Texte remanié de: Diss.--Philosophische Fakultät--Universität Leipzig, 1915. Titre de soutenance : Mana : eine begriffsgeschichtliche Untersuchung aus ethnologischer Grundlage. / Bibliogr. p. [135]-139. Index.

Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009. / Thesis Advisor(s): Hughes, Wayne P. ; Kline, Jeffrey F. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 13, 2009. DTIC Identifiers: Formidable, Steregushchiy, Sigma, Visby, Strait Of Hormuz, surface warfare, C-802, C-701, Torpedo, Harpoon, Exocet, CIWS, Seahawk, Hellfire, countermeasure effectiveness, LCS (Littoral Combat Ship). Author(s) subject terms: LCS, MILGEM, Formidable, Steregushchiy, Sigma, Visby, Iran, Strait of Hormuz, IRGN, Hughes' Salvo Equations, Surface Warfare, ASUW, ASW, C-802, C-701, Torpedo, ASCM, Harpoon, Exocet, RBS, RAM, CIWS, PDMS, SAM, SSM, Seahawk, Hellfire, Countermeasure Effectiveness, ECM, ESM, RCS, Jane's, MANA. Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-146). Also available in print.

This analysis uses the term mana as a lens to interrogate a regionally diverse range of Māori lore texts. It will be seen that categories of human-nature, natural-supernatural are often permeable in Māori lore because of the agency provided by mana. This permeability is transcendental unity which destabilizes the notion that humans are fully distinct from their environment. Transcendental unity is expressed in Māori lore through changes in states of being or planes of existence, biological-environmental metaphoric equivalences, and metaphysical spheres of reciprocal influence. I argue relations between humans and the non-human environment involve genealogical ties, are mediated by mana, and suggest a transcendental form of unity characterized by common essence and characteristics. / Graduate

In this thesis some Māori-Māori and Māori-European transactions in pre-colonial New Zealand are examined in detail to establish why physical violence resulted although violence had not been the intention. A methodology adapted from those developed by Brass (1997) and Wilson (2008) for investigating violence has been used. The aim was to identify who were the social actors at key turning points in the sequences, what initiated the sequences and what eventually caused them to stop. Thus the focus of the analysis was to find which motivating factors influenced the actors’ decision making and caused the situations to evolve in the way they did. Using archival material, sailor and missionary journals, indigenous narratives, oral literature, genealogical and artifact records both Māori and European ways of ‘seeing’ and ‘knowing’ the world have been compared for evidence that ontological disjunction may have been a source of poor decision making. Competing notions of what constitutes theft are explored as one aspect of such disjunctions, because in all the transactions the initiating circumstance involved an action that could have been perceived as theft. Yet in addition to being a source of misunderstanding in the local cases described, theft is also shown to interfere with the social relationships of individuals and groups, diminishing their self-esteem and affecting their mana. It is this component of decision-making that is shown to have been crucial in provoking violence in all the New Zealand cases described. In turn the relationships between mana, honour and theft have been linked to contemporary records about the character and personality characteristics of the social actors who have been implicated in the violent actions. This suggests that Anton Blok’s notion of “Honour and Violence” applies cross-culturally, and equally, to early New Zealand as it does to the Northern Hemisphere examples he has used, and that further cross-cultural investigations of this connection may “allow us to reach some measure of transcultural understanding” (2001: 11). Furthermore, the results of this study also strongly suggest that preventing physical violence, promoting and negotiating peace require that mana and honour should be acknowledged.

Lithic artifacts are used in the understanding of human history. In order to do so, analyses and categorizations are made of the artifacts with the use of several methods and terminology. In this thesis, the minimum analytical nodule analysis (MANA) is used as method to analyze assemblages of lithic artifacts from 16 archaeological sites in Sweden. The sites date to Middle Mesolithic (c. 6800–5500 BC) and Late Mesolithic (c. 5500–3900 BC). The aim is to try to understand activities at the sites, and the theory of social organization is used. The results of the study indicate that it is possible to divide the sites into three types based on activity scenarios. In addition to this, the words ‘mobility’ and ‘sedentism’ are problematized in an attempt to understand how mobility and sedentism can be interpreted, both in the light of previous research and based on the results of this study. / Litiska artefakter används i förståelsen av människans historia. För att göra det, görs analyser och kategoriseringar av materialet med användning av flertalet metoder och terminologi. I den här uppsatsen, används minimum analytical nodule analysis (MANA) som metod för att analysera samlingar av litiska artefakter från 16 arkeologiska platser (eng. sites) i Sverige. Platserna är daterade till mellanmesolitikum (ca 6800–5500 f.Kr.) och senmesolitikum (ca 5500–3900 f.Kr.). Syftet är att försöka förstå aktiviteter på platserna, och teorin om social organisation används. Studiens resultat indikerar att det är möjligt att dela in platserna i tre typer baserat på aktivitetsscenarion. Därtill, problematiseras orden ’mobilitet’ och ’sedentism’ i ett försök att förstå hur mobilitet och sedentism kan tolkas, både i ljuset av tidigare forskning och baserat på resultaten av den här studien.

Thesis (M.Dev.Stud.)--Victoria University of Wellington, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis is a theoretical and empirical exploration of Māori women's knowledges and understandings of Papatūānuku in contemporary Aotearoa. The primary focus of this research is on the complexities, connections, and contradictions of Māori women's embodied relationships with the spaces of Papatūānuku - spaces that are simultaneously material, discursive, symbolic, and spiritual. In doing so, I displace the boundaries between coloniser/colonised, self/other, rational/irrational and scientific/spiritual. I demonstrate that Māori women's colonised realities produce multiple, complex and hybrid understandings of Papatūānuku. This thesis has three main strands. The first is theoretical. I offer mana wahine (Māori feminist discourses) as another perspective for geography that engages with the complex intersections of colonisation, race and gender. A mana wahine geography framework is a useful lens through which to explore the complexities of Māori women's relationships to space and place. This framework contributes to, and draws together, feminist geographies and Māori and indigenous academic scholarship. Autobiographical material is woven with joint and individual semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted with nine Māori women in the Waikato region. The second strand, woven into this thesis, is a critical examination of the colonisation of Māori women's spiritual and embodied relationships to Papatūānuku. The invisibility of Māori women's knowledges in dominant conceptualisations of mythology, tikanga and wairua discourses is not a harmless omission rather it contains a political imperative that maintains the hegemony of colonialism and patriarchy. I argue that to understand further Māori women's relationships to space and place an examination of wairua discourses is necessary. The third strand reconfigures embodied and spatial conceptualisations of Papatūānuku. Māori women's maternal bodies are intimately tied to Papatūānuku in a way that challenges the oppositional distinctions between mind/body and biology/social inscription. Māori women's maternal bodies (and the representation of them in te reo Māori) are constructed by, and in turn, construct Papatūānuku. Furthermore, women's spatial relationship to tūrangawaewae, home space and wider environmental concerns demonstrates the co-constitution of subjectivities, bodies and space/place. My hope is that this thesis will add to geographical literature by addressing previously ignored knowledges and that it will contribute to indigenous scholarship by providing a spatial perspective.

I investigate the relation between firm risk and firm transparency over the period 1992-2006 and find that the level of firm transparency and the level of firm risk are negatively related. I also find that higher CEO pay-performance sensitivity (delta) works to mitigate this inverse relationship. This result is consistent with Hermalin and Weisbach (2007) who suggest that managers reduce risk to protect their pay and performance evaluations under higher levels of firm transparency. I further find that firms in high technology industries are more likely to increase risk relative to firms in other industries when transparency is high. Finally, I develop an additional proxy for transparency based on the Standard and Poor’s Transparency and Disclosure Score. Results using this proxy are generally consistent with my findings that there is an inverse relationship between risk and transparency and that CEO pay-performance sensitivity lessens this relationship.

El gangli sentinella o ganglis sentinelles (GS) és el gangli que recull el drenatge limfàtic del tumor i són de localització axil·lars i extraaxil·lars, com a la cadena mamària interna (CMI). Hi ha evidència a la literatura del pronòstic negatiu de les metàstasis del càncer de mama en la CMI, però ha estat controvertit i abandonat el seu tractament quirúrgic, donada la morbiditat i la manca d'evidència d'impacta en la supervivència. Les pacients, però, seleccionades per rebre el buidament de la CMI presentaven tumors detectats clínicament. Des dels estudis publicats l'any 1997, on es demostrava que la radioteràpia (RT) postmastectomia en pacients de risc tant post com menopàusiques aporta un increment de la supervivència i que en la planificació de la irradiació sempre s'incloïa la CMI, hi ha un interès renovat en el coneixement i inclusió d'aquesta cadena ganglionar en la planificació de la RT. El tractament de RT incloent la CMI és complexa i incrementa el risc de toxicitat. A més, la complexitat augmenta quan s'ha realitzat una cirurgia conservadora de la mama que és la tècnica més àmpliament utilitzada en tumors en Estadi I-II. L'estudi del GS aplicat a tumors en Estadis I-II amb la comprovació de l'afectació de la CMI i les repercussions tant d'indicació com de la planificació de la RT és l'eix d'aquesta tesi. La hipòtesis d'aquest treball és que la tècnica de la biòpsia selectiva del GS aplicada a la CMI pot tenir implicacions terapèutiques en la RT.S'han analitzat diversos grups de pacients amb estudi del GS per càncer de mama. Subgrup a. (n=225) des del juny'98 fins desembre'02, d'elles 105 en la fase primera de validació (subgrup a.i) de la tècnica (fins desembre'00 (tumors fins 4 cm i sense biòpsia de la CMI) i 120 en fase d'aplicació (subgrup a.ii) (tumors fins 2,5 cm). Des de l'inici de la fase d'aplicació fins maig'04 s'inclouen 220 pacients (subgrup b.ii) on s'hi valora la taxa de recaigudes axil·lars i falsos negatius (FN) i el subgrup c.ii amb 278 pacients en la fase d'aplicació fins juliol'04. En total 383 pacients entre juny'98 i juliol'04. Des del gener'03 es va incloure tumors fins 3 cm. En el subgrup a.ii la taxa de pacients amb identificació del GS en l'acte quirúrgic va ser del 96,6%, amb un 17,2% a la CMI. Exèresis CMI exitosa 14/20 (69%) i en 2 casos (14%) es va demostrar infiltració per carcinoma. Del total de les pacients en què es va identificat el GS durant l'acte quirúrgic el percentatge de metàstasi a la CMI és baix, un 1,7% i en ambdós casos el GS axil·lar també va ser positiu. En el subgrup c.ii les dades són similars (1,8%). FN: 8,3% subgrup a.i; 2,7% subgrup a.ii i 3,45% subgrup b.ii, que es correlaciona amb la mida màxima tumoral definida en cada subgrup. El drenatge a la CMI va ser més freqüent en tumors de quadrants inferiors (24,5%) i medials (23%), essent la localització més freqüent el quadrant ínfero-medial (31,7%). Tot i que el valor real de la inclusió de la CMI en la planificació de RT en el càncer de mama en estadis inicials es desconeix i pel baix percentatge de metàstasis a la CMI en aquest estudi, no es podrà planificar un assaig aleatoritzat. No es recomana la inclusió de la CMI en el volum de tractament de RT a no ser que l'exèresi del GS a la CMI sigui positiu i sempre planificant la RT amb tècniques 3D per reduir al màxim els efectes adversos a nivell de la unió de camps i reduir la dosi als òrgans en risc. / "Incidence of Internal Mammary Node Metastases After a Sentinel Lymph Node Technique in Breast Cancer and its Implication in the Radiotherapy Plan"To analyze the frequency in determining pathologically-proven metastatic involvement of internal mammary nodes (IMN) after sentinel lymph node (SLN) technique in breast cancer and evaluate its implications for radiotherapy (RT) management of patients.METHODS AND MATERIALS: Three hundred and eighty three patients who underwent lymphatic mapping for early breast cancer from June 1998 to July 2004 were evaluated. There were different subgroups, subgroup a. 225 patients till December 2002 with two phases in that period: the validation phase till December 2000 (subgroup a.i) (105 patients, T1, T2 &#61603; 4 cm), and the application phase (subgroup a.ii) (120 patients, T1, T2 < 2.5cm). The application phase till May 2004 (220 patients) and till July 2004 (278 patients). Since January 2003 tumors were included till 3 cm. In the validation if a drainage pathway to the IMN was identified no biopsy was performed in this phase. In the application if the study showed metastases in the IMNs biopsy was performed. When histologically proven IMN metastases were detected, RT was included on the IMN chain planned with a 3D treatment system using conformal techniques. At the beginning of the study the injection site was subdermal and subsequently, the injection site was changed to peritumoral and intratumoral in order to search for IMN.RESULTS: In 31 patients of 225 (14%) hot spots were observed in the IMN (11.5% and 17.2% in the phases a.i and a.ii respectively). Sampling of IMN was successful in 69% of the cases (14/20) and revealed metastatic involvement in 14% (2/14). This represents incidence of only 1.7% (2/116) in early breast cancer patients. These results were similar in the subgroup c.ii (1.8%). False negative rate: 8.3% subgroup a.i; 2.7% subgroup a.ii and 3.45% subgroup b.ii. CONCLUSIONS: The percentage in pathologically-proven metastatic involvement of IMN after SLN technique in early breast cancer is low, but it is not negligible. Although the real value of IMN irradiation in early breast cancer is not known, including this chain in post conserving surgery is not recommended unless pathologically-proven IMNs have been produced by SLN technique. In order to avoid over dosage or under dosage in the joint between the medial tangential and IMN fields an individualized 3D dosimetry study is mandatory to enhance dose distribution and reduce the heart volume to lessen side-effects.

Thesis (PhD)--AUT University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references. Also held in print ([15], 222 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.) in the Archive at the City Campus (T 303.4833082 HAM)