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The purpose of this work is to study the beer market in Turkey in respect of demand analysis and with a view to assess whether the marketing and in particular pricing policies adopted by industry players in the period 1997-2002 have been efficient. Of specific interest is the near duopolistic structure of the market and the question whether pricing policies followed during the period 1997-2002 have been determinant in the observed sales volumes. The investigation focuses first on the analysis of the determinants of demand, and secondly on questioning whether pricing policies practiced in the market are optimal with respect to the objectives of the industry players. The major finding of the study is that beer prices in Turkey are below the optimal level, with respect to both revenue and profit maximizing objectives. Moreover, seasonality in beer demand can be exploited further with a high-low pricing scheme to improve the industry revenue.

Background: In technology based industries, firms which originate from advanced economies have traditionally occupied the leading position. In order to keep that position, they relied on strong efforts devoted to research and development, striving for being at the cutting edge of technology. During the last decade, we observed that some change happened amongst the top ranking of firms within the telecommunication industry with the apparition of Huawei, which originates from China, an emerging economy, in second position. Aim: This research is aimed to investigate the influence of firm’s human resource and market demand on firm’s innovation strategy. Definitions: Human resource represents the employees working for a company. In our study, when we mention human resource we deal with employees working in research and development. Market demand refers to the products which are demanded on a specific market. For our research we divided it in three categories: less advanced, advanced and most advanced products. Innovation strategy deals with the way a firm organizes its research and development in order to innovate according to either, in our research, new-tofirm or new-to-world innovation strategy. Completion and results: This study revealed that Huawei managed to adjust its innovation strategy in accordance with its human resources and market demand. Thanks to an efficient and adapted innovation strategy, Huawei now manages to perform better than its main competitor Ericsson, not only on developing or emerging markets, but also in advanced markets. We also observed the role of rules and regulations and cooperation, without which Huawei would not have been able to lead an efficient new-to-firm strategy. We created a model which is designed to give a better understanding of the situation and illustrate the interrelation between human resource, market demand, innovation strategy and performance.

On the one hand, the demand response management and dynamical pricing supported by the smart grid had started to lead to fundamentally different energy consumption behaviours; On the other hand, energy supply has gone through a dramatic new pattern due to the emergence and development of renewable energy resources. Facing these changes, this thesis investigates one of the resulting challenges, which is how to integrate the wholesale market and the retail market into one framework in order to achieve optimal balancing between demand and supply. Firstly, based on the existing mechanisms of the wholesale and retail electricity markets, a simulation tool is proposed and developed. This enables the ISO to find the best balance between supply and demand, by taking into account the different objectives of the generators, retailers and customers. Secondly, a new market mechanism based on the interval demand is proposed in order to address the challenges of the unpredictable demand due to the demand response management programs. Under the proposed new market mechanism, the corresponding approaches are investigated in order to support the retailers to find their profit-optimal pricing strategies, the generators to develop their best bidding strategies, and the ISO to identify the market clearing price function in order to best balance supply and demand. In particular: 1) For the ISO, our designed mechanism could effectively handle unpredictable demand under the dynamic retail pricing. It also enables the realisation of the goals of dynamic pricing by utilising smart meters; 2) In the retail market, we extend the smart pricing model in the current research in order to enable the retailers to find the most-profitable pricing scheme under the proposed new mechanism with the demand-based piecewise cost (i.e., market clearing price) function; 3) For the wholesale market, we developed a pricing forecasting model in order to forecast a market clearing price. Based on this model, we analysed the optimal bidding strategies for a generator under an interval demand from the ISO. Simulation results are provided in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.

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The general aim of this research is to investigate approaches to: •improve small area market demand (i.e. SAMD) prediction accuracy for the purchase of automobiles at the level of each Census Collection District (i.e. CCD); and •enhance understanding of meso-level marketing phenomena (i.e. geographically aggregated phenomena) relating to SAMD. Given the importance of SAMD prediction, and the limitations posed by current methods, four research questions are addressed: •What are the key challenges in meso-level SAMD prediction? •What variables affect SAMD prediction? •What techniques can be used to improve SAMD prediction? •What is the value of integrating these techniques to improve SAMD prediction? To answer these questions, possible solutions from two broad areas are examined: spatial analysis and data mining. The research is divided into two main studies. In the first study, a seven-step modelling process is developed for SAMD prediction. Several sets of models are analysed to examine the modelling techniques’ effectiveness in improving the accuracy of SAMD prediction. The second study involves two cases to: 1) explore the integration of these techniques and their advantages in SAMD prediction; and 2) gain insights into spatial marketing issues. The case study of Peugeot in the Sydney metropolitan area shows that urbanisation and geo-marketing factors can have a more important role in SAMD prediction than socio-demographic factors. Furthermore, results show that modelling spatial effects is the most important aspect of this prediction exercise. The value of the integration of techniques is in compensating for the weaknesses of conventional techniques, and in providing complementary and supplementary information for meso-level marketing analyses. Substantively, significant spatial variation and continuous patterns are found with the influence of key studied variables. The substantive implications of these findings have a bearing on both academic and managerial understanding. Also, the innovative methods (e.g. the SAMD modelling process and the model cube based technique comparison) developed from this research make significant contributions to marketing research methodology.

The general aim of this research is to investigate approaches to: •improve small area market demand (i.e. SAMD) prediction accuracy for the purchase of automobiles at the level of each Census Collection District (i.e. CCD); and •enhance understanding of meso-level marketing phenomena (i.e. geographically aggregated phenomena) relating to SAMD. Given the importance of SAMD prediction, and the limitations posed by current methods, four research questions are addressed: •What are the key challenges in meso-level SAMD prediction? •What variables affect SAMD prediction? •What techniques can be used to improve SAMD prediction? •What is the value of integrating these techniques to improve SAMD prediction? To answer these questions, possible solutions from two broad areas are examined: spatial analysis and data mining. The research is divided into two main studies. In the first study, a seven-step modelling process is developed for SAMD prediction. Several sets of models are analysed to examine the modelling techniques’ effectiveness in improving the accuracy of SAMD prediction. The second study involves two cases to: 1) explore the integration of these techniques and their advantages in SAMD prediction; and 2) gain insights into spatial marketing issues. The case study of Peugeot in the Sydney metropolitan area shows that urbanisation and geo-marketing factors can have a more important role in SAMD prediction than socio-demographic factors. Furthermore, results show that modelling spatial effects is the most important aspect of this prediction exercise. The value of the integration of techniques is in compensating for the weaknesses of conventional techniques, and in providing complementary and supplementary information for meso-level marketing analyses. Substantively, significant spatial variation and continuous patterns are found with the influence of key studied variables. The substantive implications of these findings have a bearing on both academic and managerial understanding. Also, the innovative methods (e.g. the SAMD modelling process and the model cube based technique comparison) developed from this research make significant contributions to marketing research methodology.

This thesis is concerned with problems of services. It examines possibilities and conditions of development of commercial services in a microregion Věnec. The area analyzed in this research work is a free municipality association Věnec that includes 6 individual villages situated in region of Prachatice (Čkyně, Bohumilice, Bošice, Lčovice, Svatá Maří a Zálezly) which are situated in a district of South Bohemia. A double questionnaire investigation was used to get information. First of all attitudes of mayors were collected and after it attitudes of enterprise subjects working in the free municipality association. This work is also involved in a research project ZF JU MSM 600766 5806. The aim of this work was to specify and qualify conditions of development of commercial services in a given area. To find ways and new possibilities which would lead to bigger satisfaction of inhabitants (inhabitants providing and using services as well). To manage to effectively exploit collected data to reveal entire lacks at a structure and composition of services (from views of local enterprises). The research work ended in making a SWOT analyze and ways of possible solution of revealed problems were sketched out. The results of the research proved that microregion should better target the tourism in these ways: to complete personal services, accommodation facilities, cash dispenser etc., to improve the state of land parkways and bike-paths, to try to attract new investors and so increase the amount of working opportunities for mainly the younger generation, not to be afraid of cooperation and make more effort to gain grants or subsidies from European Union.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the influences acting on the real estate market and create their prognoses. The first part describes the distribution and development of the construction industry and real estate market. The second part involves the creation of case studies, which are compared to offer and demand individual factors.

TITLE: The sustainable banking industry - factors associated with sustainable innovation. FINAL SEMINAR: 2021-05-26COURSE: Master thesis in Business & Management - Organization at Uppsala University. AUTHORS: Kristofer Edin & Robin Nikolausson. ADVISOR: Josef Pallas.KEYWORDS: Sustainable innovation, Internal factors, External factors, Regulations, Technology, Market demand, Organizational culture, Market opportunities, Internal collaborations, Managerial dedication, Knowledge management.PURPOSE: This thesis aims to study factors associated with the development of sustainable innovation in the banking industry. Moreover, the ambition is to bring relevant findings and support for previous findings related to the information gap about how factors are associated with sustainable innovation and how they correspond to each other.METHOD: This research is using a case study methodology where one specific case company is being scrutinized. The study has used an exploratory study approach consisting of qualitative data gathering. Moreover, it is based on an inductive approach. The data consist of both primary data in terms of interviews with employees from the case company and of secondary data from various internet sources.LITERATURE REVIEW: Sustainable innovation, Technology, Regulations, Market demand, Organizational culture, Market opportunities, Internal collaboration, Managerial dedication, Knowledge management.EMPIRICAL FINDINGS: This thesis uncovers that there are both internal and external factors associated with sustainable innovation in the banking industry. The empirical findings thus correspond to the theory as it illustrates that the different factors are associated with sustainable innovation in the case company. However, the correctness of the theoretical suggestions varies in terms of the level of importance concerning the different factors. ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION:The analysis illustrates that even as the eight factors are associated with sustainable innovation, it is difficult to decide their relative importance as they are not mutually exclusive, but dependent on each other. However, there are some empirical indications that some factors, such as market demand and organizational culture, are more dominant in the relationships among the different factors.