Flooding is the most devastating natural hazard in Pakistan and the recent flooding has demonstrated its severeness. Floods are common all over the country, though the province of Sindh experience the most damages. River Indus flows on a ridge here and once the surplus water during flood events leave the main channel does not return back. Therefore it is very important to adapt to this disaster. This study aims at identifying ways to address the problem of floods in upper Sindh for which Sukkur district was chosen. Questionnaire survey and interviews were conducted in three talukas of the district in the aftermath of recent floods (2010, 2011 and 2012) to provide a baseline study for Sustainable Flood Disaster Management Plan for the upper Sindh region. Recommendations were put to reduce the flood losses for the future floods.

This study set out to test the potential of an environmental management planning method to be adapted into a food system planning framework, referred to as a Regional Food System Management Plan (RFSMP). The RFSMP approach is a valuable and useful tool for regional food systems planning as it promotes community and environmental sustainability through enhanced food self-reliance. The RFSMP framework was developed and tested in the context of the Sea to Sky Region of British Columbia. The main components of the RFSMP framework included delineation of regional boundaries, stakeholder values identification and calculation of food self-reliance. Implementation of the RFSMP framework focused on the planning stage and the crop production components of the food system. This study recommends future work to address agricultural data gaps, complete the RFSMP framework beyond the planning phase and production component of the food system, and test the planning framework in other regions.

Första januari år 2013 trädde den senaste versionen av MARPOL Annex V i kraft. Denna studie har genom en litteraturstudie samt intervjuer med nautiska befäl sökt svar på vilka förändringar som skedde, hur dem implementerats ombord samt hur förändringarna upplevts av sjöfarare. Syftet med studien var att bidra med en pusselbit till bilden av hur avfallssortering utövas till sjöss samt hur arbetet med det upplevs. Litteraturstudien kom fram till att den stora skillnaden är att papper, glas, metall samt aska inte längre får slängas i havet. Inom specialområde får endast matavfall destruerat genom avfallskvarn slängas överbord. Intervjuerna visade att respondenterna inte påverkats nämnvärt av förändringarna då de redan tidigare följt strängare riktlinjer och regelverk för avfallshantering. Den mest betydande arbetsuppgiften för avfallsansvarigt befäl ombord är att underrätta övrig besättning om hur avfall skall hanteras. Dock efterfrågas av samtliga befäl ytterligare internationell lagstiftning riktat mot hamnar för en global likformighet för att underlätta arbetet som annars kan ses som krångligt och omotiverat. / The first of January 2013 came an updated version of MARPOL Annex V. This research has been made with a literature study and interviews with nautical officers searched for answers to what changes have been made, how they are implemented on board and how the changes experienced by seafarers. The purpose of this study was to contribute how the waste handling works onboard, how waste sorting exercise at sea and how the work is perceived. The literature study found that the major difference is that paper, glass, metal and ashes can no longer be thrown in the sea. Food waste inside special areas must have been processed through a food waste disposer before thrown overboard. The interviews showed that respondents are not significantly affected by the changes as they have already followed a more strict version of the regulations for waste disposal. The most important task for the waste responsible officer on board is to inform the rest of the crew on how waste should be managed onboard. All the respondents ask for international legislation directed at ports of a global uniformity in order to facilitate the work that otherwise might be viewed as burdensome and unjustified.

Yachting known as a relatively old and an expensive leisure activity, due to recent developments of technology and construction techniques has become accessible to a wider range of people. Mediterranean coasts have a great importance among the world yachters. There is a congestion of yacht traffic in the western and middle Mediterranean marinas, so the yachters tend to go to the Eastern Mediterranean including the Turkish coasts. G&ouml / cek is the most popular yachting region in Turkey with its sheltered bays, natural beauties and archeological heritage. G&ouml / cek Bays are among the first group of Specially Protected Areas declared in Turkey. Yachting activity in summer months has been an ever-increasing use. At present, there exists a very low level of managerial effort for limiting the environmental impacts of boating activities in G&ouml / cek Bays. The uncontrolled yachting in G&ouml / cek Bays presents a growing pressure on the environment, and the coastal and marine ecosystem. On the other hand, it contributes to decreasing the quality of holidays due to congestion, noise and water pollution. The aim of this thesis is to produce information that would contribute to a future regional yacht tourism management plan for G&ouml / cek Bays. To determine the preferences and evaluations of the yachters about this region two surveys have been carried out during the summers of 2000 and 2001. During these surveys questionnaires were distributed to the users and their priorities of several items were asked. Besides some demographic information about the user was obtained.

Fethiye-G&ouml / cek area is one of the nine coastal Specially Protected Area (SPA) in Turkey. Since mid-80&rsquo / s G&ouml / cek town has developed to be a yachting center, and the bays of G&ouml / cek have acquired a well-earned international fame as a paradise for boating vacations. However, the uncontrolled yachting in this bay area presents a growing pressure on the environment, and the coastal and marine ecosystem. In this thesis a computer model for simulating the movements of yachts in G&ouml / cek Bays is developed. The computer model uses the Multinomial Logit Model (MNL) to find the probabilities for the boaters to select the next bay to visit. The model predicts the number of boats in each bay at the end of a day, the number of boats visited each bay during the day and the distribution of boater categories among the bays throughout the simulation time. In order to get the data needed for the inputs, a questionnaire was formed, and a detailed survey was carried out in G&ouml / cek Bays. In addition to the questionnaires, the number of the boats anchored were also observed in the field studies. The model is applied to the G&ouml / cek Bays and the results obtained are compared with the data obtained in the field. In the following years, the yacht movements and distributions at various anchor locations can be predicted with this model. These predictions will be useful in a future management plan that aims to control of yacht movement and anchoring.

No mundo inteiro a discussão, ocorrida nas duas últimas décadas, sobre a gestão de resíduos sólidos, em congressos técnicos, em ambientes parlamentares e mesmo junto a população, tem sido dominada pela necessidade da humanidade fazer algo que realmente mude a realidade hoje vivida. As tecnologias existentes são suficientes para tratar de maneira eficiente a maioria dos resíduos que são gerados, mas o que falta à nossa sociedade é a capacidade de prever ações dentro de sistemas de planejamento estruturados, que originem políticas públicas coerentes. No ambiente acadêmico não tem sido diferente, muito se pesquisa, muito se ensina, mas no dia a dia as ferramentas de gestão que são ensinadas em aula, mas não são aplicadas. Neste trabalho desenvolveu-se, dentro do ambiente acadêmico, uma ferramenta de gestão que fornece uma estrutura para a elaboração de Planos de Gerenciamento de Resíduos Sólidos e que permite avaliar o seu grau de implantação. Para isto foi montado um modelo, baseado numa planilha, foram realizadas amostragem de resíduos em várias Unidades da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, sendo apresentados os dados quantitativos, os procedimentos e os planos para a melhoria da gestão. Aplicando a ferramenta de avaliação, que permitia a nota máxima de 100 pontos, as Unidades avaliadas obtiveram resultados que se adequavam à realidade encontrada, com 41 pontos para a que tinha o Plano iniciado a menos tempo. Aplicada em mais de um ciclo a ferramenta conseguiu também avaliar os avanços obtidos no processo de gestão, com a variação de 67 para 84 pontos na Unidade com mais tempo de implantação. Também apresentou entre os itens avaliados (liderança, estratégias, usuários, sociedade, pessoal e resultados), quais os que representavam maior risco e deveriam receber mais atenção no ciclo de melhoria seguinte especificamente sempre o de Estratégias. / Throughout the last two decades, in the whole word, the debate about solid waste management, in technical congresses, parliamentary spaces and even with the population has been dominated by humanity's need to do something that really changes the reality we are experiencing today. Existing technologies are sufficient to efficiently treat most of the waste that is generated, but what is lacking in our society is the ability to predict actions within structured planning systems that yield consistent public policies. In the academic space has not been different, much if research, much is taught, but in the day to day management tools that are taught in class, but are not implemented. In this work, a management tool was developed within the Academia, that provides a framework for the elaboration of Solid Waste Management Plans and allows evaluating their degree of implementation. For this purpose, a model based on a spreadsheet was set up. Samples were collected at various units of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Quantitative data, procedures and plans for improving management were presented. Applying the evaluation tool, which allowed a maximum score of 100 points, the Academics Units evaluated had results that were adequate to the reality found, with 41 points for which the plan was started in less time. Applied in more than one cycle, the tool was also able to evaluate the progress made in the management process, with the change from 67 to 84 points in the Unit with more implementation time. It also presented among the evaluated items (leadership, strategies, users, society, personnel and results), which represented the highest risk and should receive more attention in the following improvement cycle specifically always the Strategy.

Red blood cells are a scarce resource whose demand often exceeds its supply. Intraoperative red cell salvage has proven to be a highly effective blood conservation strategy, as it can reduce the need for allogeneic blood transfusion. However, the use of cell saver alone is not sufficient. Without specific blood ordering guidelines, the amount of allogeneic blood product requested and cross&ndash;matched is often much greater than the real level of consumption. Efficient blood ordering guidelines have been developed in the past, and have succeeded in providing a more accurate prediction of actual need for intraoperative blood transfusion and minimizing waste. Few studies attempted to examine the blood ordering and utilization pattern with an emphasis on surgical cases that involve the use of intraoperative cell salvage. With the use of intraoperative cell salvage devices to reduce the amount of blood bank products required during surgery, considerable change in the practice of ordering cross&ndash;matched blood should be made. We retrospectively assessed the effectiveness of one Standardized Clinical Assessment and Management Plan (SCAMP) in improving the efficiency of blood utilization and reducing waste. This SCAMP was introduced at our Boston Children's Hospital in July 2012 as a blood ordering guideline for all pediatric orthopedic patients who are scheduled for intraoperative cell salvage. We retrospectively compared demographic variables, clinical characteristics, and blood utilization patterns of patients who underwent orthopedic procedure and received cell saver blood during the 17 months prior to the introduction of SCAMP (n = 455) and those who underwent similar procedures during the 15 months after the introduction of SCAMP (n = 487). Results suggested that demographic variables including age, weight, and sex were similar between the pre&ndash;SCAMP and post&ndash;SCAMP groups. It also demonstrated that after the introduction of SCAMP, the mean percentage utilization of blood (number of units used/number of units ordered x 100%) increased by 24.4% (p < 0.001), while the difference between the number of units ordered and number of units used reduced by 0.5 units (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the introduction of a SCAMP for blood product ordering has led to an increase in the efficiency of blood utilization and a reduction in blood waste. However, further evaluation and modification of the SCAMP need to be made in order to better predict actual level of utilization of blood products.

Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-11T18:06:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ZENÓBIO FERNANDES RODRIGUES DE OLIVEIRA – TESE (PPGRN) 2017.pdf: 2285666 bytes, checksum: e755eb9e5f1b3ecb19521ad85d5b96ac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-11T18:06:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ZENÓBIO FERNANDES RODRIGUES DE OLIVEIRA – TESE (PPGRN) 2017.pdf: 2285666 bytes, checksum: e755eb9e5f1b3ecb19521ad85d5b96ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-20 / A preocupação mundial em relação aos resíduos sólidos, em especial os Resíduos dos Serviços de Saúde (RSS), tem aumentado ante o crescimento da produção, do gerenciamento inadequado e da falta de áreas de disposição final. Neste interim, a assistência à saúde é prestada por uma rede de serviços que inclui desde atendimentos residenciais, passando por unidades básicas de saúde e hospitais de alta complexidade. O presente estudo objetivou a verificação do manejo dos resíduos sólidos de saúde na Maternidade ―Frei Damião‖, em João Pessoa-PB, com base em pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, numa investigação descritivo analítica com trinta profissionais de saúde da Maternidade no período de janeiro a junho de 2017. Realizou-se uma análise descritiva por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas compostas de perguntas abertas, visando analisar a percepção ambiental destes trabalhadores quanto aos resíduos produzidos na unidade hospitalar. Os profissionais foram selecionados a partir de um grupo representativo de seis categorias: médicos, enfermeiros, psicólogos, assistentes sociais, farmacêuticos e fisioterapeutas. Os dados foram analisados obedecendo às seguintes etapas: reunião do corpus de análise; leitura flutuante dos achados; leitura aprofundada a fim de constituir categorias de análise; análise interpretativa das categorias; e discussão com a literatura pertinente. Os resultados permitiram concluir que: há ainda lacunas enormes para serem preenchidas no processo de gerenciamento dos resíduos de saúde do serviço hospitalar; a percepção dos profissionais envolvidos do ambiente hospitalar está ligada mais aos cuidados com os pacientes, pois nem todos vislumbram a importância da segregação, e destes alguns desconhecem o processo de destinação final dos resíduos sólidos de saúde. Para tanto, é de grande importância que a unidade invista em educação e saúde na unidade a que todos estão envolvidos, sobre o manejo correto dos resíduos sólidos de saúde da instituição. / Global concern about solid waste, especially Health Care Waste (HCW), has increased as production increases, inadequate management and lack of final disposal areas. In this interim, health care is provided by a network of services ranging from residential care, through basic health units and hospitals of high complexity. The present study aimed to verify the management of solid health wastes in the "Frei Damião" Maternity, in João Pessoa-PB, based on qualitative research, in a descriptive-analytical research with thirty Maternity health professionals in the period of January to June 2017. A descriptive analysis was conducted through semi-structured interviews with open questions, aiming to analyze the environmental perception of these workers regarding the waste produced in the hospital unit. The professionals were selected from a representative group of six categories: doctors, nurses, psychologists, social workers, pharmacists and physiotherapists. The data were analyzed obeying the following steps: meeting of the corpus of analysis; Floating reading of findings; In order to constitute categories of analysis; Interpretative analysis of categories; and discussion with relevant literature. The results allowed concluding that: 1) there are still huge gaps to be filled in the process of health waste management in the hospital service. 2) The perception of the professionals involved in the hospital environment is more related to patient care, since not everyone sees the importance of segregation, and some of them are unaware of the process of final disposal of solid health wastes. 3) Therefore, it is of great importance that the health unit must invests in education and health in the unit to which all are involved, on the correct management of the solid health residues of the institution.

A pesquisa consiste na analise geográfica com ênfase ao Patrimônio Geomorfológico da Estação Ecológica Serra Geral do Tocantins e entorno localizada entre a porção leste do Estado do Tocantins e a porção oeste do Estado da Bahia, região conhecida como Jalapão. Além da analise geográfica, a pesquisa tem como objetivo principal verificar a importância do seu “Patrimônio Geomorfológico” na gestão e preservação desta Unidade de Conservação da Natureza bem como subsidiar a elaboração de seu Plano de Manejo. Para atingir o objetivo proposto adotou-se como procedimento metodológico o uso do Geoprocessamento com a organização de um banco de dados via Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) utilizando o software Sistema de Processamento de Informações Georreferenciadas (SPRING) e as imagens de satélites (Cbers e Landsat) e de radar Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), além de cartas topográficas, mapas e arquivos digitais. Também foram realizados diversos trabalhos de campo apoiados pelo uso de receptores do Sistema de Posicionamento Global (GPS). O estudo apresenta informações e organização de mapas temáticos sobre aspectos do clima, relevo, hidrografia, geologia, solos, geomorfologia e uso e ocupação da terra, além de uma descrição detalhada das feições geomorfológicas da área de pesquisa, com ênfase nos seus aspectos morfogenéticos, morfoestruturais e morfométricos. Os resultados demonstram que a abordagem geográfica e o Patrimônio Geomorfológico da área de pesquisa são de suma importância para o melhor entendimento do valor ecológicoambiental dos aspectos abióticos, e devem ser considerados na gestão e conservação ambiental da Estação Ecológica Serra Geral do Tocantins, bem como no fornecimento de subsídios a elaboração do seu Plano de Manejo. / This research consists of the geographic analysis emphasizing the Geomorphologic Heritage of the Ecological Station Serra Geral do Tocantins and surroundings, located between the eastern portion of Tocantins State and western portion of Bahia State, region that is known as Jalapão. Besides the geografic analysis, the main objective of the research is to chek the importance of its "Geomorphologic Heritage" in the management and preservation of Nature Conservation Unit as well as the elaboration of its Management Plan. To achieve the proposed objective a methodological procedure was adopted by using GIS with the organization of a database via Geographic Information System (GIS) using the System Georeferenced Information Processing software (SPRING) and the images of satellites (CBERS and Landsat) and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), besides topographic letters, maps and digital files. Many field works have also been performed by the use of receptors Global Positioning System (GPS). The study presents information and organization of thematic maps on climate aspects, topography, hydrology, geology, soils, geomorphology and the use and occupation of land, plus a detailed description of the geomorphological features of the area of research, emphasizing their morphogenetic aspects, morphostructural and morphometric. The results demonstrate that the geographical approach and the Geomorphological Heritage area of the research is very importance for a better understanding of the ecological and environmental aspects abiotic value, and should be considered in the management and conservation of the Estação Ecológica Serra Geral do Tocantins in addition to provide information to prepare its Management Plan.

The aim of the thesis was to analyze the selected project management company, including a review of the objectives of the strategy. Market environment has been investigated and followed the SWOT analysis, from which I draw the appropriate consequences. The result landed proposed solution in the form of an investment plan. The development of a Project Management Plan that defines the philosophy of the investment project, an integral part of the timetable for the progress of work and cost analysis jendotlivých divided into development phases of the project.