MSc dissertation - Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment / Waste electrolyte from fluorine cells is a major waste problem for the fluorine chemical industry. Processes have to be developed to reduce, recycle and re-use the spent electrolyte that has up to now been stockpiled. This dissertation is a compilation of the research work that has been done to derive a process to treat waste electrolyte for re-use. Different conversion processes were investigated to develop a Waste Management plan for the fluorine generating facility in respect of the electrolyte. Gravity settling, centrifuging, filtration, the addition of KF.HF to the to the electrolyte to decrease the HF concentration in the electrolyte and consequently decrease the solubility of Fe, Cu and Ni and addition of NaOH to the electrolyte to convert soluble Fe to the insoluble triple salt were tested. Gravity settling and centrifuging were shown to produce the best solution. However, significant sedimentation of the insoluble metal impurities in the electrolyte is timeously. The implementation of sedimentation as an industrial separation process to purify waste electrolyte of excess metal impurities is therefore impractical. The results indicated that sparging molten electrolyte with N2 gas to remove HF (thus precipitating soluble Fe, Cu and Ni, and removing moisture to reduce corrosion of metal components), followed by sediment centrifuging, appears to be a practical basis for an industrial waste electrolyte treatment process. During an assessment carried out by the Economics Trends Research Group (ETRG) (3) at the University of Cape Town a strong argument was made for the need to direct companies in South Africa to address environmental concerns with high priority. In South Africa there is very little awareness of the concept of Clean Technology. Not only must the level of contamination be reduced before waste is released into the environment, but natural resources like water must be conserved, and energy consumption must be reduced. Public concern over degradation of the environment can no longer be ignored. Globally, the chemical industries are considered to be the main culprits in the degradation of the environment. The assessment carried out by the ETRG showed that the chemical industries are classed among the top 5 generators of toxic and hazardous waste in every country. The metallurgical sector (mining) is in most cases classed as the top waste generator. Development and implementation of technologies that are more efficient are not a matter of choice any more. Each new facility that is developed should meet the challenge of generating as little waste as possible. Unfortunately, many old industries and facilities did not focus on increasing efficiency and minimising waste. These old facilities experience a challenge now to develop technology to make them part of this Cleaner Production and Technology era. Cleaner Production implies generating less effluent or waste and recycling waste to be used as raw material in the same or another facility. Cleaner Production also concentrates on the increase of efficiency but this is often limited by the chemical properties of substances. This research was based on the ideas for implementation of Cleaner Production in the fluorine generation facility at Necsa. Waste reduction almost always implies investment in equipment and development of new technologies. However there is ample evidence to show that the cost of rehabilitation of contaminated environment is exceedingly high in comparison with the precautionary steps taken to prevent contamination. Waste/Effluent Management have become new buzz words in the industrial environment.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:50:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ROSANGELA MENDANHA DA VEIGA - PARTE 1.pdf: 15620641 bytes, checksum: 5d52ffa5ca3a1f10d3bd59d5c8266066 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-29 / The civil construction is one of the human activities that cause more impacts to the environment. It produces significant alterations in the environment along all its productive chain, especially in its principal chain where occurs the generation of construction and demolition waste, which contributes effectively to the aggravation of the questions related to the environment. The construction and demolition waste is produced in a great volume and generally does not receive appropriate destination. At the same time there is a lack of municipal policies and management plans for this kind of waste. In January 02nd 2003 came into force the CONAMA Resolution number 307 of July 5th 2002 that establishes directives, criteria and proceedings for the construction and demolition waste management. It was waited that the private sector, and mainly the public one, would take the necessary measurements to carry out the mentioned resolution, however very little or hardly anything was carried out by the social actors involved in the question and by the Brazilian cities. In most of them the corrective management prevails, and this kind of waste needs its own management. Due to this situation, it was tried to identify municipal experiences, in accordance with the legislation and standards referring to the construction and demolition waste, which could show possible solutions. There were carried out two case studies, whose focus was detained to a different management of construction and demolition waste in the cities of Belo Horizonte, the most important experience in Brazil, and São José do Rio Preto, which, in a short time, following the steps of Belo Horizonte, became also a model and a reference. The present research is a contribution to supply subsidies for the preparation of public policies and plans related to the introduction of a different management of construction and demolition waste in the Brazilian cities. / A construção civil é uma das atividades humanas mais impactantes do ponto de vista ambiental. Produz significativas alterações no meio ambiente ao longo de toda sua cadeia produtiva, sendo que na sua cadeia principal ou de processos ocorre a geração de Resíduos de Construção e Demolição (RCD), o que contribui efetivamente para o agravamento das questões relacionadas ao saneamento ambiental. Além de ser gerado em grande volume, o RCD, geralmente, não recebe destinação adequada. Concomitantemente existe uma carência de políticas e planos municipais de gerenciamento para este resíduo. Em 02 de Janeiro de 2003 entrou em vigor a Resolução CONAMA 307 de 5 de julho de 2002 que estabelece diretrizes, critérios e procedimentos para a gestão dos resíduos da construção civil. Esperava-se que o setor privado e, principalmente, o público, tomassem as providências necessárias para cumprir a referida resolução, porém muito pouco ou quase nada foi realizado por parte dos atores sociais envolvidos na questão e dos municípios brasileiros. Na maioria deles prevalece a Gestão Corretiva, sendo que esse resíduo necessita de gerenciamento próprio. Diante deste quadro, buscou-se identificar experiências municipais, em conformidade com a legislação e normas referentes ao RCD, que pudessem nortear possíveis soluções. Assim, foram realizados dois Estudos de Casos Observacionais, cujo foco deteve-se na Gestão Diferenciada do RCD nas cidades de Belo Horizonte, considerada a experiência mais importante em Gestão Diferenciada do RCD no Brasil, e São José do Rio Preto que, seguindo os passos de Belo Horizonte, em pouco tempo tornou-se também um modelo e uma referência. A presente pesquisa é uma contribuição para fornecer subsídios para a elaboração de políticas públicas e planos correlatos para a implantação da Gestão Diferenciada do RCD nos municípios brasileiros.

O Parque Nacional do Jaú unidade de conservação de proteção integral protegida pelo SNUC (Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação da Natureza) localiza-se, aproximadamente, 200km a noroeste de Manaus e está inserido dentro dos limites territoriais dos municípios de Barcelos e Novo Airão, no estado do Amazonas. Sendo o maior Parque Nacional do Brasil com 2.272.000 hectares, cobrindo a segunda maior extensão de florestas tropicais úmidas contínuas do mundo na Amazônia, foi criado com o objetivo de proteger a bacia hidrográfica do Rio Negro, sua biodiversidade e seus recursos naturais. Reconhecido por paisagens notáveis e de beleza natural, por importantes processos ecológicos e biológicos relacionados à conservação da biodiversidade, e por ser detentor de importantes formações naturais relevantes tanto para a Ciência quanto à História da Humanidade, o PNJ foi selecionado como área de proteção do patrimônio natural da Humanidade pela Convenção da UNESCO (Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, Ciência e Cultura). No ano de 1993 é estabelecido um convênio de co-gestão do PNJ entre o IBAMA (Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis) e a Fundação Vitória Amazônica (FVA), responsável pela elaboração do Plano de Manejo do Parque, cuja adoção de uma postura de envolver os moradores no planejamento, nas ações de manejo, criando espaços de discussão e socialização de experiências, possibilitou a consolidação da UC, definindo, assim, normas para o acesso e utilização dos recursos naturais (previstos no SNUC) vinculadas às necessidades de sobrevivência da população tradicional residente no Parque. / The Parque Nacional do Jaú protected areas by SNUC (National System of Units of Nature Conservation) is located, approximately, 200km northwest of Manaus and it is within the territorial limits of the municipalities of Barcelos and Novo Airão in the state of Amazonas. Being the biggest National Park of Brazil with 2.272.000 hectares, covering the second largest extension of continuous humid tropical forests (rain forests) of the world in Amazônia, it was created in order to protect the watershed of Rio Negro, its biodiversity and its natural resources. It is recognized for outstanding landscapes and natural beauty, for important ecological and biological processes related to the conservation of biodiversity, and for being responsible for important natural formations relevant both for Science and for the History of Humanity, the PNJ (Parque Nacional do Jaú) was selected as a protection area of natural heritage of Humanity by the Convention of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). It is established in 1993 an agreement of management of PNJ between IBAMA (Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources) and Vitória Amazônica Foundation (FVA), responsible for the elaboration of the Park Management Plan, whose adoption of a posture to involve the dwellers in the planning, in the actions of management, creating spaces for discussion and socialization of experiences, enabled the consolidation of UC (protected area), defining this way, norms for access and use of natural resources (planned in the SNUC) linked to the needs of survival of the traditional population resident in the Park.

Desde há alguns anos vêm se tornado a cada vez mais evidentes, as consequências do crescimento da população mundial, da industrialização, e do consumismo que caracteriza nossa sociedade capitalista. Isto é, o aumento da produção de bens materiais, explorando as fontes de materia prima, e a geração descontrolada de resíduos, o que impacta negativamente o meio ambiente e representa riscos para a saúde humana. No contexto dessa problemática de saúde pública, destaca-se a produção de resíduos de serviços de saúde (RSS). Atualmente, é sabido que os resíduos gerados em estabelecimentos de saúde devem ter um gerenciamento especial e diferenciado, pois mesmo que existam resíduos que não apresentam periculosidade, também há determinadas categorias de resíduos potencialmente perigosos. A exposição humana a esses resíduos, perigosos pela sua composição química ou infectante, pode resultar em lesão ou doença. Diferente da realidade dos países desenvolvidos, no Panamá, o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos ainda se apresenta como um tema negligenciado e que, portanto, não está de acordo com as recomendações internacionais nem cumpre com a legislação vigente do país. Esta investigação visou conhecer a estrutura do gerenciamento dos RSS gerados no Hospital del Niño do Panamá, República do Panamá, com o objetivo de elaborar uma proposta de Plano de Gerenciamento de RSS para este hospital. Partindo do fato de que o Hospital del Niño (HN) é um hospital pediátrico de grande porte, localizado no Município do Panamá, área onde se concentram os principais recursos técnicos e financeiros do país; a futura aplicação do PGRSS tem potencial de repercutir nos demais municípios e cidades do país. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, baseando-se na observação de campo e entrevistas aos sujeitos selecionados no HN. Os sujeitos selecionados constituiram-se de 2 informantes-chave, responsáveis pelo gerenciamento dos RSS no HN, nos aspectos operacional e administrativo. A análise dos dados foi feita por meio do material obtido com a aplicação do instrumento I-RAT do Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD, 2009), incluindo registro fotográfico, anotações feitas em campo e entrevistas realizadas. Os resultados revelaram uma estrutura de gerenciamento de RSS que precisa e pode ser melhorada, e que o local de estudo não cumpre integralmente com as recomendações e exigências legais do país. Também permitiram adotar um modelo de PGRSS, utilizado no estado de São Paulo (COSTA, 2001) e adaptá-lo à realidade panamenha. A proposta do PGRSS resultante deste trabalho é uma ferramenta para o gerenciamento dos resíduos gerados pelo HN e demais estabelecimentos de saúde no Panamá. Este instrumento pode ser útil no sentido de colaborar para a segurança do trabalho, a saúde pública e a proteção do meio ambiente, contribuindo, assim, para uma melhor qualidade de vida / In recent years, it has become increasingly evident the consequences of world population growth, industrialization, and the excessive consumption that characterize our capitalist society. This is the increased production of material assets by exploring the sources of raw material, and uncontrolled waste generation, which impacts negatively the environment and represents risks to human health. In the context of this public health issue, we highlight the waste from health care services. Currently, it is known that the waste generated in healthcare facilities must have a special and differentiated management, this because, even though there are wastes which do not present hazardous characteristics, there are also certain categories of potentially hazardous waste. Human exposure to these hazardous wastes, because of their chemical or infective composition, may result in injury or illness. Different from the reality of developed countries, in Panama, the solid waste management still is presented as a neglected issue and therefore not in accordance with international recommendations nor complies with the current country legislation. This research aimed to getting to know the structure of medical waste management generated at the Hospital del Niño de Panama, Republic of Panama, with the main goal of developing a Medical Waste Management Plan proposal for this hospital. Based on the fact that the Hospital del Niño (HN) is a large scale pediatric hospital, located in the Panama Municipality area, where the main technical and financial resources of the country are concentrated; the future application of a Healthcare Waste Management Plan, may have the potential to positively influence the other municipalities and cities in the country. It is a descriptive research based on field observations and interviews with subjects chosen from the HN. The selected subjects were constituted by 2 key informers, responsible in the operational and administrative aspects, for managing the medical waste at the Hospital. Data analysis was performed with the collected information by the application of the United Nations Development Programmes instrument, the I-RAT (PNUD, 2009), including the photographic recording, the notes taken in field and the held interviews. The results revealed a medical waste management structure that needs and can be improved, and that the research location does not meet integrally with the recommendations and legal requirements of the country. They also allowed to adopt a Medical Waste Management Plan model, used in the state of São Paulo, BR (COSTA, 2001), and adapting it to the Panamanian reality. The proposed Medical Waste Management Plan resulting from this study is a tool for the management of waste generated by the HN and others health establishments over Panama. This tool can be useful to cooperate with occupational safety, public health and environmental protection, thus contributing to a better life quality

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:10:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felicissimo Barbosa de Souza.pdf: 1889177 bytes, checksum: 2d39f2b4e208053d7636bf32a98d6013 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-14 / The amount of solid waste discarded by the urban population increases every day, becoming a problem for city managers. A viable solution, that assists municipal management, is the collection of solid waste recycled by collectors in an organized way and direction of waste for recycling. In Parintins, the Association of Garbage Collectors in Parintins - ASCALPIN performs the work of collecting, sorting, baling and sale of recyclable solid waste collected by its members. However, the collectors of ASCALPIN have no knowledge of management both in relation to work organization and administration of the association. In order to change this situation, this thesis aims to propose a management plan for the garbage collectors association of Parintins - ASCALPIN. The methodology used the descriptive and as a means to field research, the technique of direct observation and interviews. As a result we obtained a current diagnosis of ASCALPIN, from which it was developed a management plan for the association. This plan contemplates from the organizing daily activities of scavengers to aspects related to infrastructure works where ASCALPIN / A quantidade de resíduos sólidos descartada pela população das cidades aumenta a cada dia, tornando-se um problema para os gestores municipais. Uma solução viável, que auxilia a gestão municipal, é a coleta dos resíduos sólidos recicláveis pelos catadores de forma organizada e o direcionamento desses resíduos para a reciclagem. Em Parintins, a Associação dos Catadores de Lixo de Parintins ASCALPIN realiza os trabalhos de coleta, seleção, enfardamento e venda dos resíduos sólidos recicláveis coletados por seus associados. Porém, os catadores da ASCALPIN não possuem conhecimento de gestão tanto com relação à organização do trabalho quanto a administração da associação. Visando mudar essa situação, essa dissertação tem como objetivo propor um plano de gestão para associação de catadores de lixo de Parintins ASCALPIN. Como metodologia utilizou-se a pesquisa descritiva e como meios a pesquisa de campo, a técnica de observação direta e entrevistas. Como resultados obteve-se um diagnóstico atual da ASCALPIN, a partir do qual foi desenvolvido um plano de gestão para a associação. Esse plano contempla desde a organização das tarefas diárias dos catadores até aspectos relativos à infraestrutura do local onde funciona a ASCALPIN

Desde há alguns anos vêm se tornado a cada vez mais evidentes, as consequências do crescimento da população mundial, da industrialização, e do consumismo que caracteriza nossa sociedade capitalista. Isto é, o aumento da produção de bens materiais, explorando as fontes de materia prima, e a geração descontrolada de resíduos, o que impacta negativamente o meio ambiente e representa riscos para a saúde humana. No contexto dessa problemática de saúde pública, destaca-se a produção de resíduos de serviços de saúde (RSS). Atualmente, é sabido que os resíduos gerados em estabelecimentos de saúde devem ter um gerenciamento especial e diferenciado, pois mesmo que existam resíduos que não apresentam periculosidade, também há determinadas categorias de resíduos potencialmente perigosos. A exposição humana a esses resíduos, perigosos pela sua composição química ou infectante, pode resultar em lesão ou doença. Diferente da realidade dos países desenvolvidos, no Panamá, o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos ainda se apresenta como um tema negligenciado e que, portanto, não está de acordo com as recomendações internacionais nem cumpre com a legislação vigente do país. Esta investigação visou conhecer a estrutura do gerenciamento dos RSS gerados no Hospital del Niño do Panamá, República do Panamá, com o objetivo de elaborar uma proposta de Plano de Gerenciamento de RSS para este hospital. Partindo do fato de que o Hospital del Niño (HN) é um hospital pediátrico de grande porte, localizado no Município do Panamá, área onde se concentram os principais recursos técnicos e financeiros do país; a futura aplicação do PGRSS tem potencial de repercutir nos demais municípios e cidades do país. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, baseando-se na observação de campo e entrevistas aos sujeitos selecionados no HN. Os sujeitos selecionados constituiram-se de 2 informantes-chave, responsáveis pelo gerenciamento dos RSS no HN, nos aspectos operacional e administrativo. A análise dos dados foi feita por meio do material obtido com a aplicação do instrumento I-RAT do Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD, 2009), incluindo registro fotográfico, anotações feitas em campo e entrevistas realizadas. Os resultados revelaram uma estrutura de gerenciamento de RSS que precisa e pode ser melhorada, e que o local de estudo não cumpre integralmente com as recomendações e exigências legais do país. Também permitiram adotar um modelo de PGRSS, utilizado no estado de São Paulo (COSTA, 2001) e adaptá-lo à realidade panamenha. A proposta do PGRSS resultante deste trabalho é uma ferramenta para o gerenciamento dos resíduos gerados pelo HN e demais estabelecimentos de saúde no Panamá. Este instrumento pode ser útil no sentido de colaborar para a segurança do trabalho, a saúde pública e a proteção do meio ambiente, contribuindo, assim, para uma melhor qualidade de vida / In recent years, it has become increasingly evident the consequences of world population growth, industrialization, and the excessive consumption that characterize our capitalist society. This is the increased production of material assets by exploring the sources of raw material, and uncontrolled waste generation, which impacts negatively the environment and represents risks to human health. In the context of this public health issue, we highlight the waste from health care services. Currently, it is known that the waste generated in healthcare facilities must have a special and differentiated management, this because, even though there are wastes which do not present hazardous characteristics, there are also certain categories of potentially hazardous waste. Human exposure to these hazardous wastes, because of their chemical or infective composition, may result in injury or illness. Different from the reality of developed countries, in Panama, the solid waste management still is presented as a neglected issue and therefore not in accordance with international recommendations nor complies with the current country legislation. This research aimed to getting to know the structure of medical waste management generated at the Hospital del Niño de Panama, Republic of Panama, with the main goal of developing a Medical Waste Management Plan proposal for this hospital. Based on the fact that the Hospital del Niño (HN) is a large scale pediatric hospital, located in the Panama Municipality area, where the main technical and financial resources of the country are concentrated; the future application of a Healthcare Waste Management Plan, may have the potential to positively influence the other municipalities and cities in the country. It is a descriptive research based on field observations and interviews with subjects chosen from the HN. The selected subjects were constituted by 2 key informers, responsible in the operational and administrative aspects, for managing the medical waste at the Hospital. Data analysis was performed with the collected information by the application of the United Nations Development Programmes instrument, the I-RAT (PNUD, 2009), including the photographic recording, the notes taken in field and the held interviews. The results revealed a medical waste management structure that needs and can be improved, and that the research location does not meet integrally with the recommendations and legal requirements of the country. They also allowed to adopt a Medical Waste Management Plan model, used in the state of São Paulo, BR (COSTA, 2001), and adapting it to the Panamanian reality. The proposed Medical Waste Management Plan resulting from this study is a tool for the management of waste generated by the HN and others health establishments over Panama. This tool can be useful to cooperate with occupational safety, public health and environmental protection, thus contributing to a better life quality

<p>The aim of this thesis is to establish a “förvaltningsplans” template to Fastighetskontoret in Vasteras city. Further general information about the mission was given at our first meeting with Rolf Haraldsson, who happened to be our mentor and works at Fastighetskontoret in Vasteras city.</p><p>We agreed that using the software Excel was the most appropriate way to establish the template, because Fastighetskontoret also make use of Excel in their internal system, and also because Excel has a more friendly user interface and it is more easier to use compared to other software that have complex templates.</p><p>One of the first things we did was to get in contact with different fastighetskontors around Sweden so that we could either take part of their “förvaltningsplaner” or get referred to other material that could have been used. But this turned out to be an unsuccessful strategy. However, by searching on internet, course literature and databases we got a successful result.</p><p>The most common headlines were included in the template and were later discussed with our mentor from Malardalen University, Sone Nydert. Mr. Nydert who gave us viewpoints and directions on how we should develop our work further.</p><p>Thereafter, we had continual meetings with the mentor in Fastighetskontoret in Vasteras stad, Rolf Haraldsson, so that we could discuss and adjust the templates in line with the headlines in order for the template to match the fastighetskontorets internal headlines.</p><p>The template was finally tested in frosundaskolan and turned out to be a successful work.</p>

Parks and protected areas are long-regarded as effective measures for conservation of biodiversity. More recently, they are also recognized as a means to provide social and economic benefits and indefinite ecological and environmental services, particularly to local communities. Historically, parks and protected areas have been managed through an exclusive model, whereby local communities are regarded as a threat to biodiversity preservation. More recently, this model is being replaced by an inclusive model which regards local communities as important stakeholders and partners in sustainable resource management. Like other developing countries of the world, Pakistan is switching to the inclusive model, mostly under the influence and pressure of the world community and external donors. This thesis focuses on the Ayubia National Park (ANP) in Pakistan. This park is managed by the provincial government of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province through the Wildlife Department. At the same time, the park falls within the jurisdiction of the Forest Department by virtue of its being located within reserve forest. Until 1996, the traditional exclusive conservation model was predominant. Under the influence of the European Union (EU) and IUCN – The World Conservation Union – the inclusive approach has been tested in the park since 1996. Accordingly, the first park management plan was prepared with the active collaboration of all local communities, the WWF-Pakistan, and the Forest and Wildlife Departments. The planning document was designed to promote co-management and incorporate the viewpoints of all the local communities in park management. Following termination of EU funding, the plan was implemented, but without active involvement of the local communities. Evidence presented in this thesis shows that, due to strict management in line with the traditional exclusive conservation model, park resources have improved to a certain extent. However, failure in implementing the mutually agreed planning document has resulted in local communities developing serious mistrust against the Wildlife Department. This thesis suggests that short-term improvements in park resources mask the persistent problems of poor governance in the study area. The thesis shows that marked differences between the Forest and Wildlife Departments, and between local communities and the concerned government agencies provide a poor foundation for long-term sustainable resource management. Thus ineffective governance lies at the heart of resource management problems within the park. The thesis recommends that in order to effectively address the current park-people conflicts a state-centric co-management model should be pursued. Such a hybrid model will have the strengths of both the exclusive and inclusive models. The thesis further presents a framework focusing on effective environmental governance, effective management and effective planning. Importantly, the thesis argues that for effective environmental governance to be realized, the management approach must be place-based and site-specific. Thus, the thesis recommends both micro and macro level environmental governance measures. Such measures can be undertaken through proper institutional reforms that are undertaken at three distinct levels: legislative reforms, educational reforms and organizational reforms.

In this study, a risk management methodology for the business development phase of a Turkish defense industry firm&rsquo / s projects is proposed. The proposed method is based on the contemporary risk management practices and offers the integration of risk management process on top of existing project management processes in the business development phase, besides being cost effective and applicable. The method suggests a format for a risk management plan with two new sections, results, and compliancy. Furthermore, the method suggests the development of risk response plans prior to the implementation of quantitative risk analysis contrary to the applications in the literature, in order to reduce the size and the complexity of data to be analyzed. The method proposed also benefits from software tools that are easy to use and compatible with the existing project management practices executed in the firm. The method also aims to lead the construction of necessary risk databases that are specific to projects of the firm. The method also discusses the risk management framework under the scope of organizational aspects and decisions. Furthermore, a sample project of the firm is evaluated both with the current method and with the proposed method in order to put forward the advantages of the proposed system over the existing risk management practices of the firm.

The aim of this thesis is to establish a “förvaltningsplans” template to Fastighetskontoret in Vasteras city. Further general information about the mission was given at our first meeting with Rolf Haraldsson, who happened to be our mentor and works at Fastighetskontoret in Vasteras city. We agreed that using the software Excel was the most appropriate way to establish the template, because Fastighetskontoret also make use of Excel in their internal system, and also because Excel has a more friendly user interface and it is more easier to use compared to other software that have complex templates. One of the first things we did was to get in contact with different fastighetskontors around Sweden so that we could either take part of their “förvaltningsplaner” or get referred to other material that could have been used. But this turned out to be an unsuccessful strategy. However, by searching on internet, course literature and databases we got a successful result. The most common headlines were included in the template and were later discussed with our mentor from Malardalen University, Sone Nydert. Mr. Nydert who gave us viewpoints and directions on how we should develop our work further. Thereafter, we had continual meetings with the mentor in Fastighetskontoret in Vasteras stad, Rolf Haraldsson, so that we could discuss and adjust the templates in line with the headlines in order for the template to match the fastighetskontorets internal headlines. The template was finally tested in frosundaskolan and turned out to be a successful work.