Studien behandlar avfallsproblemen i Palu och hur problemen har hanterats. Svenska aktörer som Biogassystems AB och SP Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut har genomfört revolutionerade projekt i staden Palu på ön Sulawesi, Indonesien. Utöver det växandeavfallsproblemen i Palu, så bor många människor på stadens soptipp under extremt dåliga förhållanden. För att få bukt med avfallsproblemen och hjälpa dessa människor till en bättre livssituation så har flera projekt genomförts av de svenska aktörerna. Bland annat har en biogasanläggning byggts på soptippen för att ta hand om den skadliga växthusgasen, metan. Anläggningen omvandlar metangasen till biogas som genererar ström till de nybyggda huslängorna som SP tillsammans med Palu kommun har uppfört. Dessa nybyggda huslängor har blivit nya hem för alla familjer på stadens soptipp, som tidigare bodde i skjul byggt på material från soptippen. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur svenska aktörer arbetar för att skapa hållbar utveckling genom teknologisk kunskapsöverföring i Indonesien. En lämplig metod för att analysera detta är intervjuer med de aktörer som är inblandade i projekten. Att intervjua de svenska aktörerna och Palu kommun har varit av betydelse främst för att få två perspektiv på projekten och stärka tillförlitligheten. Projekten i Palu har lyckats ge nya möjligheter för de människor som bor på soptippen. Deras livssituation och välmående har tydligt förbättrats, samt att barnen till familjerna som bor på soptippen har fått möjlighet att gå i skolan. / The study deals with the waste problem in Palu and how problems were handled. Swedish actors Biogas Systems and Swedish Technical Research Institute (SP) have implemented revolutionary project in the city of Palu on Sulawesi, Indonesia. In addition to the growing waste problem in Palu, so many people live in the city dump in extremely poor conditions. Too vercome the waste problem and help these people to a better life situation, several projects have been implemented by the Swedish actors. Among other things, a biogas plant has been built on a landfill to take care of the harmful greenhouse gas, methane. The plant converts methane to biogas which generate power to the newly built rows of houses that SP with Palu municipality has erected. These newly built rows of houses has become the new home for all families in the city dump, which previously lived in shacks built of materials from the landfill. The purpose of the study is to investigate how Swedish actors work to create sustainable development through technological knowledge in Indonesia. A suitable method to analyze this are interviews with the actors involved in the projects. Interviewing the Swedish actors and Palu municipality has been important mostly to get two perspectives on the projects and strengthen the reliability. Projects in Palu has managed to provide new opportunities for the people living at the dump. Their lives and well-being has clearly improved, and that the children of the families who live at the dump have had the opportunity to go to school.

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MSc dissertation - Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment / Waste electrolyte from fluorine cells is a major waste problem for the fluorine chemical industry. Processes have to be developed to reduce, recycle and re-use the spent electrolyte that has up to now been stockpiled. This dissertation is a compilation of the research work that has been done to derive a process to treat waste electrolyte for re-use. Different conversion processes were investigated to develop a Waste Management plan for the fluorine generating facility in respect of the electrolyte. Gravity settling, centrifuging, filtration, the addition of KF.HF to the to the electrolyte to decrease the HF concentration in the electrolyte and consequently decrease the solubility of Fe, Cu and Ni and addition of NaOH to the electrolyte to convert soluble Fe to the insoluble triple salt were tested. Gravity settling and centrifuging were shown to produce the best solution. However, significant sedimentation of the insoluble metal impurities in the electrolyte is timeously. The implementation of sedimentation as an industrial separation process to purify waste electrolyte of excess metal impurities is therefore impractical. The results indicated that sparging molten electrolyte with N2 gas to remove HF (thus precipitating soluble Fe, Cu and Ni, and removing moisture to reduce corrosion of metal components), followed by sediment centrifuging, appears to be a practical basis for an industrial waste electrolyte treatment process. During an assessment carried out by the Economics Trends Research Group (ETRG) (3) at the University of Cape Town a strong argument was made for the need to direct companies in South Africa to address environmental concerns with high priority. In South Africa there is very little awareness of the concept of Clean Technology. Not only must the level of contamination be reduced before waste is released into the environment, but natural resources like water must be conserved, and energy consumption must be reduced. Public concern over degradation of the environment can no longer be ignored. Globally, the chemical industries are considered to be the main culprits in the degradation of the environment. The assessment carried out by the ETRG showed that the chemical industries are classed among the top 5 generators of toxic and hazardous waste in every country. The metallurgical sector (mining) is in most cases classed as the top waste generator. Development and implementation of technologies that are more efficient are not a matter of choice any more. Each new facility that is developed should meet the challenge of generating as little waste as possible. Unfortunately, many old industries and facilities did not focus on increasing efficiency and minimising waste. These old facilities experience a challenge now to develop technology to make them part of this Cleaner Production and Technology era. Cleaner Production implies generating less effluent or waste and recycling waste to be used as raw material in the same or another facility. Cleaner Production also concentrates on the increase of efficiency but this is often limited by the chemical properties of substances. This research was based on the ideas for implementation of Cleaner Production in the fluorine generation facility at Necsa. Waste reduction almost always implies investment in equipment and development of new technologies. However there is ample evidence to show that the cost of rehabilitation of contaminated environment is exceedingly high in comparison with the precautionary steps taken to prevent contamination. Waste/Effluent Management have become new buzz words in the industrial environment.

Sammanfattning Medvetenheten kring miljöfrågor har i samhället växt sig stark, men fortfarande påverkas klimatet i stor utsträckning. Dessvärre finns det flera aspekter som påverkar att företag och människor inte har möjlighet att agera utefter vad som är bäst för klimatet. I uppsatsen utgår det teoretiska materialet från byggbranschen, då branschen tillför en tredjedel av Sveriges totala avfallsmängd. Ämnet cirkulär ekonomi har genom åren blivit mer aktuellt inom såväl politik, EU och företag. Arbetet med cirkulära ekonomi kan minska miljöpåverkan genom att sluta kretsloppet och minska resursanvändningen. Uppsatsen identifierar de utmaningar och drivkrafter som aktörerna inom byggbranschen ser med cirkulär ekonomi. Det empiriska materialet utgörs av lokala företag. Utöver utmaningarna och drivkrafterna studeras en intressant gren som ännu inte är speciellt utforskad. Det handlar om hållbar design, som är en del av den cirkulära ekonomin, och hur denna del kan minimera avfallsmängden genom att sluta kretsloppet. Syfte Syftet med uppsatsen är att belysa ämnet kring cirkulär ekonomi, genom att analysera drivkrafterna och utmaningarna som aktörerna upplever. Dessutom studeras hur hållbar design kan minska avfallsmängden inom byggbranschen. Metod En intervjustudie har genomförts med kvalitativ karaktär. Genom sex semistrukturerade intervjuer har det empiriska materialet samlats in digitalt samt på arbetsplatser. Empirin grundas på respondenternas kunskap och erfarenheter, och har varit relevant för att besvara forskningsfrågorna. / Abstract The awareness of environmental issues has increased a lot in society, but the climate is still affected to a large extent. Unfortunately, there are several aspects that affect that companies and people do not have the opportunity to act according to what is best for the climate. In the study, the theoretical material is based on the construction industry, since the industry contributes a third of Sweden's total amount of waste. Over the years, the subject of circular economy has become more current within politics, the EU and companies. Working with circular economy can reduce the environmental impact by closing the cycle and reducing the use of resources. The study identifies the challenges and driving forces that the actors in the construction industry experience with circular economy. The empirical material consists of local companies. In addition to the challenges and driving forces, an interesting section is studied that has not yet been particularly explored. It is sustainable design, which is a section in the circular economy, and the study analyzes how this section can minimize the amount of waste by closing the loop. Purpose The purpose of the study is to illuminate the topic of circular economy, by analyzing the driving forces and challenges experienced by the actors. In addition, how sustainable design can reduce the amount of waste in the construction industry is studied. Methodology An interview study has been conducted with qualitative character. Through six semistructured interviews, the empirical material has been collected digitally and at workplaces. The empirical data is based on the respondent’s knowledge and experience and has been relevant to answer the research questions.