analisados. Os resultados indicam que: 1) os critérios utilizados para nomear C. bishopi são contestáveis, pois os caracteres diagnósticos da espécie são compartilhados por outras populações fora de São Paulo; 2) não foi observado qualquer caráter morfológico que distinguisse a amostra do Paraguai como uma subespécie de C. laticeps; 3) a história biogeográfica, associada com as restrições ecológicas impostas pela vida semifossorial podem ter contribuído para a variabilidade observada na morfologia do báculo e no cariótipo entre as populações atuais; 4) o tamanho dos animais pode estar relacionado com os fatores climáticos; 5) a coloração da pelagem em Clyomys pode ser resultado de uma seleção positiva daqueles indivíduos com coloração mais críptica com o ambiente. No entanto, 6) uma estruturação morfométrica em dois agrupamentos geográficos foi revelada. Dados adicionais sobre os cariótipos e a diferenciação genética entre diferentes populações poderão fornecer melhores subsídios para inferir sobre o status taxonômico das amostras populacionais de Clyomys. / The genus Clyomys has included two living species, C. laticeps (Thomas, 1909) and C. bishopi Avila-Pires & Wutke, 1981. The first nominal form would range from the Paraguayan Chaco to the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia throughout the Brazilian Cerrado, while the second is known only for regions of Cerrado enclaves of São Paulo state. The population of the Paraguayan Chaco was recognized as a subspecies of Clyomys laticeps on the basis of two individuals, and named C. laticeps whartoni Moojen, 1952. The samples from São Paulo were mainly distinguished by their larger body size and gray-yellowish coloration, in contrast to the smaller and predominantly rufous specimens of C. laticeps. The two species have revealed similar diploid numbers and chromosome morphology. The recent acquisition of larger series, representative of the two nominal forms, as well as the results of cytogenetic analyses of selected individuals prompted the question of the real divergence between the two recognized species, here examined in a more comprehensive analysis of the morphological variability of genus. Morphometric and qualitative analyses of skull morphology were confronted with the qualitative description of phallic morphology and pelage coloration, for a total of 112 specimens from 16 localities. The results indicate that: 1) criteria used to distinguish Clyomys bishopi are contestable, because presumptive diagnostic characters are shared with other populations from outside of São Paulo State; 2) no surveyed morphological character distinguishes the Paraguayan sample from Clyomys laticeps; 3) biogeographic history, associated with ecological restrictions imposed by the semifossorial habit of Clyomys may have contributed for the variability in bacular morphology and karyotype documented in extant populations; 4) variation in size may be related to climatic factors; 5) pelage coloration in Clyomys may have resulted from positive selection of individuals that displayed a more cryptic coloration in relation to the environment. Nevertheless, 6) a morphometric structuring of studied samples in two geographic groups was revealed. Additional karyological and genetic comparisons among different populations may provide a better framework for inferences on the taxonomical status of populational samples of Clyomys.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-03-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:10:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 breviglieri_cpb_me_sjrp.pdf: 448706 bytes, checksum: cc4e437e1c6fba71a0e0e2b6d1d3c65e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os morcegos constituem um grupo de mamíferos extremamente importantes do ponto de vista ecológico e de saúde pública, sendo importantes dispersores de sementes e pólen nos trópicos. Com a expansão dos agronegócios cada vez mais intensa no noroeste do estado de São Paulo, mais rara fica a presença de fragmentos de mata nativa que sejam substanciais a ponto de manter uma grande variedade de espécies. O próprio desconhecimento da diversidade de espécies para a maioria dos táxons constitui empecilho para a tomada de medidas de cunho conservacionista na região. Nesse contexto, os objetivos deste estudo foram, 1) realizar um levantamento da diversidade de espécies de morcegos - com ênfase nas suas relações tróficas em Phyllostomidae - encontrada em três áreas na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo: (i) Mata Ciliar junto ao córrego Talhadinho, (ii) Mata Ciliar Córrego dos Tenentes e (iii) Fazenda Experimental (Pólo Regional de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico dos Agronegócios do Centro Norte) e testar o efeito da localização da área sobre a riqueza e abundância das espécies; e 2) Verificar interações entre guildas de morcegos e seus recursos alimentares. Para isso, foram realizadas duas coletas mensais em cada área durante o período de junho de 2005 a maio de 2006, utilizando oito redes tipo mist-net montadas ao anoitecer e retiradas após as 0300 h. Após a captura, os morcegos foram identificados em campo, e o antebraço medido com paquímetro. A massa corporal foi registrada com uma balança de campo. Após estes procedimentos o animal foi marcado com uma anilha metálica numerada, com o auxílio de um aplicador, e solto. As relações tróficas foram comparadas utilizando o índices de similaridade de Bray-Curtis, índice de Levins,... / The bats constitute a group of extremely important mammals of the ecological viewpoint and of public health, being important dispersores of seeds and pollen in the tropics. With the expansion of the agribusinesses more and more intense in the northwest of the state of São Paulo, more rare stayed the native forest fragments presence that be substantial to the point of maintain a big range of species. The own unfamiliarity of the diversity of species for the majority of the táxons was constituted impediment for the conservation stamp measures taking in the region. In that context, the objectives of this study were, 10 1) carry out a hoist of the bats species diversity - with emphasis in his trophic relations in Phyllostomidae - found in three areas in the northwest region of the State of São Paulo: (I) Ciliary Forest next to the Talhadinho brook, (ii) Ciliary Forest of the Tenentes brook and (iii) Experimental Farm (Pólo Regional de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico dos Agronegócios do Centro Norte) and quiz the effect of the location of the area about the wealth and abundance of the species; and 2) Verify interactions between guilds of bats and his resources you will feed. For that, were carried out two monthly collections in each area during the period of June of 2005 to May of 2006, utilizing eight amounted to mist-net kind nets the nightfall and retreats after the 0300 h. After capture, the bats were identified in field, and the forearm measured with pachymeter. The corporal batter was recorded with a scale of field. After these procedures the animal was marked with a anilha metallic numbered ring, with the aid of an aplicador, and free. The trophic relations were compared utilizing the indices of similarity of Bray-Enjoy, index of Levins, superimposition of niche and analyses of complex nets. They were recorded twenty-four ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Hyaenids reached their peak diversity during the Mio-Pliocene, when an array of carnivorous species emerged alongside dwindling civet-like and mongoose-like insectivorous/omnivorous taxa. Significantly, bone-cracking morphological adaptations were poorly developed in these newly-emerged species. This, their general canid-like morphology, and the absence/rarity of canids in Eurasia and Africa at the time, has led researchers to hypothesise that these carnivorous Mio-Pliocene hyaenas were ecological vicars to modern canids. To shed further light on their diets and foraging strategies, we examine and compare the dental microwear textures of Hyaenictitherium namaquensis, Ikelohyaena abronia, Chasmaporthetes australis, and Hyaenictis hendeyi from the South African Mio-Pliocene site of Langebaanweg with those of the extant feliforms Crocuta crocuta, Acinonyx jubatus, and Panthera leo (caniforms are not included because homologous wear facets are not directly comparable between the suborders). Sample sizes for individual fossil species are small, which limits confidence in assessments of variation between the extinct taxa; however, these Mio-Pliocene hyaenas exhibit surface complexity and textural fill volume values that are considerably lower than those exhibited by the living hyaena, Crocuta crocuta. Dental microwear texture analysis thus supports interpretations of craniodental evidence suggesting low bone consumption in carnivorous Mio-Pliocene hyaenas.

Mammals are an extremely successful group of tetrapods, and the great diversity of limb morphologies and locomotor modes is underpinned by adaptations in their long bones. Elongation of long bones takes place at each end of the bone shaft, at the epiphyseal growth plate surface. Secondary ossification centres form bony epiphyses above these growth plates, eventually fusing with the plates and marking the end of bone elongation. The proximal growth plate surface in the humerus is not uniform, with varying distributions of peaks and grooves that appear to differ across Mammalia. Although the process of growth plate bone deposition is well understood, there has been limited research on the growth plate surface morphology and what factors may be influencing it, such as ecology, phylogeny, or ontogeny. Using synchrotron propagation phase-contrast X-ray microtomography to reconstruct 3D models of the growth plate surface of the proximal humerus. We applied a metric called ariaDNE to quantify and measure the curvatures of these surfaces. We studied several extant mammals and one fossil stem mammal. We found that there was a high diversity of growth plate morphologies across mammal species, but the overall morphology remained consistent within the same species. The morphology also appears to shift throughout different ontogenetic stages, with a trend towards higher complexity in later developmental stages. The fossil specimen, G. planiceps, has a growth plate morphology that is remarkably similar to the short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus). Preliminary statistical tests suggest that growth plate morphology may be influenced by phylogeny and locomotory mode, although our small dataset has likely introduced sampling bias and the sample size should be expanded to find significant patterns. Growth plate surface morphology should be further explored due to its potential palaeobiological applications for the interpretation of ecology and evolution of extinct taxa.

No / Yellow leaf syndrome (YLS) of sugarcane is associated with sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV), a member of the family Luteoviridae. A fragment of the coat protein and readthrough domain of SCYLV was expressed in a bacterial expression system. The resulting protein was purified and used to immunize mice for monoclonal antibody (MAb) production. Two MAbs, 3A2E3 and 2F7H5, were selected following the screening of hybridoma cells using both plate-trapped antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PTA-ELISA) and tissue blot immunoassay (TBIA). These MAbs can be incorporated into the TBIA assay currently used for the routine detection of SCYLV but could not be used in triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA). The two antibodies selected have slightly different specificities. Antibody 3A2E3 gave equivalent results to a polyclonal antiserum (raised to purified virus) in comparative testing using TBIA. The MAbs produced should provide a widely available, uniform reagent for SCYLV diagnosis with the potential to help manage YLS.

A conversão do uso do solo é uma das principais ameaçadas à fauna, pois a paisagem torna-se fragmentada e as áreas ocupadas por vegetação nativa são reduzidas, podendo alterar a estrutura das comunidades animais. Neste estudo, a comunidade de mamíferos de médio e grande porte (> 1 kg) foi avaliada em uma paisagem fragmentada com matriz de eucalipto, no sul do Estado de São Paulo, municípios de Buri e Capão Bonito (23°52\'47\" S; 48°23\'24\" O), através de três métodos distintos instalados conjuntamente (parcelas de areia, camera-trap e scent stations - nesta última foram utilizadas iscas atrativas específicas para carnívoros e onívoros, Canine Call® e Pro\'s Choice®). Os objetivos desta dissertação foram: i) avaliar a estrutura dessa comunidade em função da estrutura da paisagem; ii) comparar métodos de amostragem utilizados, discutindo sua aplicação. O levantamento das espécies foi realizado em cinco campanhas de cinco dias cada, entre 2010-2012, com unidades amostrais instaladas na matriz, nos corredores e nos fragmentos florestais, sendo que os elementos da paisagem foram avaliados em buffers de 250, 500, 1000 e 2000 m. Foram registradas 20 espécies de mamíferos de médio e grande porte, sendo a maioria (n=18) encontrada nos ambientes ocupados por vegetação nativa. Embora em menor número, várias espécies foram registradas na matriz. Outras medidas de biodiversidade como riqueza de grupos e diversidade funcional foram avaliados, no entanto, foram redundantes ao número de espécies. As proporções de vegetação nativa, a 250 e 2000 m, foram as mais importantes para explicar a frequência de registros de diversas espécies. Em termos de composição, os conjuntos de espécies obtidos nos remanescentes e corredores florestais foram semelhantes. Dentre os métodos de amostragem, as parcelas de areia demonstraram ser mais eficientes em estudos curtos, porém, seu custo financeiro é significativamente superior para estudos de longo prazo. A utilização de iscas odoríferas é uma inovação na região neotropical, apesar de suas incertezas na atração da fauna. Uma desvantagem desses métodos é que várias espécies não podem ser precisamente identificadas, dada a semelhança dos rastros, o que raramente ocorre com a utilização de cameras-trap, onde os espécimes são visualizados em fotografias, permitindo uma identificação segura. As diferentes metodologias utilizadas apresentaram taxas de registros distintas, ou seja, não foram capazes de identificar a mesma comunidade, entretanto, as estimativas de riqueza, quando avaliadas separadamente, indicam que os três atingiriam o mesmo resultado final. Este estudo sugere que paisagens silviculturais fragmentadas podem ser importantes para a conservação de mamíferos se bem planejadas, como a manutenção de manchas de habitat em bons estados de conservação e corredores que conectem os elementos florestais. Além disso, a utilização dos métodos de amostragem deve ser planejados de acordo com a finalidade do estudo. / The land use conversion is a major threat to wildlife because the landscape becomes fragmented and the areas occupied by native vegetation are reduced, altering the structure of animal communities. In this study, the medium to large-sized mammal community (> 1 kg) was evaluated in a fragmented landscape in eucalyptus matrix, in the southern São Paulo State, Buri and Capão Bonito municipalities (23°52\'47\" S, 48°23\'24\" W), using three different methods installed together (sand plots, camera-trap and scent stations, where were used specific baits to carnivores and omnivores, Canine Call® and Pro\'s Choice®). The objectives of this work were: i) to evaluate the structure of the community as a function of landscape structure, ii) compare sampling methods used, discussing their application. The species sampling was conducted in five campaigns of five days each, between 2010-2012, with sampling units installed in the matrix, corridors and forest fragments. The landscape elements were evaluated in buffers with 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 m around. We recorded 20 medium and large mammals species, the majority (n=18) found in y native vegetation (corridors and habitat patches). Although only several species were recorded in the matrix. Other measures of biodiversity as a functional group richness and functional diversity were evaluated, however, the results were the same obtained to species richness. The proportions of native vegetation, 250 and 2000 m, were most important in explaining the records frequency for many species. In terms of composition, the assemblage obtained in the habitat patches and forest corridors were similar. Among the methods of sampling, the sand plots was more effective in short-term assessment, however, its financial cost is significantly higher for long-term studies. The use of lure in scent stations is an innovation in the Neotropical, despite their uncertainties in attracting the animals. A disadvantage of these methods is that several species cannot be accurately identified because of the similarity of the tracks, which rarely occurs with the use of cameras-trap, where the specimens are shown in photographs, allowing a reliable identification. The different methodologies used showed different rates of records, or were not able to identify the same community, however, the richness estimates, when evaluated separately, indicate that the three would achieve the same result. This study suggests that forestry fragmented landscapes may be important for mammals conservation if well planned, such as the maintenance of habitat patches and corridors that connect the remaining habitat fragments. Furthermore, the use of sampling method must be planned according to the purpose of study.