The purpose of this thesis is to provide a deeper understanding of the reasons why ecommerce companies work with influencer marketing in order to create brand awareness in international markets. In order to conduct this research, relevant aspects of the phenomenon have been identified and consequently analysed in relation to traditional marketing strategies and international markets. By following a qualitative research method, a deeper understanding of the phenomenon and how companies use influencer marketing vs traditional marketing strategies can thereby be acquired. This was done by acquiring primary data from four different e-commerce companies that works with influencer marketing. The companies are all located in Sweden and active in international markets. The thesis has followed a deductive research approach, due to that the research area was considered to be rather unexplored, and thus a better pre understanding of the research area seemed warranted. Furthermore, the literature review that has been done includes theories related to international marketing, social media, word of mouth, brand awareness and influencer marketing. The literature review has resulted in a conceptual framework, which demonstrates the relations between the different theories. The conceptual framework has thereafter been used in order to analyse the empirical data, which has been derived from the interviews with representatives from four companies. The empirical findings are then presented together with analysis and discussion in the following chapter. Moreover, the empirical findings/analysis chapter visualizes the similarities and the dissimilarities between the theory and the findings. The analysis chapter additionally involves a discussion and is structured in accordance with the conceptual framework and the questions asked. The following and final chapter of the thesis presents the conclusions that have been derived from the analysis. The main theoretical implications that this thesis has resulted in, involves filling the research gap as well as providing a definition of the phenomenon of influencer marketing in a context of international business. The main practical implication is that an understanding of influencer marketing creates word of mouth and brand awareness. This in a combination with being active on social media can consequently help e-commerce companies to internationalize into new markets. As this thesis introduces the phenomenon of influencer marketing in a new context, it provides new information about the topic. Furthermore, the research can be valuable for e-commerce companies that have entered, or plan to enter an international market. The authors furthermore present the theoretical and practical implications and provide recommendations and suggestions for future research.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences / Department of Communication

This Diploma thesis focuses on the marketing communication of the company named Záhradní vinařství. The issue of interest will be explained in the theoretical part, which will serve as the foundation for the outputs of the analytical part of the thesis. Based on the conducted analyses, an appropriate marketing communication strategy will be suggested in the practical part of thesis.

L'évaluation des campagnes de communication fait face à diverses difficultés notamment, des fondements théoriques insuffisants, l'emploi d'indicateurs inappropriés et des techniques inadaptées à la complexité des variables à étudier. Néanmoins, chercheurs et praticiens reconnaissent l'importance et la nécessité de l'intégrer dans le plan des campagnes. À la suite de la présentation des méthodes usuelles en évaluation, leur confrontation en fonction de quelques indicateurs comparatifs a démontré que la technique d'évaluation continue est la plus efficace et la plus fonctionnelle pour évaluer les effets et les impacts des messages dynamiques, telles les publicités télévisées. Ce constat a été vérifié et confirmé lors de systématiques et itératives mises à l'essai de cette technique. Ces expérimentations ont permis de formuler et d'expliciter plusieurs notions, recommandations et mises en garde qui viennent enrichir le peu de littérature disponible au sujet de l'évaluation continue. En recueillant les réponses des récepteurs en temps réel, en s'adaptant à la nature dynamique des messages, en diagnostiquant leur efficacité et en identifiant avec précision les ajustements nécessaires, l'évaluation continue est une technique évaluative de premier rang en communication.

Notre étude s’intéresse au concept d’empathie d’un point de vue communicationnel, c’est-à-dire dans la perspective relationnelle entre un récepteur et des contenus médiatisés. En prenant appui sur les énoncés théoriques relatifs au concept psychologique d’empathie, nous proposons une définition conceptuelle et opérationnelle spécifique à l’empathie, qualifiée ici de virtuelle, et au terrain de son étude. Nous évaluons également les conditions d’optimisation de cette variable eu égard à diverses formes de contenus médiatisés en vérifiant si le réalisme et le type de mise en forme des contenus engendrent des niveaux d’empathie virtuelle différents, tels que mesurés par l’échelle que nous avons développée et utilisée dans un questionnaire autoadministré. Les analyses n’ont pas permis de dégager de résultats significatifs, les sujets (n=96) ne sont pas plus empathiques envers les contenus réalistes que fictifs, de même qu’ils ne sont pas plus empathiques envers les contenus audiovisuels qu’audio ou imprimés.

Submitted by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2016-08-30T20:30:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva, Maria Gabriela Jandiroba.pdf: 2110986 bytes, checksum: e6a32a3bab7a6ef0926c80a4556bb53d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Angela Dortas (dortas@ufba.br) on 2016-08-30T21:12:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva, Maria Gabriela Jandiroba.pdf: 2110986 bytes, checksum: e6a32a3bab7a6ef0926c80a4556bb53d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-30T21:12:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva, Maria Gabriela Jandiroba.pdf: 2110986 bytes, checksum: e6a32a3bab7a6ef0926c80a4556bb53d (MD5) / Visando interferir mudando comportamentos e, desta forma, evitando a possível ocorrência de problemas sociais que podem causar transtornos em longo prazo, muitas organizações têm utilizado as técnicas do Marketing Social. Quando as intervenções visam prioritariamente à mudança de comportamento dos seus próprios funcionários como público-alvo e o escopo de atuação versa sobre a proteção do meio ambiente, pode-se afirmar, então, que a abordagem utilizada é a de Marketing Social Interno (abordagem que mescla conceitos de Marketing Social e Marketing Interno) relacionado a questões ambientais. Este trabalho considerou a campanha de distribuição de canecas da Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - uma campanha condizente com os objetivos do aludido campo de atuação do Marketing. O objetivo geral deste trabalho consistiu em analisar a contribuição da referida campanha enquanto estratégia impulsionadora da redução, por parte dos servidores da instituição, do consumo de copos descartáveis no ambiente laboral. A pesquisa teve natureza exploratória e descritiva e a estratégia metodológica escolhida foi o estudo de caso. Como técnicas de coleta de dados utilizou-se a pesquisa documental, o método survey e a observação direta, visando à triangulação de várias fontes de evidências. Como resultado, obteve-se que a campanha analisada contribuiu para a mudança de comportamento dos servidores, no ambiente laboral, materializada pela efetiva e alegada redução do consumo de copos plásticos descartáveis na instituição. Tal contribuição poderia, no entanto, ter sido ainda mais contundente caso alguns aspectos examinados tivessem contado com um planejamento de marketing mais adequado. As recomendações gerenciais que emergiram deste trabalho apontam, principalmente, para a necessidade de planejamento e avaliação de campanhas ambientais futuras, à luz dos princípios e técnicas do Marketing Social Interno. / Aimed at changing behaviors interfere and thus avoiding the possible occurrence of social problems that can cause problems in the long term, many organizations have used the techniques of social marketing. When interventions aimed primarily at behavior change of their own employees as target audience and the scope of work relates to environmental protection, it can be said, then, that the approach is the Social Internal Marketing (approach merges concepts of Social Marketing and Internal Marketing) related to environmental issues. This work considered mugs distribution campaign of Federal University of São Francisco Valley - a fitting campaign with the objectives of the aforementioned Marketing playing field. The aim of this study was to analyze the contribution of this campaign as the driving strategy of reduction on the part of the institution's servers, the consumption of disposable cups in the workplace. The research was exploratory and descriptive nature and the chosen methodological strategy was the case study. Data collection techniques used to document research, the survey method and direct observation, aiming to triangulation from various sources of evidence. As a result, it was found that the campaign analyzed contributed to the change in behavior of the servers, the work environment, materialized by effective and allegedly reduced consumption of disposable plastic cups in the institution. This contribution would, however, have been even more forceful if some aspects examined had counted on a better marketing plan. The management recommendations that emerged from this study point mainly to the need for planning and evaluation of future environmental campaigns in the light of the principles and techniques of Social Internal Marketing.

Made available in DSpace on 2008-10-20T20:23:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CPDOC2006CristinaSales.pdf: 458494 bytes, checksum: 155625ad5fa515c2025af54fe6007ee7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-07-31T00:00:00Z / Este trabalho discute a utilização das técnicas marketing e comunicação no terceiro setor, partindo do pressuposto que, quando necessárias, elas devem ser adotadas de forma participativa, respeitando as características da gestão social, que se distingue pela valorização do diálogo e a busca do consenso entre todos os atores envolvidos. Além dos conceitos de gestão social e participação, a dissertação aborda as origens do termo marketing, passando pelo surgimento e a evolução do conceito de marketing social e pela adaptação de algumas variáveis oriundas do marketing de serviços, visando definir um composto de marketing social adequado à realidade das ONGs contemporâneas. Procura-se, ainda, entender o conceito de comunicação integrada e seu papel no marketing social. Partindo deste referencial, o foco volta-se para a análise de uma organização não-governamental brasileira, para a qual se buscou realizar, de forma participativa, um planejamento de comunicação integrada. O processo de elaboração do plano evidencia as dificuldades enfrentadas pela organização na definição de sua política de comunicação. As conclusões indicam que a supervalorização de parâmetros de sucesso oriundos do ambiente empresarial - em detrimento da gestão democrática e participativa - tende a favorecer a replicação do modelo hegemônico, comprometendo a capacidade de gerar transformação social efetiva.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:15:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1997-05-09T00:00:00Z / A presente dissertação faz uma abordagem das práticas adotadas por empresas que desenvolvem programas voltados a incentivar ações de reciclagem de materiais. As ações das empresas são analisadas sob o enfoque do marketing social. Para isso, é utilizado um modelo existente, desenvolvido por Kotler e Roberto.

Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T19:01:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ACF29E.pdf: 391358 bytes, checksum: 21e502f2cc5c3436a864a9b637a01970 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / The discussion about corporate obligations toward the various stakeholders began in the postindustrial era and developed to culminate in the creation of rules, regulations, programs and projects focusing on the dissemination and promotion of what we know today as corporate social responsibility (CSR). In this context, satisfying this new demand and adopting social policies emerge as a determining factor in defining organizational strategies. Nevertheless, some questions are raised when we examine the subject, such as: To what extent should organizations intervene in society? Is the decision for the organizations to adopt a socially responsible attitude really linked to promoting social well being, or is it only a commercial strategy? How does social marketing relate to CSR projects? The study herein, based on the concept and understanding of CSR theories, stakeholders and social marketing, has sought to find evidence of this relationship, in the light of the Global Compact (GC). It was decided to use the multi-case study methodology, considering the possibility of explaining the reasons why the decisions were taken, how they were implemented and what was the outcome. Interviews, supported by previously prepared scripts, were held with CSR managers, employees from other areas of the organizations, and specialists on the subject. Complementary research studies were made in various sources, such as the website of companies under analysis, their sustainability reports, and the GC websites in Brazil and the United Nations (UN). The results obtained show that the organizations have worked increasingly with CSR projects, but the efforts have not been focused. Special mention is given to the programs that create major impact on the company¿s image and reputation, such as projects competing for prizes and participating in the formation of rankings or socially responsible organizations. From the view of Carroll¿s Pyramid (1991) for CSR, it is found that the projects are predominantly focusing on ethical and philanthropic issues. The driving power of the GC, action based on learning, dialogue and partnership, is not to be found. This factor contributes to the statement that social marketing tools are used to build an ethical and socially responsible image, in detriment to effective action by the organizations to meet the social requirements of their stakeholders. The social marketing has as an objective to transform the way a specific public sees a social question and promotes behavior changes, but what has been seen is the use of marketing tools exclusively to promote the company's image. / A evolução do debate a respeito das obrigações das firmas com seus stakeholders, iniciada na era pós-industrial, culminou na criação de normas, padrões, programas e iniciativas com foco na disseminação e na promoção do que hoje se conhece por responsabilidade social corporativa (RSC). Neste contexto, o atendimento a essa demanda e a adoção de políticas sociais surgem como fatores determinantes na definição das estratégias organizacionais. Todavia, até que ponto as organizações devem intervir na sociedade? A decisão de assumir uma postura socialmente responsável está realmente ligada à promoção do bem-estar social ou é uma estratégia comercial? Como se dá a relação do marketing social com as iniciativas de RSC? O presente estudo buscou, a partir da conceituação e do entendimento das teorias de RSC, dos stakeholders e de marketing social, identificar evidências dessa relação, à luz do Pacto Global (PG). Optou-se pela utilização da metodologia de estudo de caso múltiplo em três empresas concessionárias do setor elétrico brasileiro, pela possibilidade de esclarecer os motivos pelos quais as decisões de participação no PG foram tomadas, como foram implementadas e com quais resultados. Foram realizadas entrevistas junto aos gestores de RSC, funcionários de outras áreas das empresas e especialistas no assunto, além de pesquisas em websites das empresas analisadas, seus relatórios de sustentabilidade e websites do PG no Brasil e na Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU). Os resultados mostram que as organizações têm trabalhado em iniciativas de RSC sem um foco definido, destacando-se os programas com maior impacto na imagem e na reputação da empresa, que concorrem a premiações e formação de rankings, e que sob a ótica da Pirâmide de Carroll (1991) são predominantemente voltados a questões éticas e filantrópicas. A atuação sob as bases do aprendizado, diálogo e parceria, proposta pelo PG, não é encontrada, o que contribui para afirmativa da utilização das ações de RSC na construção de uma imagem ética e socialmente responsável, em detrimento da atuação efetiva na superação das necessidades sociais de seus stakeholders. O marketing social tem como objetivo transformar a maneira pela qual um determinado público percebe uma questão social e promover mudanças comportamentais, mas o que se tem visto é a utilização das ferramentas de marketing exclusivamente para a promoção da imagem da organização.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:46:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ana_amelia_brauner_pereira_dissertacao.pdf: 4725645 bytes, checksum: 6eb2077e22112c143bc9042a26e55b98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-24 / The global economy has transformed business and has had a direct impact on regional cultures. It has also interfered on modes of production and personal relationships within business. This process has been followed and stimulated by the use of marketing strategies that create a better acceptability of the market s actions. Marketing produces detailed studies on people s behaviour and makes use of persuasion strategies not only through publicity but by using mechanisms that are gradual and naturally assimilated. Social marketing is an example of such opportunities created by marketing. The Project Poupança Florestal (freely translated as Forest Saving) was developed within this framework, in which it is necessary to construct or consolidate the business image. In order to evaluate the impact of such project in the South of Rio of Grande do Sul estate, in Brazil, the present study has developed a review of literature, documental research, as well as has carried out interviews (open questionnaires) with representative of several social institutions. The analysis of the interviews shows that the majority of the representatives tend to perceive the project as an isolated action which helps improving the image of Votorantim in the south of the Rio Grande do Sul estate (Brazil), but they do not perceive it as having positive impact in the socioeconomic development of the region as a whole. / A economia globalizada transformou as relações empresariais impactando diretamente nas culturas regionais e interferindo, também, nos modos de produção e nas relações pessoais. Esse processo vem sendo acompanhado e estimulado pelo marketing, que se apresenta de várias formas para permitir uma maior aceitabilidade da ação do mercado. Através de um estudo detalhado sobre o comportamento das pessoas o marketing utiliza estratégias de persuasão não mais apenas através da publicidade, mas cria mecanismos que são assimilados de forma natural e gradual. O marketing social é um exemplo destas oportunidades construídas pelo marketing. O Projeto Poupança Florestal foi construído neste ambiente, onde a construção ou consolidação de imagem empresarial se faz necessária. A análise das entrevistas com os representantes da sociedade desenvolvida neste trabalho mostra que eles tendem, em sua maioria, a perceber o projeto como uma ação isolada que auxilia na construção da imagem da Votorantim na zona sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e não percebem resultados positivos no desenvolvimento socioeconômico da região onde o projeto se desenvolve.