Spaceborne Remote Sensing, the observation of the features on ground from orbiting satellites is one of the expanding business areas of international space business, attracting the analysis of the markets and the growth patterns in the international arena. Whatever be the product/service, it is important for the market players to know the market characteristics to draw up marketing strategy and defining marketing mix, which becomes important for Remote Sensing services as well without an exception. The market for Remote Sensing data and services is influenced by a multitude of factors, which may seem unrelated at the outset. These may be Socio-Economic and Natural Resources related variables in addition to the expected product/market related variables. Hence the research work to model the market dynamics is taken up with the objectives of: 1)To identify factors influencing the market potential for Remote Sensing Data services 2)To model the relationship between these factors and the market potential 3)To validate and verify the model developed The analysis was carried out with 82 valid responses from respondents spread across 17 countries where Remote Sensing market is prevailing. A broad spectrum of economic, political, social, natural, and geographic variables believed to be influencing the Remote Sensing requirements were enumerated and validated through pilot study. Raw values for the variables were obtained from secondary sources and relative importance of these variables was determined through primary survey. The variables were synthesised into factors and captured into a regression model to arrive at the market potential index. This is statistically validated and also verified with market potential of a known country market, India. The analysis and results revealed that, market dynamics influencing market potential for Spaceborne Remote Sensing Data can be synthesised as the following three factors, explaining 80% of the variance in the market potential. (i)Politico Developmental factor-variables border related (Number of border countries, Border length, level of Border Disputes, Energy Production & Consumption, Economy and Information & Communication Infrastructure) (ii)Geo-Natural factor: represented by extent of Natural Resources, Energy Reserves etc. (iii)Market/Product related factor variables like product features, level of competition, availability of substitutes, current market position, and growth rate etc. The emergence of variables representing the developmental aspects on one side and political aspects on the other, as important factor is the outcome formally brought to recognition by the study. This is manifesting the growing importance of developmental activities and theatres of war as important additional market drivers in high and very-high resolution data services across the globe, in addition to the traditional applications like natural resources monitoring and management.

Digitization of business has evolved business strategies and models. Companies have found new ways of value creation and consequently innovated monetization. A prominent area where this can be seen is within platform services, which lacks business-to-business research. Knowledge contribution in this area is therefore warranted. Aim – This study aims to investigate pricing strategies and contextual challenges and opportunities regarding platform services in the spirits industry. To enable this, the following research questions have been formulated: 1) What are important market dynamics to consider when developing a platform service in the spirits industry? 2) How will these market dynamics affect the pricing strategy of a business-to-business platform service? Method – Considering that theory testing and theory generation are both parts of this study, the methodological approach is abductive. Regarding the data collection, a literature review was paired with a case study. Semi-structured interviews with senior executives from the focal industry provides the source of primary data for this study. Thereafter, a thematical analysis method was applied to help answer the research questions. Findings – From the thematical analysis, this study identified five market dynamics affecting pricing strategies of business-to-business platform services in the spirits industry. Namely, adaptability, legislative barriers, locking effects, individualization of business relations, and digitization.  Implications – This study contributes to the spirits industry and to business-to-business platform developers through the identification of market dynamics. Investigation into how pricing strategies of platform services are affected by the industry-specific market dynamics can contribute to strategic decision-making. In terms of theoretical significance, the aforementioned market dynamics add to the business-to-business discourse. Additionally, this study’s explorative nature is expected to pave the way for further research into business-to-business platforms, the spirits industry, market dynamics, and pricing strategy. Limitations – The work context is limited to digital platform services within the spirits industry. Moreover, albeit the literature review covers established theory regarding both business-to-consumer and business-to-business platform services, the empirical focus and consequently the ambition of the analysis is to generate new knowledge for the business-to-business environment specifically. Lastly, the interview respondents are limited to the case company’s network.

Le marché des systèmes photovoltaïques a connu une forte croissance cette dernière décennie soutenue par des actions politiques favorables dans un contexte de transition énergétique. Pourtant, malgré ces conditions bénéfiques, le marché mondial du PV a paradoxalement traversé une période chaotique rencontrant des problèmes de surproduction, une crise industrielle et des différends commerciaux durable entre pays. Cette thèse part de ces problématiques et tente de comprendre les politiques publiques PV et les impacts sur la dynamique des technologies et des marchés. Afin de préciser ces questions, une approche systémique est utilisée pour fournir une compréhension correcte des mécanismes généraux des politiques publiques PV. Une vue d’ensemble systémique concrète de ces mécanismes est construite sur la base d’analyses théoriques et historiques en définissant les variables clés et le contexte. Une analyse rétrospective utilisant des mappings construits pour l’occasion est conduite afin de cerner les limites et défis critiques du secteur PV ainsi que les facteurs de risque. Cette thèse montre également la façon dont la nature du contexte politique change en liaison avec la dynamique du secteur PV. La thèse met en évidence que la dynamique nationale a été brisée par l’entrée de la Chine sur le secteur PV. La thèse propose au final des orientations stratégiques pour le développement du PV selon deux dimensions, nationale et internationale. Au niveau national, la thèse s’intéresse à l’autoconsommation PV en tant que manière naturelle d’utiliser l’énergie PV dans le système électrique. Cette analyse implique un changement de nature des politiques PV dans le futur. Pour terminer, afin de résoudre la crise industrielle actuelle, la thèse présente des possibilités d’actions internationales en collaboration pour créer une nouvelle demande PV dans le contexte international en recherchant des bénéfices économiques et environnementaux au niveau mondial. / Solar PV systems have experienced strong market growth over the last decade supported by favorable political reactions in the energy transition context. However, despite these favorable conditions, paradoxically, the global PV market recently went through a chaotic time encountering the overproduction issue, the industry crisis and the long-lasting trade disputes. This thesis started from these problematics to understand the PV public policies and the impacts on dynamics of technology systems and markets. In order to define those issues, a systemic approach is taken to provide an accurate comprehension of the overall mechanisms of PV public policies. The concrete systemic vision of PV policy mechanisms is constructed based on theoretical and historical analysis by defining key variables and the context. A retrospective analysis using the proposed mapping tools is conducted to understand critical limits and challenges of PV development and to identify risks factors in the sector. This thesis also demonstrates how the nature of policy context changes in combined with the dynamic feature of the PV sector. Our analysis highlights the nationwide PV policy dynamics was broken with the arrival of China in the PV sector. This thesis eventually proposes strategic orientations of PV development at the two dimensions from both national and international perspectives. At the national level, this thesis discusses on PV self-consumption as the natural way of PV power use in the electricity system. This analysis implies a change in the nature of PV policies in the future. Next, as a response to the current global industry crisis, the thesis proposes opportunities of international collaborative actions to create new PV demand in the international context in pursuit of global economic and environmental benefits.

Transportations role in society is increasingly important and today it has a prominent role in business, citizens lives as well as in the world economy. The increasing globalization and urbanization puts significant pressure on the existing transport system, with increasing demand for high-speed travel. However, this comes with implications on the environment, and the environmental concerns constitutes one of the biggest pressures in transport. And as the contemporary modes are bound by their technologies, enabling marginal rather than radical improvements, a possible window of opportunity for new radical technologies to enter the market can emerge. One new technology emerging within transportation today is called hyperloop, a technology that could prove to meet demand for faster, cheaper, safer and more environmentally efficient transportation. However, the technology is still in an early stage of development and hence surrounded by major uncertainties. Further, the nature of the technology necessitates overcoming several obstacles before it can reach commercial practice. And this together with a limited knowledge of the concept in Sweden makes it difficult to predict if hyperloop can become a viable transport alternative on the Swedish market. Which condensed lays the foundation to the purpose of this paper: "To give an overarching understanding of the Swedish transport market dynamics, together with a comprehensive evaluation of the hyperloop concept. And hence contribute to more inclusive knowledge and understanding of hyperloop’s viability in the Swedish context." Since the phenomenon has not been comprehensively studied previously, the elected research design is that of an exploratory case study, with an inductive, qualitative approach. To address the purpose, a literary review of the theoretical field was conducted. Looking in to previous research on disruptive innovation, diffusion of innovations, technical transitions, transformational pressure as well as window of opportunity. The empirical material gathered during the research process was derived from two main channels. Firstly, an extensive review of scientific articles about the hyperloop technology was conducted, providing insights on the technology and its surroundings. This was complemented by qualitative interviews to obtain material on the dynamics of the Swedish transport market as well as for understanding hyperloop in the Swedish context. The empirical study was further accompanied by a review of news articles and websites to map the most recent progress in the hyperloop development. By analyzing the empirical material through three frameworks; Characteristics of Diffusion, the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) and Technology Readiness Level (TRL), interesting findings and conclusions were drawn. These together points towards that hyperloop, if the technology reaches its predicted performance, will have significant relative advantages and observable effects in the relation to the contemporary modes of transportation. Further, a noticeable window of opportunity, sprung from capacity shortages and pressure towards environmental sustainability, seems to exist on the Swedish market. A window which could be capitalized upon and justify hyperloop in the Swedish context. The current state of the technology does however come with implications as it so far is insufficient to decrease uncertainty amongst the potential adopters. Factors that likely will prolong the adoption of the technology in Sweden relates to the relative complexity of the system, its limited compatibility with existing practices and the low maturity of the technology. Hence, the hyperloop companies must prove the concept feasible and increase the maturity to gain sufficient acceptance and recognition. This paper contributes to the academic community by assessing the compatibility of hyperloop on the Swedish market, as well as if hyperloop could become a viable alternative transport solution in Sweden. It provides insight to specific perspectives of the Swedish market, its requirements and the demand for alternative transport solutions. Hence, this paper is considered to make both an analytical contribution in terms of evaluating the viability of disruptive technologies. And an empirical contribution by shedding light on new important insights for the potential diffusion of hyperloop. Insights that are significant for hyperloop actors as well as for dominant actors on the Swedish transport market. / Transporters roll i samhället blir allt viktigare och de har idag en framträdande roll inom näringsliv, medborgares liv samt världsekonomin. Den ökande globaliseringen och urbaniseringen sätter dock ett betydande tryck på det existerande transportsystemet, med ökande efterfrågan för höghastighetsalternativ. Detta medför implikationer för miljön, och oron kring transporters miljöpåverkan är ett av de största bekymren för transportsektorn. Eftersom de existerande transportalternativen är bundna av sin teknik, vilket begränsar dem till inkrementella snarare än radikala förbättringar, kan en möjlighet för nya transportsätt att komma in på marknaden öppna sig. En kommande ny teknik som utvecklas inom transport idag kallas hyperloop, en teknik som kan visa sig möta efterfrågan för snabbare, billigare, säkrare och mer miljösmarta transporter. Tekniken är dock i ett tidigt utvecklingsskede och är därav omgärdad av stora osäkerheter. Vidare kräver teknikens natur att flertalet hinder kommer att behöva överkommas innan tekniken kan nå kommersiellt bruk. Detta tillsammans med den begränsade kunskap som finns kring konceptet i Sverige gör det svårt att förutspå om hyperloop kan bli ett möjligt transportalternativ på den svenska marknaden. Kondenserat ligger detta till grund för syftet med den här uppsatsen: "Att ge en övergripande förståelse av dynamiken på den svenska transportmarknaden, tillsammans med en djupgående utvärdering av hyperloop konceptet. Och därav bidra till en mer inkluderande kunskap och förståelse kring hyperloops möjligheter i den svenska kontexten." Eftersom detta fenomen inte tidigare har studerats i större utsträckning valdes en forskningsdesign i form av en undersökande fallstudie med ett induktivt, kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt. För att adressera syftet gjordes en litterär översyn av det teoretiska fältet. Med inblickar i tidigare forskning kring disruptiv teknik, diffusion av innovation, tekniska övergångar, transformationstryck samt möjlighetsfönster. Det empiriska materialet till studien samlades in genom två kanaler i huvudsak. Först, genom en djupdykning i tidigare forskning och vetenskapliga artiklar relaterade till hyperlooptekniken, för att generera insikter kring tekniken och dess omgivning. Detta kompletteras med kvalitativa intervjuer för att erhålla material om dynamiken på den svenska transportmarknaden samt för att ge en förståelse av hyperloop i den svenska kontexten. Den empiriska studien kompletterades ytterligare med en översyn av nyhetsartiklar och webbplatser för att kartlägga de senaste framstegen i hyperlooputvecklingen. Genom att analysera det empiriska materialet med hjälp av tre ramverk; Egenskaper för Spridning av Innovation, Perspektiv i Multipla Nivåer (MLP) och Teknisk Mogenhetsnivå (TRL), kunde flertalet intressanta upptäckter och slutsatser dras. Vilka tillsammans pekar mot att hyperloop, om tekniken lyckas uppnå den predikterade prestandan, kommer att ha betydande relativa fördelar och synliga effekter i förhållande till dagens transportsätt. Vidare kan ett märkbart möjlighetsfönster, sprunget ur kapacitetsbrist och tryck mot miljömässig hållbarhet, identifieras på den svenska marknaden. Detta fönster skulle kunna kapitaliseras på och motivera hyperloop i den svenska kontexten. Teknologins nuvarande tillstånd har emellertid konsekvenser, eftersom den hittills inte är tillräcklig för att minska osäkerheten hos potentiella adopterare. Faktorer som sannolikt kommer att förlänga processen att adoptera tekniken i Sverige härstammar från systemets relativa komplexitet, dess begränsade kompatibilitet med befintliga metoder samt teknikens låga mogenhet. Därav är det essentiellt för hyperloopbolagen att bevisa konceptet möjligt och öka mogenheten för att få tillräcklig acceptans och erkännande. Detta arbete bidrar till det akademiska samhället genom att bedöma kompatibiliteten mellan hyperloop och den svenska marknaden, samt om hyperloop kan bli ett genomförbart transportalternativ i Sverige. Arbetet bidrar med insikter i specifika perspektiv på den svenska marknaden, dess krav samt efterfrågan för alternativa transportlösningar. Därav kan denna uppsats anses utgöra både ett analytiskt bidrag genom dess utvärdering av genomförbarheten av disruptiv teknik. Samt ett empiriskt bidrag genom att belysa viktiga insikter för den potentiella spridningen av hyperloop. Insikter som är viktiga för såväl hyperloopaktörer som de dominanta aktörerna på den svenska transportmarknaden.