Esta dissertação propõe o estudo de um sistema de levantamento de dados e informações do chão de fábrica, baseando-se em conceitos de MES (Manufacturing Execution System) e em tecnologias de comunicação em rede de campo. Este sistema é capaz de garantir ações de monitoramento no chão de fábrica, como na comunicação de informações a diferentes áreas de uma corporação, integrando-se como um sub-sistema a um sistema de gestão integrado (Enterprise Resource Planning - ERP). Este sistema de levantamento de informações do chão de fábrica será integrado utilizando padrões de comunicação entre dispositivos e máquinas no ambiente industrial (I/O Bus) e módulos de software de monitoramento. Neste trabalho, o desafio adotado para ilustrar a tecnologia proposta envolve a integração de uma bancada que simula uma célula automática, constituída de atuadores e sensores controlados, por um controlador lógico programável (CLP), a sua integração a um software supervisório de processo e a geração de informações e sua disponibilidade para uma área de gerência corporativa. / This text considers the study of a data-collection and information system of shop-floor of a simulated industrial plant, based on concepts of MES (Manufacturing Execution System) and on technologies of communication in field bus. This system is capable to guarantee action of supervision of the industrial shop-floor, as in the communication of information the different areas of a corporation, combining itself as a subsystem to a major integrated system of management (ERP). This system of survey of shop-floor information will be integrated using standards of communication between devices and machines in the industrial environment (I/O Bus) and modules of supervision software (SCADA). In this work, the adopted challenge to illustrate the technology proposal involves the integration of an automatic cell, which consists the experiment environment, consisting of sensors and controlled actuators, for programmable logical controller (PLC), its integration to supervisory software of process and the generation of information and its availability for an area of corporative management.

Esta dissertação propõe o estudo de um sistema de levantamento de dados e informações do chão de fábrica, baseando-se em conceitos de MES (Manufacturing Execution System) e em tecnologias de comunicação em rede de campo. Este sistema é capaz de garantir ações de monitoramento no chão de fábrica, como na comunicação de informações a diferentes áreas de uma corporação, integrando-se como um sub-sistema a um sistema de gestão integrado (Enterprise Resource Planning - ERP). Este sistema de levantamento de informações do chão de fábrica será integrado utilizando padrões de comunicação entre dispositivos e máquinas no ambiente industrial (I/O Bus) e módulos de software de monitoramento. Neste trabalho, o desafio adotado para ilustrar a tecnologia proposta envolve a integração de uma bancada que simula uma célula automática, constituída de atuadores e sensores controlados, por um controlador lógico programável (CLP), a sua integração a um software supervisório de processo e a geração de informações e sua disponibilidade para uma área de gerência corporativa. / This text considers the study of a data-collection and information system of shop-floor of a simulated industrial plant, based on concepts of MES (Manufacturing Execution System) and on technologies of communication in field bus. This system is capable to guarantee action of supervision of the industrial shop-floor, as in the communication of information the different areas of a corporation, combining itself as a subsystem to a major integrated system of management (ERP). This system of survey of shop-floor information will be integrated using standards of communication between devices and machines in the industrial environment (I/O Bus) and modules of supervision software (SCADA). In this work, the adopted challenge to illustrate the technology proposal involves the integration of an automatic cell, which consists the experiment environment, consisting of sensors and controlled actuators, for programmable logical controller (PLC), its integration to supervisory software of process and the generation of information and its availability for an area of corporative management.

Os avanços tecnológicos no setor de Tecnologia de Informações (TI) têm revolucionando a relação entre pessoas e o mundo dos negócios através da conectividade. Esta conectividade agora avança para comunicação entre coisas, dotadas de capacidade de processamento, através daquilo que é chamado de Internet das Coisas (IoT). A IoT avança também na área de manufatura, incluindo máquinas, dispositivos, sensores e o próprio produto em processamento, possibilitando uma comunicação autônoma entre máquinas (M2M), produtos e sistemas. Conectada através da internet, esta comunicação não se limita apenas à fábrica, mas integra toda a cadeia produtiva através de redes colaborativas. É neste contexto que se desenha a mudança radical de paradigma para o conceito de Indústria 4.0 (I4.0). Diante desta mudança, os atores que participam da Cadeia de Fornecimento de Sistemas para Automação da Manufatura (CFSAM) também precisam rever suas estratégias e estar atentos às novas oportunidades e ameaças que surgem neste novo cenário. O objetivo deste estudo é compreender, do ponto de vista de gestão, a reação das indústrias de manufatura no Brasil aos paradigmas da I4.0, e os potenciais impactos e oportunidades que a I4.0 traz para estes atores. Este trabalho mostra, através de Estudo de Múltiplos Casos em onze empresas brasileiras, a reação a esta mudança na automação da manufatura e analisa os potenciais impactos e oportunidades para estes atores. A escolha das unidades de estudo foi feita por conveniência e focada principalmente no grupo de provedores de tecnologia e infraestrutura para a implantação da plataforma I4.0. O resultado deste estudo revelou que há uma baixa compreensão do que realmente é a I4.0 entre as empresas de manufatura no Brasil e que ainda estão pouco engajadas na implantação prática dos conceitos da I4.0, adotando uma estratégia de seguidores de tecnologia. A contribuição deste trabalho inclui o esclarecimento do que realmente é a I4.0 fazendo distinção entre conceitos básicos da I4.0 e suas possibilidades tecnológicas. Inclui ainda a identificação das principais reações ao paradigma I4.0 e a análise de oportunidades para os atores da CFSAM com base nas mesmas. O estudo conclui que apesar da I4.0 não dispor comercialmente da padronização das duas tecnologias básicas (arquitetura orientada a serviços e semântica), que não permitem o aproveitamento pleno de suas potencialidades ao longo de todas as camadas da ISA-95, os conceitos já estão sendo praticados parcial e gradativamente e estão mais avançados nas atividades de negócios. / Advances in Information Technology (IT) have revolutionized the relationship between people and the business world through connectivity. This connectivity now advances to communication between things, endowed with processing capacity, through the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT also advances in the manufacturing industry, including machines, devices, sensors and the product in process, enabling autonomous communication between machines (M2M), products and systems. This communication of things through internet is not limited to the factory, but integrates the entire production chain through collaborative networks. It is in this context that the radical paradigm shift is devised for the concept of Industry 4.0 (I4.0). Facing this change, actors in the Manufacturing Automation Systems Supply Chain (CFSAM) also need to review their strategies and be aware of the new opportunities and threats that arise in this new scenario. The objective of this study is to understand, from the management point of view, the reaction of the manufacturing industries in Brazil to the paradigms of I4.0, and the potential impacts and opportunities that I4.0 brings to these actors. This work shows, through a Multiple Case Study, in eleven Brazilian companies, the reaction to this change in manufacturing automation and analyzes the potential impacts and opportunities for these actors. The study units were chosen purposefully and focused mainly on the group of technology and infrastructure providers for the implementation of the I4.0 platform. The result of this study revealed that there is a poor understanding of what is really the I4.0 among manufacturing companies in Brazil and that they are still little engaged in the practical implementation of the concepts of I4.0, adopting a strategy of technology followers. The contribution of this work includes the clarification of what really I4.0 is, distinguishing between basic concepts of I4.0 and its technological possibilities. It also includes the identification of the main reactions to the I4.0 paradigm and the analysis of opportunities for CFSAM actors based on them. The study concludes that although I4.0 does not commercially dispose of the standardization of the two basic technologies (service oriented architecture and semantics), which do not allow the full use of its potentialities across all ISA-95 layers, concepts already are being practiced partially and gradually, and are more advanced in the upper business layers.

Os avanços tecnológicos no setor de Tecnologia de Informações (TI) têm revolucionando a relação entre pessoas e o mundo dos negócios através da conectividade. Esta conectividade agora avança para comunicação entre coisas, dotadas de capacidade de processamento, através daquilo que é chamado de Internet das Coisas (IoT). A IoT avança também na área de manufatura, incluindo máquinas, dispositivos, sensores e o próprio produto em processamento, possibilitando uma comunicação autônoma entre máquinas (M2M), produtos e sistemas. Conectada através da internet, esta comunicação não se limita apenas à fábrica, mas integra toda a cadeia produtiva através de redes colaborativas. É neste contexto que se desenha a mudança radical de paradigma para o conceito de Indústria 4.0 (I4.0). Diante desta mudança, os atores que participam da Cadeia de Fornecimento de Sistemas para Automação da Manufatura (CFSAM) também precisam rever suas estratégias e estar atentos às novas oportunidades e ameaças que surgem neste novo cenário. O objetivo deste estudo é compreender, do ponto de vista de gestão, a reação das indústrias de manufatura no Brasil aos paradigmas da I4.0, e os potenciais impactos e oportunidades que a I4.0 traz para estes atores. Este trabalho mostra, através de Estudo de Múltiplos Casos em onze empresas brasileiras, a reação a esta mudança na automação da manufatura e analisa os potenciais impactos e oportunidades para estes atores. A escolha das unidades de estudo foi feita por conveniência e focada principalmente no grupo de provedores de tecnologia e infraestrutura para a implantação da plataforma I4.0. O resultado deste estudo revelou que há uma baixa compreensão do que realmente é a I4.0 entre as empresas de manufatura no Brasil e que ainda estão pouco engajadas na implantação prática dos conceitos da I4.0, adotando uma estratégia de seguidores de tecnologia. A contribuição deste trabalho inclui o esclarecimento do que realmente é a I4.0 fazendo distinção entre conceitos básicos da I4.0 e suas possibilidades tecnológicas. Inclui ainda a identificação das principais reações ao paradigma I4.0 e a análise de oportunidades para os atores da CFSAM com base nas mesmas. O estudo conclui que apesar da I4.0 não dispor comercialmente da padronização das duas tecnologias básicas (arquitetura orientada a serviços e semântica), que não permitem o aproveitamento pleno de suas potencialidades ao longo de todas as camadas da ISA-95, os conceitos já estão sendo praticados parcial e gradativamente e estão mais avançados nas atividades de negócios. / Advances in Information Technology (IT) have revolutionized the relationship between people and the business world through connectivity. This connectivity now advances to communication between things, endowed with processing capacity, through the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT also advances in the manufacturing industry, including machines, devices, sensors and the product in process, enabling autonomous communication between machines (M2M), products and systems. This communication of things through internet is not limited to the factory, but integrates the entire production chain through collaborative networks. It is in this context that the radical paradigm shift is devised for the concept of Industry 4.0 (I4.0). Facing this change, actors in the Manufacturing Automation Systems Supply Chain (CFSAM) also need to review their strategies and be aware of the new opportunities and threats that arise in this new scenario. The objective of this study is to understand, from the management point of view, the reaction of the manufacturing industries in Brazil to the paradigms of I4.0, and the potential impacts and opportunities that I4.0 brings to these actors. This work shows, through a Multiple Case Study, in eleven Brazilian companies, the reaction to this change in manufacturing automation and analyzes the potential impacts and opportunities for these actors. The study units were chosen purposefully and focused mainly on the group of technology and infrastructure providers for the implementation of the I4.0 platform. The result of this study revealed that there is a poor understanding of what is really the I4.0 among manufacturing companies in Brazil and that they are still little engaged in the practical implementation of the concepts of I4.0, adopting a strategy of technology followers. The contribution of this work includes the clarification of what really I4.0 is, distinguishing between basic concepts of I4.0 and its technological possibilities. It also includes the identification of the main reactions to the I4.0 paradigm and the analysis of opportunities for CFSAM actors based on them. The study concludes that although I4.0 does not commercially dispose of the standardization of the two basic technologies (service oriented architecture and semantics), which do not allow the full use of its potentialities across all ISA-95 layers, concepts already are being practiced partially and gradually, and are more advanced in the upper business layers.

<p>The Small and Medium-size Enterprises are the key bone of the economy of many nations. The usual definition of SME’s, make up 99.8% of the approximately 19 million enterprises of the European Union (ISO, 2002) and Sweden is not an exception. That is why SME’s faces the strategic challenge of achieving sustained profitable growth. To meet this challenge, SME’s must develop capabilities to integrate their systems. Since ICT gives so many advantages to support the Supply Chain, and MRPII software’s have become a very popular tool in the last thirty years; Our purpose is to answer the following research question:</p><p>How can MRP II-type computer systems be used effectively to support the manufacturing and organizational integration?</p><p>The research started with on-site observations and interviews but the development of a model and a survey was needed. After, we linked the research with an already accepted model. The results show how important the human aspect and the accuracy are in the effective usage of an MRP II. It also demonstrates that the MRP II philosophy must be accepted to use the MRP II software profitably. Nevertheless, we modeled the vicious cycle that our case company might deal with, tried to find the root cause and give recommendations to break it.</p> / <p>Små och Mellan- stora företag är många nationers byggstenar. Den vanligaste definitionen av SME´s utgör 99,8% av de uppskattningsvis 19 miljoner företag inom Europeiska Unionen (ISO, 2002) och Sverige är inget undantag. Det är anledningen till att SME´s möter den strategiska utmaningen att uppnå ihållande och vinstgivande tillväxt. För att ta sig an denna utmaningen måste SME´s utveckla förmågor att integrera sina system. Eftersom ICT ger så många fördelar att stödja utbudskedjan, och eftersom MRP II mjukvaror har kommit att bli ett populärt verktyg de senaste trettio åren, kommer vårt syfte bli att svara på följande fråga:</p><p>Hur kan datasystem av typen MRP II användas för att på ett effektivt sätt underlätta integrering av tillverkning och organisation?</p><p>Undersökningen startade med observationer samt intervjuer på plats, men utförandet av en statistisk undersökning och en modell var nödvändig efter det att vi redan hade kopplat ihop arbetet med en redan accepterad modell. Reasultaten visar hur viktig den mänskliga faktorn samt exaktheten är i användandet av en MRP II. Den visar också att MRP II filosofin måste vara accepterad innan man kan använda MRP II mjukvaran på ett fördelaktigt sätt. Likväl har vi illustrerat den onda cirkeln som vårt företag måste försöka ta sig ur, försökt hitta den underliggande orsaken och slutligen att ge rekommendationer för att bryta den.</p>

<p>The Small and Medium-size Enterprises are the key bone of the economy of many nations. The usual definition of SME’s, make up 99.8% of the approximately 19 million enterprises of the European Union (ISO, 2002) and Sweden is not an exception. That is why SME’s faces the strategic challenge of achieving sustained profitable growth. To meet this challenge, SME’s must develop capabilities to integrate their systems. Since ICT gives so many advantages to support the Supply Chain, and MRPII software’s have become a very popular tool in the last thirty years; Our purpose is to answer the following research question:</p><p>How can MRP II-type computer systems be used effectively to support the manufacturing and organizational integration?</p><p>The research started with on-site observations and interviews but the development of a model and a survey was needed. After, we linked the research with an already accepted model. The results show how important the human aspect and the accuracy are in the effective usage of an MRP II. It also demonstrates that the MRP II philosophy must be accepted to use the MRP II software profitably. Nevertheless, we modeled the vicious cycle that our case company might deal with, tried to find the root cause and give recommendations to break it.</p> / <p>Små och Mellan- stora företag är många nationers byggstenar. Den vanligaste definitionen av SME´s utgör 99,8% av de uppskattningsvis 19 miljoner företag inom Europeiska Unionen (ISO, 2002) och Sverige är inget undantag. Det är anledningen till att SME´s möter den strategiska utmaningen att uppnå ihållande och vinstgivande tillväxt. För att ta sig an denna utmaningen måste SME´s utveckla förmågor att integrera sina system. Eftersom ICT ger så många fördelar att stödja utbudskedjan, och eftersom MRP II mjukvaror har kommit att bli ett populärt verktyg de senaste trettio åren, kommer vårt syfte bli att svara på följande fråga:</p><p>Hur kan datasystem av typen MRP II användas för att på ett effektivt sätt underlätta integrering av tillverkning och organisation?</p><p>Undersökningen startade med observationer samt intervjuer på plats, men utförandet av en statistisk undersökning och en modell var nödvändig efter det att vi redan hade kopplat ihop arbetet med en redan accepterad modell. Reasultaten visar hur viktig den mänskliga faktorn samt exaktheten är i användandet av en MRP II. Den visar också att MRP II filosofin måste vara accepterad innan man kan använda MRP II mjukvaran på ett fördelaktigt sätt. Likväl har vi illustrerat den onda cirkeln som vårt företag måste försöka ta sig ur, försökt hitta den underliggande orsaken och slutligen att ge rekommendationer för att bryta den.</p>

The Small and Medium-size Enterprises are the key bone of the economy of many nations. The usual definition of SME’s, make up 99.8% of the approximately 19 million enterprises of the European Union (ISO, 2002) and Sweden is not an exception. That is why SME’s faces the strategic challenge of achieving sustained profitable growth. To meet this challenge, SME’s must develop capabilities to integrate their systems. Since ICT gives so many advantages to support the Supply Chain, and MRPII software’s have become a very popular tool in the last thirty years; Our purpose is to answer the following research question: How can MRP II-type computer systems be used effectively to support the manufacturing and organizational integration? The research started with on-site observations and interviews but the development of a model and a survey was needed. After, we linked the research with an already accepted model. The results show how important the human aspect and the accuracy are in the effective usage of an MRP II. It also demonstrates that the MRP II philosophy must be accepted to use the MRP II software profitably. Nevertheless, we modeled the vicious cycle that our case company might deal with, tried to find the root cause and give recommendations to break it. / Små och Mellan- stora företag är många nationers byggstenar. Den vanligaste definitionen av SME´s utgör 99,8% av de uppskattningsvis 19 miljoner företag inom Europeiska Unionen (ISO, 2002) och Sverige är inget undantag. Det är anledningen till att SME´s möter den strategiska utmaningen att uppnå ihållande och vinstgivande tillväxt. För att ta sig an denna utmaningen måste SME´s utveckla förmågor att integrera sina system. Eftersom ICT ger så många fördelar att stödja utbudskedjan, och eftersom MRP II mjukvaror har kommit att bli ett populärt verktyg de senaste trettio åren, kommer vårt syfte bli att svara på följande fråga: Hur kan datasystem av typen MRP II användas för att på ett effektivt sätt underlätta integrering av tillverkning och organisation? Undersökningen startade med observationer samt intervjuer på plats, men utförandet av en statistisk undersökning och en modell var nödvändig efter det att vi redan hade kopplat ihop arbetet med en redan accepterad modell. Reasultaten visar hur viktig den mänskliga faktorn samt exaktheten är i användandet av en MRP II. Den visar också att MRP II filosofin måste vara accepterad innan man kan använda MRP II mjukvaran på ett fördelaktigt sätt. Likväl har vi illustrerat den onda cirkeln som vårt företag måste försöka ta sig ur, försökt hitta den underliggande orsaken och slutligen att ge rekommendationer för att bryta den.

The Small and Medium-size Enterprises are the key bone of the economy of many nations. The usual definition of SME’s, make up 99.8% of the approximately 19 million enterprises of the European Union (ISO, 2002) and Sweden is not an exception. That is why SME’s faces the strategic challenge of achieving sustained profitable growth. To meet this challenge, SME’s must develop capabilities to integrate their systems. Since ICT gives so many advantages to support the Supply Chain, and MRPII software’s have become a very popular tool in the last thirty years; Our purpose is to answer the following research question: How can MRP II-type computer systems be used effectively to support the manufacturing and organizational integration? The research started with on-site observations and interviews but the development of a model and a survey was needed. After, we linked the research with an already accepted model. The results show how important the human aspect and the accuracy are in the effective usage of an MRP II. It also demonstrates that the MRP II philosophy must be accepted to use the MRP II software profitably. Nevertheless, we modeled the vicious cycle that our case company might deal with, tried to find the root cause and give recommendations to break it. / Små och Mellan- stora företag är många nationers byggstenar. Den vanligaste definitionen av SME´s utgör 99,8% av de uppskattningsvis 19 miljoner företag inom Europeiska Unionen (ISO, 2002) och Sverige är inget undantag. Det är anledningen till att SME´s möter den strategiska utmaningen att uppnå ihållande och vinstgivande tillväxt. För att ta sig an denna utmaningen måste SME´s utveckla förmågor att integrera sina system. Eftersom ICT ger så många fördelar att stödja utbudskedjan, och eftersom MRP II mjukvaror har kommit att bli ett populärt verktyg de senaste trettio åren, kommer vårt syfte bli att svara på följande fråga: Hur kan datasystem av typen MRP II användas för att på ett effektivt sätt underlätta integrering av tillverkning och organisation? Undersökningen startade med observationer samt intervjuer på plats, men utförandet av en statistisk undersökning och en modell var nödvändig efter det att vi redan hade kopplat ihop arbetet med en redan accepterad modell. Reasultaten visar hur viktig den mänskliga faktorn samt exaktheten är i användandet av en MRP II. Den visar också att MRP II filosofin måste vara accepterad innan man kan använda MRP II mjukvaran på ett fördelaktigt sätt. Likväl har vi illustrerat den onda cirkeln som vårt företag måste försöka ta sig ur, försökt hitta den underliggande orsaken och slutligen att ge rekommendationer för att bryta den.

During the design phase, it creates and transforms ideas into products. It needs to know the manufacturing aspects for ensuring success and calculating the product cost while developing of designs. However, the choice one or another way of manufacturing, it will get slightly different results to the proposed design. The design teams require knowing some manufacturing alternatives for evaluate. This thesis has been proposed a select manufacturing process chain tool. The system modeled the design and manufacturing process data by select attributes and the process relationship. Moreover, the system uses “transformation concept” that represents the capability of each manufacturing process to modify a determinate design attribute. Finally, the system is developed as algorithm and build as part of a CAD platform. / Al llarg de la fase de disseny és on es creen les idees i es transformen en productes. La incorporació d’aspectes de fabricació en el desenvolupament dels dissenys permetrà assegurar-ne l’èxit i calcular-ne el cost. Tanmateix, l’elecció d’un o un altre camí de fabricació farà obtenir resultats lleugerament diferents al del disseny proposat. Fent que els equips de disseny precisin obtenir alternatives de fabricació durant la fase de disseny per a valorar les possibilitats. S’ha proposat, amb aquest tesis, una eina que estableix cadenes de processos de fabricació per a cada disseny. Per a desenvolupar-la s’ha modelitzat per mitja dels atributs la informació de disseny i la dels processos de fabricació, enriquit amb les relacions entre processos. S’ha completat l’obtenció de les cadenes amb l’ús del “concepte de transformada” que indica com pot alterar un procés un determinat atribut. Finalment s’ha desenvolupat un algoritme que combina ambdós parts i s’ha implementat com a part d’una plataforma CAD.

In the highly competitive transportation industry, one way to gain a competitive advantage is to ensure the customer needs are satisfied and tailored according to each customer’s need. Scania’s one of the core values is customers first and believes that the organization is successful only when its customers are successful. In order to achieve their goals, modularization is the key to tailoring the needs of each customer. Considering this factor, an ‘n’ number of variants are required in each module of the trucks and buses offered to the customer. This thesis focuses onthe high voltage cables i.e. VCB cables in Scania’s terms, the cable harnesses are considered as the human nerves and blood vessels for automobiles. Scania is set to produce the VCB cables in-house instead of buying them from the suppliers which is the current method. The thesis focuses on the challenges in change management for new components in-house manufacturing by design-manufacturing integration as a solution. A case study is conducted for the products of electric trucks and buses to understand the design manufacturing integrations. The thesis aims to identify gaps and find where the highest risk exists for deviations in today’s process in terms of design demands, product specification, and product preparation in the production of VCB cables. The case study is conducted, including a literature review and semi-structured qualitative interviews to understand the workflow of how the information is transferred between many cross-functional groups with different business areas such as research &amp; development (R&amp;D) and production. The thesis aims to understand what challenges Scania’s METP (Engineering and process, Battery &amp; VCB production) production group faces while going through a change of organizational structure and interpreting the information via engineering drawings between different stakeholders/groups. A conceptual framework is presented by emphasizing the communication between the R&amp;D groups and the production group by benchmarking the DMI practices for collaborative product development. Furthermore, suggestions for effective drawing methods and increasing the group dynamics between R&amp;D and production are discussed in the thesis. It is hoped that the thesis provides a guide to initiate the stated tasks in results to ensure a smooth production start-up. / I den mycket konkurrensutsatta transportbranschen är ett sätt att få en konkurrensfördel att säkerställa kundens behov genom att skräddarsy produkten efter varje kunds behov. En av Scanias kärnvärdena är “kunderna först” vilket Scania anser vara ett viktigt måtto, speciellt eftersom Scanias framgång bygger på kundens framgång. För att nå sina mål är modularisering nyckeln till framgång. För att lyckas med detta krävs ett "n" antal varianter i varje modul av de produkkter som erbjuds kunden. Detta examensarbete fokuserar på högspänningskablarna. Scania utforskar möjligheten att producera högspänningskablarna i egen regi istället för att köpa dem från leverantörerna, vilket är den nuvarande metoden. Avhandlingen fokuserar på utmaningarna inom förändringsarbetet som krävs för att impementera denna typ av förändring. En fallstudie genomfördes på elektriska lastbilar och bussar för att förstå integrationen av design och tillverkning på detaljerad nivå som tidgare inte hade behövts eftersom externa leverantör tog hand om detaljerna. Avhandlingen syftar till att identifiera luckor och hitta var den största risken finns för avvikelser i dagens process vad gäller designkrav, produktspecifikationer och produktförberedelser vid tillverkning av högspänningskablage. Fallstudien genomfördes, inklusive en litteraturgenomgång och semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer för att förstå arbetsflödet för hur informationen överförs mellan tvärfunktionella grupper. Dessa grupper har olika affärsområden såsom forskning &amp; utveckling (FoU) och produktion. Avhandlingen syftar till att förstå vilka utmaningar Scanias production team (Engineering and process, Battery &amp; VCB production) produktionsgrupp står inför samtidigt som de går igenom en förändring av organisationsstrukturen och tolkar informationen via tekniska ritningar mellan olika intressenter/grupper. Ett konceptuellt ramverk presenteras genom att betona kommunikationen mellan FoU-grupperna och produktionsgruppen genom att jämföra DMI:s praxis för samverkande produktutveckling. Vidare diskuteras förslag på effektiva metoder för teknisk ritning samt att öka gruppdynamiken mellan FoU och produktion. Förhoppningen är att avhandlingen ger en vägledning för att initiera de angivna målen för att säkerställa en smidig produktionsstart.