Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:44:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3248.pdf: 5070981 bytes, checksum: ca47a2adb4f587a927799c854c2943bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-26 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Adolescent pregnancy rate in Brazil is a public health problem. In general, research in the area of adolescent parenthood, and official data, are directed to motherhood in this phase with descriptive studies. Marital relationship in adolescence is a largely neglected theme, with lack of intervention research. Thus, the importance of the present study due to the lack of research in the area, the risks involved in adolescent pregnancy for the couple of teen parents and for child development, and the need to develop public policies. This research involved two studies. Study 1 was aimed at developing, implementing and evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention program for young couples, when at least one couple member had their first child during adolescence, and whose firstborn were less than seven years of age. The intervention seeked to improve marital and parental skills. Study 2 was aimed at replicating the intervention program for parents in Study 1, and evaluating it with adolescents parents whose children were in early infancy. Participants were referred by institutions of Sao José do Rio Preto area, São Paulo estate. Two couples of parents participated in the Study 1 and at least one had been an adolescent parent, with ages ranging from 24 - 30 years. In study 2, two couples of parents aged between 15 - 18 years participated. Schooling in the two studies ranged from incomplete Elementary School to incomplete High School. All participants had dropped out of school. Multiple measures were taken, with some instruments applied in three moments (pretest, posttest and follow-up), and records of self-reporting during the interventional procedure. In Study 1 the instruments and types of data collection used were: Parent Interview, Brazil Economic Classification Criterion, Marital Social Skills Inventory, Parental Styles Inventory, The Child Abuse Potential Inventory, Daily Record of Parental Satisfaction, Daily Record of Marital Satisfaction, A Field Diary, Final Interview and Followup Interview; and in Study 2: Parent Interview, Daily Record of Parental Satisfaction, Daily Record of Marital Satisfaction, Diary of Field, Final Interview and Follow-up Interview. Interventions were performed in the house of participants, lasting approximately three months with each couple. The intervention consisted primarily of interactive games directed to relevant skills training and instructions on the main themes of the study. The procedures was responsible for maximizing engagement and participation of couples. Results of the studies showed the effectiveness of intervention terms of improving parenting and marital skills expressed with an increase of scores of the instruments, as well as with their statements during the interventional procedure. Analysis of the satisfaction of participants in daily marital and parental roles indicated in several cases, a mutual influence between structures of autocorrelation and cross correlation parental and marital subsystems, at the beginning and end of the study, indicating could changes, tending to independent responses. It is hoped that this research contributes to the appropriateness of intervention programs that address parenting and marital relationship in adolescence, to stimulate significant protective factors and the resilience process. Prevention could occurs at various levels, including parents who had their children in adolescence and their children. Due to the fact that they are no longer adolescents, it does not mean they should be free from adolescent parenthood risks. Such issues should be reviewed by professionals of the area with development of public policies. / O índice brasileiro de gravidez na adolescência a torna um problema de saúde pública. Porém, destaca-se que, no geral, as pesquisas na área da parentalidade na adolescência e os índices oficiais são direcionados à maternidade nessa fase, com estudos de caráter descritivo. Já a conjugalidade na adolescência torna-se tema amplamente negligenciado, com ausência de pesquisas interventivas. Reintera-se a importância do presente estudo em virtude da ausência de pesquisas na área, dos riscos envolvidos na gestação na adolescência, tanto para o casal adolescente, como para o desenvolvimento infantil, bem como pela necessidade do desenvolvimento de políticas públicas. A presente pesquisa se desenvolveu por meio de dois estudos. O Estudo 1 teve como objetivo desenvolver, implementar e avaliar um programa direcionado a casais de jovens adultos em que pelo menos um membro do casal tivesse tido seu primeiro filho na adolescência e cujos primogênitos estivessem no final da primeira infância, sendo a intervenção focada no aprimoramento de habilidades parentais e conjugais. O Estudo 2 teve como objetivo replicar o programa de intervenção para pais elaborado no Estudo 1 e avaliá-lo com pais adolescentes cujos filhos estivessem no início da primeira infância. Os participantes foram encaminhados por instituições da área localizadas em São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo. Participaram do Estudo 1, dois casais de pais, sendo que pelo menos um deles fora pai na adolescência. As idades variaram de 24 a 30 anos. Participaram do Estudo 2, dois casais de pais adolescentes, com idades entre 15 a 18 anos. A escolaridade nos dois estudos variou de Ensino Fundamental Incompleto a Ensino Médio Incompleto, sendo que todos haviam evadidos da escola. Foram realizadas múltiplas medidas, sendo alguns instrumentos aplicados em três momentos (pré-teste, pós-teste e follow-up), e autoregistros de satisfação parental e conjugal ocorridos durante todo o processo interventivo. No Estudo 1 foram utilizados os instrumentos: Roteiro de Entrevista com Pais, Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil, Inventário de Habilidades Sociais Conjugais, Inventário de Estilos Parentais, Inventário de Potencial de Abuso Infantil, Registro Diário de Satisfação Parental, Registro Diário de Satisfação Conjugal, Diário de Campo, Entrevista Final e Entrevista Follow-up. E no Estudo 2: Roteiro de Entrevista com Pais, Registro Diário de Satisfação Parental, Registro Diário de Satisfação Conjugal, Diário de Campo, Entrevista Final e Entrevista Follow-up. As intervenções foram domiciliares, com duas horas semanais e por aproximadamente três meses com cada casal. Consistiu primordialmente em jogos interativos direcionados ao treinamento de habilidades pertinentes e instruções relativas aos principais temas do estudo. Destaca-se a adequação dos procedimentos do estudo, maximizando o engajamento e adesão. Os resultados, no geral, apontaram para o aprimoramento de habilidades parentais e conjugais dos participantes, expresso no desempenho nos instrumentos bem como por suas verbalizações ao longo do processo interventivo. A análise da satisfação diária dos participantes nos papéis conjugal e parental indicou, em vários casos, uma influência mútua entre os subsistemas parental e conjugal. Porém, a comparação das estruturas de autocorrelação e correlação cruzada, no início e no final do estudo, indicaram mudanças com tendência a respostas mais independentes. Esperase que a presente pesquisa contribua para a adequação de Programas de Intervenção que contemplem a parentalidade e conjugalidade na adolescência, visando estimular importantes fatores protetivos e o processo de resiliência. Estimula-se que a prevenção ocorra nos diferentes âmbitos, incluindo também, pais que tiveram seus filhos na adolescência e seus filhos, pois o fato de não serem mais adolescentes, não exclui os riscos inerentes da parentalidade adolescente. É necessário que tais temas sejam revistos pelos profissionais da área, com incremento de políticas públicas.

Au moment de l’élaboration du projet de la loi de la protection de la famille en 2007, il semblait exister un consensus général parmi les politiciens, les religieux, les universitaires et les activistes des droits de la femme, sur la nécessité de réformer les dispositions légales iraniennes concernant la famille. Pourtant, en dépit des attentes, la nouvelle L.P.F. a totalement maintenu la même structure de rapport entre les époux que celle qui avait été régie par les dispositions antérieures. Ces inégalités étant fondées sur le droit imamite, ont été justifiées depuis la fin des années 1960, par la théorie de non similitude exposée par Ayatollah Motahari. Selon la théorie de non similitude, du fait de leur différence de nature, l’homme et la femme ne peuvent pas avoir le même rôle : à la femme, le rôle de reproduction de la vie au sein de l’instance familiale, à l’homme la reproduction de la richesse afin de subvenir aux besoins de la famille. A travers l’étude des inégalités dans rapports personnels et patrimoniaux des époux, l’étude montre que cette division du travail n’assure pas une vie conjugale pacifique, digne et équilibrée. L’étude montre aussi que la protection matérielle de l’épouse dure uniquement durant la vie du mari. Par ailleurs, les mesures matérielles de protection théoriquement accordées à l’épouse, sont, en pratique, très difficiles à percevoir. En outre, cette compensation matérielle n’est pas suffisante pour réparer le dommage moral subi par celle-ci / At the time of drafting the family protection bill in 2007, there seemed to be a general consensus among politicians, religious, academics and women's rights activists on the need to revise the Iranian family law legislation. However, despite the anticipations, the new family protection law, has totally maintained the same structure of relation between the spouses as that which had been enacted in previous legislations. These inequalities, based on imamite law, have been justified since the end of the 1960s by the theory of non-similarity between man and woman, set forth by ayatollah Motahari. According to the theory of non-similarity, because of their difference in nature, men and women can not have the same tasks. To woman, the role of reproduction of life within the family; to man, the reproduction of wealth in order to provide for the needs of the family. But, the fact that several pecuniary relations between the spouses were affected by the new family protection law proves that from the point of view of the Iranian legislator, the balance which was supposed to dominate the relation between the spouses was disturbed. The study of inequalities in the personal and patrimonial relations of the spouses, the study shows that this division of task does not ensure a peaceful, dignified and balanced married life. The study also proves that the material protection of the wife lasts only during the life of the husband. On another note, the materiel protection measures that are theoretically granted to the wife, are practically very difficult to perceive. Furthermore, such material compensation is not sufficient to recompense for the non-pecuniary damage suffered by her

The migrant labour practice in South Africa played an important role in the country's development and economy. Although it has benefited many native migrant workers by creating job opportunities, it has had adverse effects on the families of migrant workers. The focus of this study is the phenomenon of migrant labouring and its effects on the family. A literature study has shown that migrant labourers, living in overcrowded city hostels, were subjected to exploitation, malnutrition and crime. The empirical study brought to light the many problems experienced by the families back home: Wives were overburdened by dual roles and responsibilities, lack of support and money, children's development was impeded and academic motivations and performance were low. The ultimate aim of this study was to design practical guidelines to help families cope with the effects of an absent father due to the migrant labour practice. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed.(Guidance and Counselling)

The migrant labour practice in South Africa played an important role in the country's development and economy. Although it has benefited many native migrant workers by creating job opportunities, it has had adverse effects on the families of migrant workers. The focus of this study is the phenomenon of migrant labouring and its effects on the family. A literature study has shown that migrant labourers, living in overcrowded city hostels, were subjected to exploitation, malnutrition and crime. The empirical study brought to light the many problems experienced by the families back home: Wives were overburdened by dual roles and responsibilities, lack of support and money, children's development was impeded and academic motivations and performance were low. The ultimate aim of this study was to design practical guidelines to help families cope with the effects of an absent father due to the migrant labour practice. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed.(Guidance and Counselling)