I denna uppsats undersöks om akutmottagningarnas långa väntetider kan bero på att olämpliga teorier appliceras på vårdmarknaden. Det undersöks med en fallstudie av hälso- och sjukvården i Västra Götaland där vi har genomfört semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem anställda i kanslierna som ansvarar för att ge politikerna information till sjukvårdsbeslut och för att stödja politikerna i styrandet av hälso- och sjukvården. Det är en kvalitativ studie med en abduktiv ansats.Vår empiri indikerar att en stor orsak till akutmottagningarnas långa väntetider är att de har ett inflöde av patienter med relativt milda symptom som kunde ha omhändertagits inom primärvården. Förklaringar till det är att klienterna ofta har bristfällig kunskap om lämpliga vårdenheter och ofta antar att de får bättre vård på akutmottagningar än inom primärvården. Många av de patienter på akutmottagningarna som kommit till olämplig vårdenhet är äldre och kroniskt sjuka.Den här studien indikerar att olämpliga teorier har applicerats på Västra Götalands vårdmarknad. Inspirationen till vårdmarknaden tycks till stor del härstamma från traditionella nationalekonomiska teorier. Vi anser dock att de är olämpliga på Västra Götalands vårdmarknad på grund av bristande utbud, bristande konkurrens, irrationella klienter och risker för missgynnanden. Vi föreslår istället ett större fokus på sociologiska marknadsteorier.Den här studien begränsas av det relativt låga antalet intervjusubjekt. Vi har dock hittat tecken i vår empiri på ett samband mellan missgynnade klienter inom primärvården och det ökade inflödet till akutmottagningarna. Vår förhoppning är att detta kan bidra med uppslag till framtida, mer omfattande undersökningar. / This paper addresses long waiting times in Swedish emergency units by examining if appropriate theories are applied to the healthcare sector. This is examined with a case study of the healthcare sector in Västra Götaland County where we have conducted semi-structured interviews with five members of the staff responsible for providing the county’s politicians with information for healthcare decisions as well as supporting the politicians in managing the healthcare sector. It is a qualitative study with an abductive approach.The findings from our empirical research indicate that one major reason for the emergency units’ long waiting times is that they have an influx of patients with relatively mild illnesses that could have been handled in the primary care. Explanations for that are that clients often are ill-informed and often expect to get better care at emergency units than in the primary care. Many of the emergency units’ misplaced patients are elderly and chronically ill.This study indicates that inappropriate theories have been applied to the healthcare sector in Västra Götaland County. The inspiration for the healthcare sector seems to be from traditional economics to a large extent. We conclude, however, that traditional economics is inappropriate on the healthcare sector in Västra Götaland County because of the lacking supply, lacking competition, irrational clients and risk for disadvantages. Instead, we suggest a higher focus on sociological market theories.This study is limited by the relatively low amount of interview subjects. We have, however, found indications in our empirical material for a connection between disadvantaged clients in the primary care and the increased influx to the emergency units. We hope that this could provide ideas for future and more elaborate studies.This paper is written in Swedish.

Tiriamajame darbe nagrinėjama techninės analizės metodų pelningumas bei patikimumas, jų praktinė nauda ir veikimo principai mažesnėse akcijų biržose (Vilniaus, Rygos, Talino). Gautų rezultatų palyginimui į tyrimą įtraukiama S&P500 akcijų indeksas. Pagrindinis tyrimo tikslas išnagrinėti du techninės analizės metodus - Santykinio stiprumo indeksą ir Slankiųjų vidurkių metodą, praktiškai juos panaudojant aukščiau paminėtose akcijų biržose, ištirti generuojamų pirkimo – pardavimo signalų patikimumą. Fundamentalios analizės atveju yra nagrinėjama Lietuvos komercinių bankų teikiamų konkrečių įmonių akcijų apžvalgų-rekomendacijų, patikimumas bei praktinė nauda. Pirmoje darbo dalyje aprašoma efektyvios rinkos teorijos prasmė (pamatinė techninės ir fundamentalios analizės teorija), kartu paliečiant pagrindinius fundamentalios ir techninės analizės principus. Plačiau nagrinėjami pasaulyje atlikti techninės analizės tyrimai, gauti jų rezultatai. Antroje darbo dalyje pateikiama metodologija kaip buvo atliktas techninės analizės tyrimas su Baltijos šalių ir JAV akcijų indeksais, nubrėžiamos pagrindinės tyrimo ribos. Trečioje tyrimo dalyje pateikiami rezultatai. Didžiausias metinis pelningumas buvo gautas remiantis Slankiųjų vidurkių metodu (50/200 su OMXV akcijų indeksu) – 24,44 proc., kai tuo tarpu „pirk ir laikyk“ strategijos gautas pelningumas – 22,68 proc. po mokesčių. RSI indekso metodas geriausiai pasiteisino su S&P500 akcijų indeksu. Šio metodo metinė grąža siekė 2,15 proc., o... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The profitability and reliability of technical analysis methods is the main theme of this work. The practical value of these methods and main rules of operation are analyzed in smaller markets (Vilnius, Ryga and Tallin) and also in comparison with S&P 500 index. The main purpose of this study is to practically test couple of technical analysis methods (Relative Strength Index – RSI and Dual Moving Average Crossover - DMAC) by applying them in markets mentioned above, explore the signals for buying and selling. The fundamental analysis is evaluated while analyzing the reliability and practical benefits of recommendations provided by the commercial banks of Lithuania. The meaning of efficient market theory (it’s the most basic theory for technical and fundamental analysis) is described in literature analysis part. Also, the main rules of fundamental and technical analysis are described there. All the methodology of the research with Baltic and USA indexes is provided in the second part of the work. The third part is filled with results of the research. The best annual after tax gain providing method was DMAC (Dual Moving Average Crossover) (50/200 with OMXV share index) with 22,44% gain for the shareholder, while “buy and keep” strategy provided only 22,68%. RSI (Relative Strength Index) worked best with S&P500 index. The annual odd of this method was 2,15%, while “buy and keep” strategy was only 0,087. DMAC (20/100) also worked best while analyzing the truthfulness of... [to full text]

[Truncated abstract] This thesis examines informational efficiency and price discovery processes within the Perth housing market for the period 1988-2000 by utilising a rich source of Western Australian Valuer General’s Office (VGO) data. Fama’s (1970) classification of market efficiency as potentially weak form, semi-strong, or strong form has been a dominant paradigm in tests of market efficiency in many asset markets. While there are some parallels, the results of tests in this thesis suggest there are also limitations in applying this paradigm to housing markets. The institutional structure of housing markets dictates that a deeper recognition of important housing market characteristics is required. Efficiency in housing markets is desirable in that if prices provide accurate signals for purchase or disposition of real estate assets this will facilitate the correct allocation of scarce financial resources for housing services. The theory of efficient markets suggests that it is desirable for information diffusion processes in a large aggregate housing market to facilitate price corrections. In an efficient housing market, these processes can be observed and will enable housing units to be exchanged with an absence of market failure in all price and location segments. Throughout this thesis there is an emphasis on disaggregation of the Perth housing market both by price and location criteria. Results indicate that the Perth housing market is characterised by varying levels of informational inefficiency in both price and location segments and there are some important pricing-size influences.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Canterbury, 2006. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (p. 223-236). Also available via the World Wide Web.

The first part of thesis describes the Efficient Market Theory, its characteristics and forms. Another theoretical approach are Behavioral Finances that can also explain the stock market price making. The main topic is Financial Market Anomalies that defy the Efficient Market Theory. Anomalies state that an investor is able to achieve above average profits in the long term regularly. The thesis is focused on two anomalies selected for further testing on the data of companies traded on German exchange Xetra. Data was obtained from Yahoo Finance and processed for statistical tests. Anomalies occurrence was scarce, therefore it cannot be said that an investor is able to achieve above average profits in the long term regularly.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T21:42:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavio Crepardi Brustelo.pdf: 2116777 bytes, checksum: c87c19160f0189b5791b18e1639b5bbe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-23 / Os 799 discentes presenciais cursando entre o 5º a 8º semestre que utilizam os jogos de empresas, inclusos nas 225 empresas ativas distribuídas entre os cursos de Administração geral; Comércio exterior; Administração financeira; Ciências contábeis e Ciências econômicas no campus Rudge Ramos da Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, foram submetidos a 6 cenários virtuais, com diferentes graus de complexidade, onde suas decisões foram investigadas sob a ótica dos aspectos heurísticos, contidos em finanças comportamentais, validando a hipótese de que suas decisões não são tomadas utilizando a teoria de mercado eficiente contida nas finanças tradicionais, modelo este que pressupõe que seus agentes são racionais e maximizadores de benefícios esperados, mas as tomam através das heurísticas comportamentais de efeito certeza, reflexão e isolamento, existentes no questionário da Teoria do Prospecto, Nobel de economia em 2002 por introduzir os insights da pesquisa psicológica na ciência econômica, especialmente no que diz respeito as avaliações e tomada de decisão sob incerteza, sugerindo uma mudança na função linear da predileção de perdas à ganhos, constantes em finanças tradicionais, para uma concavidade da função utilidade para ganhos e convexas para perdas, utilizadas em heurísticas comportamentais de Kahneman e Tversky (1979). Foi também efetuada uma análise de processos das 56 empresas virtuais contidas no 1º quartil, escalonadas em ordem decrescente, gerando duas proxys de confirmação dos resultados tabulados. Foi constatado uma superestimação de resultados possíveis ao invés de resultados prováveis, demonstrando fantasias das habilidades dos jogadores, equiparáveis com os resultados de Weinstein (1980), em até 71% acreditando serem melhores do que realmente são. Além de análise Qui-Quadrática que confirmaram que os resultados da teoria do prospecto são equiprováveis e equilibrados com o trabalho original, além do Teste-t entre amostras de variâncias equivalentes que geraram significância estatística, reforçando o modelo. Também foi efetuado uma análise das decisões por gênero nas respostas, para comprovar a irrelevância proposta por Hanna, Gutter e Fan (2001) quanto a predileção e aceitação ao risco.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T21:42:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Roberto Priore.pdf: 1113457 bytes, checksum: 1acca67a7d8f784ff91ffb7295f3b2fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-19 / The aim of this dissertation is to analyse loss aversion of the Business Administration and Financial Management students, using the reproduction of the work developed by Kahneman and Tversky (1979). For that purpose, it was made a field research with these students in a private college in São Paulo city with the application of the original survey template suggested by researchers Kahneman e Tversky (1979), and through the obtained results, Prospect Theory was validated, and it was verified that a group of students have less loss aversion. In this study was made a bibliographic review about the main changes in financial area since 1920 until nowadays highlighting the theory about modern financials, Efficient Market Hypothesis, Behavior Financials, Heuristics and Prospect Theory. The results reveal the existence of certainty, reflex and isolation effects. It was possible to confirm the existence of a different behavior of the Administration students. Among the main conclusions, Administration students are reacting differently of Financial Management students. Academic qualification is proving as a differentiation factor between the two groups. Administration students have a smaller financial base of studies than Financial Magement students and a larger base of studies on other areas. This larger knowledge on financial area didn t bring any differential for Financial Management students, this can be explained by the low age of this population, that have just left high school and has little experience and little understanding of financial market. / O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar aversão à perda dos estudantes do curso de administração de empresas e do curso de tecnologia em gestão financeira, usando a reprodução do trabalho desenvolvido por Kahneman e Tversky (1979). Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa em campo com estudantes em uma faculdade particular, localizada da cidade de São Paulo, onde pode ser aplicado o questionário no modelo original proposto pelos pesquisadores Kahneman e Tversky (1979) e através dos resultados obtidos, foi recriada a teoria dos prospectos e constatou que um grupo de estudantes tem uma aversão à perda menor. Neste trabalho, foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as principais mudanças na área financeira desde 1920 até atualidade, destacando a Teoria sobre Finanças Modernas, a Hipótese de Mercados Eficientes, Finanças Comportamentais, Heurísticas e Teoria do Prospecto. Os resultados apontam para a existência dos efeitos certeza, reflexo e isolamento. Foi possível confirmar a existência de um comportamento diferente para o grupo de estudantes de administração. Dentre as principais conclusões, os estudantes de administração, estão reagindo de forma diferente que os estudantes de gestão financeira. A formação dos respondentes mostrou-se um fator de diferenciação entre os dois grupos. Os alunos de administração tem uma base de estudos sobre finanças menor comparada com os estudantes de gestão financeira e uma base de estudos maior em outras áreas. Esse conhecimento mais abrangente na área financeira, não trouxe nenhum diferencial para os estudantes de gestão financeira, isso pode se dar por essa amostra ser basicamente de pessoas muito jovem que acabaram de sair do ensino médio e com pouca experiência e entendimento do mercado financeiro.

The objective of the thesis is to characterize the importance of information and consequently also of knowledge as the bases for active dealing in the stock market. The fundamental terms of information credibility, disinformation and information asymmetry, which have a cardinal effect on behaviour of particular participants of the market, are mentioned in the thesis. The theory of effective markets and the factors due to which it is not able to explain the development and the real state of the contemporary stock markets, are analysed in more detail in the thesis. A considerable part of the thesis is devoted to the analysis and the definition of information need as a basic requirement for making successful investment decisions of an individual, whereas ways to its fulfilment are implied -- including a description and a division of available information sources. The description and the analysis of several dealing strategies which are directly based on usage of various kinds of information are not missing in the thesis. A part of the work is a presentation and an analysis of the results of a research made among real investors.

The Diploma Thesis deals with influence of announcing economic indicators on currency exchange rate AUD/USD. The Thesis focuses on fundamental news announced in Australia, USA and China, as these play a significant role in forming of analyzed currency exchange rate. The first part includes general description of fundaments, explanation of investor's psychology, description of world's most important banks, because the financial world waits for their announcements and reacts upon them. Next subchapter of thesis focuses on central bank of Australia and its monetary policy. The research itself is situated in the second part of the thesis, containing testing the influence of fundamental news on logarithmic return of exchange rate AUD/USD, using linear regression analysis. The objective of this part is to find out what is the influence of news on exchange rate return of AUD/USD. The last part examines whether investing strategies based on announcing fundamental news can bring profit to the investor or the efficient market theory will be confirmed.

Le développement des contenus vidéo en ligne ont changé l’environnement de l’internet et des médias jusqu’à devenir une partie de notre vie quotidienne. Cependant, le développement de cette industrie est contraint par plusieurs problèmes, tels que la faible valeur de la publicité, le manque de rentabilité et les litiges de droit d’auteur. Des recherches scientifiques sont à mener se concentrant sur les modes de revenu des plateformes de diffusion et le fonctionnement du marché.Ma thèse mène dans un premier temps une description détaillée de marché des contenus vidéo en ligne en Chine. J’analyse les caractéristiques du marché à l’aide de la théorie des marchés bifaces. Puis la thèse examine les modes de tarification, construit un modèle de marchés bifaces différenciée verticalement, et explore la stratégie de prix optimal dans les différents modes et le choix optimal du mode de fixation des prix. Ensuite, je construis un modèle de concurrence avec la différenciation horizontale avec différents choix d’accès des annonceurs. La thèse explore de manière centrale les modes de transaction et les comportements des entreprises entre les fournisseurs de contenu et la plateforme ainsi que l’équilibre du marché.La thèse procède à une description détaillée du mécanisme de revenus et le fonctionnement de l’industrie des contenus vidéo en ligne basé sur la théorie des marchés bifaces et les caractéristiques de cette industrie émergente. Selon les résultats de la modélisation mathématique, l’analyse conclut par des suggestions à destination des plateformes et de cette industrie adaptées aux caractéristiques chinoises. / The appearance and following flourish of online video content have changed the Internet environment and media ecology of information era, which even become part of our life every day. However, the development of online video content industry is persecuted by several problems, such as lower advertising value, lack of profitability and constant copyright disputes. Specific research on the revenue modes of online video content platform and the operating mechanism of online video content market is essential.I conduct a detailed description for present China’s online video content market at first and then analyze the market characteristics using two-sided market theory. Next the thesis examines the exiting price modes, constructs a model of two-sided vertically differentiated markets, and explore the optimal pricing strategy under the different modes and the optimal choice of pricing mode. Then the thesis constructs a horizontal differentiated model of market competition under the different accessing choices of advertisers. The thesis intensively explores the transaction mode and business behavior between content providers and content platform on the accessing ways and market equilibrium.The dissertation conducts a detailed description of the revenue and operation mechanism for online video content industry based on the theory of two-sided markets and the characteristics of this emerging fresh industry. According to the analysis results concluded by the mathematical modeling, corresponding policy suggestions confirming to the online video content market with Chinese characteristics would be proposed from the perspectives of platform operation and whole industry.