A large pilot-scale free water surface (FWS) constructed wetland polishing effluent from an annual (spring) discharge municipal lagoon was operated for ten years followed by eleven years of dormancy and then restarted with an increase in operating depth. No significant effect of system aging was observed on Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), total phosphorus (TP), and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) removal efficiencies, although internal TP water column concentrations in the first wetland and pond cells increased with time due to resuspension of accumulated sediments. Nitrate and ammonium removal efficiencies were higher during the start-up period due to plant establishment, while organic nitrogen and nitrate removal efficiencies increased during the restart period, likely due to a combination of the increased operating depth and accumulated sediments. No seasonal temperature effect was observed for nitrate or BOD removal efficiency, however, TP removal efficiencies increased with increasing influent concentrations due to seasonal algae growth. TSS removal efficiency increased significantly during the restart period, most likely due to an increase in the operating depth. Phosphorus was found to be mostly stored in the soil, followed by sediment and plants, while nitrogen was found to be stored more in plants, followed by soil and sediment. The wetland system was shown to be effective at the long-term removal of organic matter (BOD5 < 10 mg/L) and TP (87% average removal efficiency), while TSS removal efficiency increased to 97% with an increase in operating depth from 25 to 50 cm.

No description available.

Mass loss of alpine glaciers presently account for about half of the cryospheric contribution to the global sea-level rise. Mass balance of alpine glaciers has predominantly been monitored by; (1) glaciological and hydrological methods, and (2) satellite gravimetric methods using data from NASA’s Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission. However, the former can be logistically costly and have large extrapolation errors: measurements taken at monthly temporal scales are expensive and have a spatial resolution of roughly one kilometer. The latter provides monthly mass-balance estimates of aggregates of alpine glaciers, although the spatial resolution (~300 km) is far too coarse for assessing individual glaciers’ mass balance. Ground-based, time-lapse microgravity measurements can potentially overcome some of the disadvantages of the glaciological, hydrological, and satellite gravitational methods for assessing mass changes and their spatial distribution on a single glacier. Gravity models were utilized to predict the gravity signals of the summer-time mass balance, changes in the seasonal snow cover outside of the glacier, and the vertical gravity gradient (VGG) needed for the free-air correction on Wolverine Glacier, AK. The modeled gravity signal of the summer-time mass balance (average of -0.237 mGal) is more than an order of magnitude larger than the uncertainty of conventional relative gravimeters (±0.007 mGal). Therefore, modeling predict that the time-lapse gravitational method could detect the summer-time mass balance on Wolverine Glacier. The seasonal snow effect was shown to have the greatest influence (~ -0.15 mGal) on the outer 100 m boundary of the glacier and minimal effect (~ -0.02 mGal) towards the center, both larger than the uncertainty of relative gravimeters. The VGG has a positive deviation, about -0.1 to -0.2 mGal/m, from the normal VGG (-0.309 mGal/m). Thus, seasonal snow effect and VGG need to be correctly accounted for when processing gravity measurements to derive the residual gravity signal of the glacier mass balance. Accurate measurements of elevation changes, seasonal snow depth, and the VGG should be performed in future gravity surveys of glaciers. / Geology

Submitted by Eunice Novais (enovais@uepg.br) on 2018-06-26T19:10:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Ana Carolina M. Rodrigues.pdf: 2130324 bytes, checksum: 0340ff571493224c3f33ecd693bb1e77 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-26T19:10:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Ana Carolina M. Rodrigues.pdf: 2130324 bytes, checksum: 0340ff571493224c3f33ecd693bb1e77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-12 / Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná / A má distribuição de água doce no mundo, o crescimento populacional acentuado, as mudanças climáticas e as consequências das ações antropológicas traz a necessidade da busca de fontes alternativas para suprir a demanda de água aos seres humanos, animais e plantas. A abundância de água salgada ou salobra é muitas vezes, a única fonte de água disponível para sobrevivência de algumas comunidades no planeta, isso tem impulsionado o uso de técnicas de dessalinização. Com o objetivo de estudar alternativas para adaptações climáticas, antecipar tendências e problemas hídricos futuros foi implantado um sistema de dessalinização de água salobra, em escala piloto, nas dependências da Estação de Tratamento de Água (ETA) da Sanepar, em Praia de Leste, no município de Pontal do Paraná no litoral do estado. O sistema piloto foi provido de ultrafiltração (UF) como pré-tratamento seguido de abrandamento e da dessalinização por osmose reversa (OR). Com capacidade para produzir 1 m3.h-1 de água tratada. A água salobra foi padronizada nas concentrações de 1000 ± 50 mg.L-1 e 1500 ± 20 mg.L-1 de sólidos dissolvidos totais (SDT), por meio da mistura da água do mar e da água bruta do Rio das Pombas, manancial que abastece o balneário. Avaliou-se o sistema global a partir de dados de produção e consumo de água, balanço de massa e das taxas de recuperação para configurações diferentes do sistema de OR. Para isso, foram realizados quatro experimentos, variando a configuração de abertura do registro do concentrado da OR: o primeiro com abertura de 72,71% de concentrado (A); o segundo 59,20 % (B); o terceiro 39,70% (C), estes com 1500 ± 20 mg.L-1 de SDT; o quarto experimento foi realizado para 1000 ± 50 mg.L-1 de SDT com abertura de 32,90% de concentrado (D). Aproximadamente 15% do volume de alimentação era utilizado na limpeza hidráulica das membranas da UF e da OR. Quanto maiores as vazões do concentrado da OR, maior a vazão de alimentação, e consequentemente, menor a taxa de recuperação e pressão osmótica. A maior taxa de recuperação obtida foi de 69,13% para o experimento D, sendo considerada a configuração mais otimizada. / With the unequal distribution of fresh water in the world, strong population growth, climate change and the consequences of anthropological actions it is necessary to look for alternative sources to supply the water demand for human beings, animals and plants. Salt water or brackish water has been the only source of water available for survival in some communities on the planet. This issue has driven the use of desalination techniques. With the objective of studying alternatives for climate adaptation, anticipating of trends and problems and water problems, a brackish water desalination system in pilot scale was implemented on the premises of the Water Treatment Plant Station, in Praia de Leste, in the Pontal do Paraná City, coast of the State. The pilot system was provided with ultrafiltration (UF) as a pretreatment followed by softening and reverse osmosis (RO), with the capacity to produce 1m3.h-1 of permeate. Brackish water was produced at concentrations of 1,000 ± 50 mg.L-1 and 1,500 ± 20 mg.L-1 of total dissolved solids (TDS), by mixing sea water and fresh water from the Pombas River, which supplies the town. The global system was evaluated from production and water consumption data, mass balance and recovery rates for different configurations of the reverse osmosis system. For this, four experiments were performed, varying the configuration of the valve which controls the flow of the brine: the first one with 72.71% (A); the second with 59.20%(B); the third with 39.70% (C), these with 1,500 ± 20 mg.L-1 of TDS; the fourth experiment was also performed for 1,000 ± 50 mg.L-1 of TDS with 32.90% of the brine (D). About 15% of volume of water produced was used in the hydraulic cleaning of the UF and RO membranes. When the flow rates of the concentrate were higher, the feed rates were also higher and consequently, the recovery rates and osmotic pressure were lower. The highest recovery rate was 69.13% for the experiment D, being considered the most optimized configuration.

Global warming leads to increased precipitation in the Arctic, as warmer air can carry more moisture. The consequence is that many arctic glaciers get steeper slopes over time as increased melt at their lower part causes thinning and increased solid precipitation in their upper regions leads to thickening of the glacier. Ice flow of glaciers is strongly controlled by the surface slope, where steeper slopes leads to increased ice flow. An altered flow regime of the glaciers can lead to unpredicted contributions to sea-level changes as more glacier ice is delivered to lower regions and eventually to the sea through calving of melt- runoff. Long-term measurements of ice-flow velocities are therefore crucial to receive a better understanding of how glaciers respond to climate changes in a temporal and spatial scale. This study investigates ice flow velocities measured over a period of 10 years between 2006 and 2015 on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard. The poly-thermal outlet glacier is centrally located on Spitsbergen; the main island of the Svalbard archipelago (74N°,10°E /81N°,35°E). Ice-flow velocities are measured continuously using stand-alone single-frequency GPS receivers attached to 8 metal stakes along the central flow line of Nordenskiöldbreen. The Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research in Utrecht, the Netherlands (IMAU) has developed such GPS units to measure ice-flow velocities at low costs and all year-round. Ice flow velocities at the central-flow line of Nordenskiöldbreen for the period 2006-2016 are estimated to be between 40 and 60 m a-1. Results show that maximum ice flow velocities can reach up to 80 m a-1 and occur mainly in the beginning of July. The highest annual averaged velocity of 53.88 m a-1 was measured during summer 2014. Averaged ice-flow velocities show an increasing trend of about 1.78 m a-1 during summer seasons. Results are further compared with mass balance observations and temperature records to analyze how glacier systems respond to climate changes. / Klimatuppvärmningen bidrar till att glaciärer blir tunnare och smälter snabbare. Ett varmare klimat är också orsaken till att snöfall ökar då varmare luft kan transportera mer fuktighet. Konsekvensen blir att glaciärer i arktiska områden får brantare sluttningar. Brantare sluttningar leder sedan till att glaciärer rör sig snabbare. Om glaciärer plötsligt rör sig snabbare uppstår möjligheten att havsnivån också stiger snabbare. Uppsatsen undersöker is-hastigheten från Nordenskiöldbreen. Nordenskiöldbreen är en glaciär på Spetsbergen, Svalbard som går ut i Adolfbukta innerst Billesjorden. Hastigheten uppmättes med hjälp av 13 GPS-stationer på glaciärens yta, placerade mellan 800 och 1200 meter över havsnivån. GPS-stationerna är utvecklade av Institut för Marin- och Atmosfär-undersökningar i Utrecht, Holland (IMAU) för att mäta glaciärens hastighet året runt till låga kostnader. Sedan 1997 har Institutionen för geovetenskaper vid Uppsala Universitet utfört flera mätningar på Nordenskiöldbreen för att mäta massbalans, isrörelse och miljöförändringar. Massbalans mätningar har visat att glaciären fick brantare sluttningar över den senaste tio-års perioden. Uppsatsen analyserar trenden för isrörelse vid Nordenskiöldbreen över de senaste tio åren. Dessutom är resultanterna jämförda med massbalans-analyser och temperaturmätningar från Svalbard Flygplats. Jämförelsen hjälper att förstå hur glaciärens system reagerar på klimatförändringar. De uppskattade hastighetsresultaten visar att Nordenskiöldbreen rör sig med en medelhastighet av 45-53 meter per år. Isrörelse kan nå upp till 80 meter per år och är främst förekommande under juli månad när temperaturen är hög. Detta producerar då mer smältvatten vilket driver upp vattentrycket vid glaciärens botten och leder till basal glidning.

<p>Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is a group of chemicals that are toxic, undergo long-range transport and accumulate in biota. Due to their persistency the distribution and recirculation in the environment often continues for a long period of time. Thereby they appear virtually everywhere within the biosphere, and poses a toxic stress to living organisms. In this thesis, attempts are made to contribute to the understanding of factors that influence the distribution of POPs with focus on processes in the marine environment. The bioavailability and the spatial distribution are central topics for the environmental risk management of POPs. In order to study these topics, various field studies were undertaken. To determine the bioavailable fraction of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) the aqueous dissolved phase were sampled and analysed. In the same samples, we also measured how much of these POPs were associated with suspended particles. Different models, which predicted the phase distribution of these POPs, were then evaluated. It was found that important water characteristics, which influenced the solid-water phase distribution of POPs, were particulate organic matter (POM), particulate soot (PSC), and dissolved organic matter (DOM). The bioavailable dissolved POP-phase in the water was lower when these sorbing phases were present. Furthermore, sediments were sampled and the spatial distribution of the POPs was examined. The results showed that the concentration of PCDD/Fs, and PCNs were better described using PSC- than using POM-content of the sediment. In parallel with these field studies, we synthesized knowledge of the processes affecting the distribution of POPs in a multimedia mass balance model. This model predicted concentrations of PCDD/Fs throughout our study area, the Grenlandsfjords in Norway, within factors of ten. This makes the model capable to validate the effect of suitable remedial actions in order to decrease the exposure of these POPs to biota in the Grenlandsfjords which was the aim of the project. Also, to evaluate the influence of eutrophication on the marine occurrence PCB data from the US Musselwatch and Benthic Surveillance Programs are examined in this thesis. The dry weight based concentrations of PCB in bivalves were found to correlate positively to the organic matter content of nearby sediments, and organic matter based concentrations of PCB in sediments were negatively correlated to the organic matter content of the sediment.</p>

L'albédo, fraction de rayonnement réfléchi dans le spectre solaire, est une variable clef du bilan énergétique des surfaces enneigées et englacées. Cette grandeur possède une forte variabilité spatio-temporelle ce qui fait de la télédétection un outil adapté pour son étude. L'albédo dépend à la fois des propriétés physiques du milieu considéré et des caractéristiques du rayonnement incident. Les différentes grandeurs liées à l'albédo sont fonction des domaines angulaires et spectraux des radiations considérées. Les mesures de répartition angulaire du rayonnement réfléchi par la neige ont montré que l'hypothèse lambertienne pouvait conduire à des erreurs non négligeables lors de la détermination de l'albédo par télédétection. La connaissance des caractéristiques de la répartition angulaire du rayonnement réfléchi par la neige permet de développer une nouvelle méthode de détermination de l'albédo en zones montagneuses. Cette méthode prend en compte les effets liés à la forte variabilité topographique des terrains de montagne, à l'anisotropie du rayonnement réfléchi par la neige et par la glace ainsi que les variations spectrales de l'albédo en fonction des propriétés physiques de la surface. Elle a été appliquée à deux types de données : des photographies terrestres visibles et proche infrarouges (résolution spatiale 10 m) et des images MODIS (résolution spatiale 250 m). L'incertitude sur la valeur de l'albédo ainsi déterminée est évaluée à ±10% grâce aux mesures de terrain effectuées sur le glacier de Saint Sorlin (massif des Grandes Rousses, France). L'étude des cartes d'albédo issues de dix années (2000-2009) d'images MODIS montre qu'il n'y a pas de décroissance marquée de la valeur de l'albédo en zone d'ablation au contraire de ce qui a été prouvé pour le glacier du Morteratsch (Suisse). De plus, il existe une corrélation très élevée entre la valeur minimale de la moyenne de l'albédo sur le glacier, i.e. l'albédo moyen du glacier le jour où la ligne de neige est proche de la ligne d'équilibre, et la valeur du bilan de masse annuel spécifique. L'assimilation des données d'albédo obtenues grâce aux images MODIS et aux photographies terrestres dans le modèle de neige CROCUS permet une bonne estimation du bilan de masse spatialisé du glacier de Saint Sorlin (rmse=0.5 m w.e. pour les cinq années hydrologiques étudiées). Les forçages météorologiques utilisés pour cette étude sont de moyenne échelle. L'analyse succincte de la contribution des différents flux atmosphériques au bilan d'énergie de surface montre qu'en zone d'ablation comme en zone d'accumulation, le bilan radiatif net courtes longueurs d'ondes constitue la source principale d'énergie et que la variabilité de ce flux explique la majeure partie de la variabilité journalière de la somme des flux atmosphériques. Appliquées à d'autres glaciers, ces méthodes permettraient de savoir si les conclusions établies pour notre seul glacier d'étude sont valables pour d'autres glaciers. Elles rendraient également possibles la reconstruction du bilan de masse spatialisé sur 10 ans d'autres glaciers et potentiellement une meilleure quantification des processus physiques mis en jeu dans le bilan de masse de ces glaciers tempérés / Albedo is defined as the ratio of reflected to incident radiation over the solar spectrum and is a key parameter in the surface energy balance of snow and ice. This parameter is highly variable both temporally and spatially; thus remote sensing is an ideally suited approach for the retrieval of albedo data.The albedo value depends on both physical properties of the target and the characteristics of the incident radiation. Furthermore, the physical parameters linked with the albedo concept vary in consideration with spectral and angular ranges. Measurements of bi-directional reflectance over natural snow have shown that the Lambertian hypothesis may lead to significant error when estimating albedo from remote sensing data.Detailed knowledge of the angular distribution of radiation reflected by snow allows for the development of a new method to retrieve albedo values for mountainous, snow/ice covered areas. This method takes into account multiple reflections on mountainous areas, anisotropy of radiation reflected by snow and ice, and albedo spectral variations with surface physical properties. The method is applied to visible and near-infrared terrestrial photographs (spatial resolution 10 m) and MODIS data (spatial resolution 250 m). The accuracy of the method is evaluated at ±10% on the retrieved albedo value using concurrent field measurements at theSaint Sorlin Glacier (Grandes Rousses, France) during the summers of 2008 and 2009. The method is used to retrieve albedo data for this glacier from 2000 to 2009. Results indicate that the albedo of the ablation area of the Saint Sorlin Glacier has not shown any decreasing trend over this decade, in opposition to results presented for the Morteratsch Glacier (Switzerland). In addition, the minimal value over the summer period of the whole glacier averaged albedo is highly correlated to the specific annual mass-balance.Albedo data from MODIS and terrestrial photographs are then assimilated into the snow model CROCUS. This assimilation allows for an estimation of the spatialized mass-balance of the Saint Sorlin Glacier over the five studied hydrological years. Root mean square error is evaluated to 0.5 m w.e. For this study, we have used mid-scale meteorological data from SAFRAN. A brief analysis of the contribution from the atmospheric fluxes to the surface energy balance shows that, for the time period considered in this study, the shortwave radiation budget is the main process determining the surface energy balance. Furthermore, variability in shortwave radiation budget explains the major part of the daily variability in surface energy balance.The methods developed in this work are readily applicable to other temperate glaciers. They allows spatialized mass-balance reconstruction on a decadal scale and lead to improved quantification of the physical processes controlling mass-balance in temperate glaciers

Tidal freshwater reaches of estuaries may play an important role in mitigating nutrient fluxes from watersheds to the coastal zone due to their location at the interface between riverine and estuarine systems. We developed annual N and P budgets for the tidal, freshwater James River over 4 calendar years (2007-2010) taking into account riverine inputs at the Fall Line, local points sources (including CSO events), ungagued inputs, riverine outputs, and tidal exchange. The tidal freshwater James River experiences high areal loading rates of TN (383 mg/m2/d) and TP (70 mg/m2/d) due to the combined effects of large watershed area and local point source discharges. On an annual basis, riverine sources dominated TN and TP inputs (59% and 84%, respectively), whereas during low discharge summer months (May-Oct) point sources were more important. Proportional retention of TP inputs (59±7%) was greater than TN retention (27±4%) with annual absolute retention being 1,800±350 kg TP/d, and 5,900±2,700 kg TN/d. Proportional retention of TN and dissolved inorganic fractions of N and P was highest during the low discharge summer months due to reduced loading rates and increased residence times and biotic activity. TP retention was greatest during high discharge winter months (Nov-Apr) when loading rates were highest. High retention during this period of low biotic activity suggests that trapping of riverine derived particulate-bound P via sedimentation was an important mechanism of P retention. Understanding this seasonal variation in nutrient inputs and retention can help to inform management decisions regarding reducing nutrient inputs to the Chesapeake Bay and improving local water quality.

The commercial production of broiler chickens emits low amounts of nitrous oxide and methane, however, the production of CO2 and NH3 is considerable. Several countries have sought to investigate the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) and ammonia (NH3) in the production of broiler chickens since the information available in the literature is variable and uncertain. This is due to the diversity and particular conditions of the facilities, as well as the innumerable differences in the production system and the complex interactions observed in animal waste. Currently, gaseous pollutant measurements are costly techniques and difficult to put into practice in a large number of operations. The impacts of agriculture on global warming must be measured to allow Brazil to meet the commitments signed in COP-21 and to manage its production more precisely. In order to obtain reliable results, it is necessary to know the emission factors for the diverse production systems in the country. In view of this complexity, this research sought to apply a simplified sampling and emission determination technique that present low cost, simplicity, and robustness. The methodology uses the principle of concentration relations as a reference and determination of the concentration of gases was performed by INNOVA 1412. Weekly monitoring of concentrations of NH3, CO2, CH4, and N2O was conducted, considering the typical management of reused litter. The air quality was evaluated for the concentrations of NH3 and CO2, as recommended by international institutions. In addition, the thermal comfort of broiler house, considering the enthalpy index proposed in the literature and zootechnical performance, were measured. In order to identify the variables that best describe the emission flux of NH3 and CO2, mixed linear models with up to six variables were tested. N, C, and P balances were conducted for each production cycle in order to account for the inputs and outputs of the elements, as well as to verify the accuracy of the methodologies used. The main input of N, C, and P in the system was from reused litter, followed by the feed. The emissions allowed for the calculation of annual losses of 16 ± 4; 61 ± 16, and 168 ± 43 g of N2O, CH4, and NH3 bird-place-1 yr-1, respectively. Considering that this research presents an applicable and innovative methodology to determine GHG flows in broiler house for the country, the data will be useful for the Brazilian annual production of GHG emissions from poultry. The results are also useful to encourage new research that promotes knowledge of GHG emissions and alternatives to decrease emissions for meat production in Brazil. / A produção comercial de frangos de corte emite baixas quantidades de óxido nitroso e metano, no entanto, a produção de dióxido de carbono e amônia é considerável. Vários países têm buscado investigar as emissões de gases do efeito estufa (GEE) e amônia (NH3) na produção de frangos de corte já que as informações disponíveis na literatura são variáveis e incertas devido à diversidade das instalações, bem como das inúmeras diferenças no sistema de criação e das complexas interações observadas nos dejetos dos animais. Atualmente, a determinação das emissões gasosas exigem técnicas com custo elevado e difíceis de colocar em prática em um número elevado de instalações. Além disso, os impactos dos sistemas produtivos sobre o aquecimento climático devem ser medidos para permitir que o Brasil atenda os compromissos firmados na COP-21 e execute seu inventário de maneira mais precisa. A fim de obter resultados confiáveis é necessário conhecer os fatores de emissão na diversidade de sistemas de produção existentes no país. Diante dessa complexidade, nesta pesquisa buscou-se aplicar uma técnica simplificada de amostragem e determinação das emissões que apresenta baixo custo, simplicidade e robustez. A metodologia utiliza como referência, o princípio das relações de concentração e a concentração dos gases, que nesse casso foi determinada pelo INNOVA 1412. Buscou-se monitorar semanalmente as concentrações de NH3, CO2, CH4 e N2O considerando o manejo de reutilização da cama de frango. A qualidade do ar foi avaliada, considerando as concentrações de NH3 e CO2 recomendadas por instituições internacionais, assim como o conforto térmico dos aviários considerando os índices de entalpia propostos na literatura e o desempenho zootécnico. Determinou-se os fatores de emissão. E para identificar as variáveis que melhor descrevem o fluxo de emissão de NH3 e CO2, foram testados modelos lineares mistos com até seis variáveis. Balanços de N, C P foram conduzidos para cada ciclo de produção com a finalidade de contabilizar as entradas e saídas dos elementos e verificar a precisão das metodologias utilizadas. A principal entrada de N e C no sistema foi pela reutilização da cama, seguida pela ração. As emissões permitiram calcular perdas anuais de 16 ± 4; 61 ± 16; e 168 ± 43 g de N2O, CH4 e NH3 ave-alojada-1 ano-1, respectivamente. Considerando que esta pesquisa apresenta uma metodologia aplicável e de baixo custo para determinar as emissões de GEE em aviários de frangos de corte no Brasil, os resultados são úteis para incentivar novas pesquisas que possam avançar no conhecimento das emissões e possíveis técnicas de mitigação de GEE na produção de frangos de corte no Brasil.

As florestas de mangue estabilizam a zona costeira da erosÃo e atuam como zona tamponante entre o continente e o mar. Apresentam elevado grau de resiliÃncia e desempenham um importante papel no fluxo de energia e ciclo de nutrientes. SÃo influenciadas pelo crescimento da carcinicultura que pode causar sÃrios impactos ambientais, particularmente na regiÃo nordeste do Brasil devido à emissÃo de sÃlidos em suspensÃo e nutrientes para os estuÃrios. Avaliar a capacidade de retenÃÃo capaz de minimizar o impacto dos efluentes contendo elevados teores de fÃsforo e material particulado em suspensÃo e distinguir esta capacidade entre Ãreas de reconhecida contaminaÃÃo e Ãreas com caracterÃsticas naturais constituÃram o objetivo desta dissertaÃÃo. As coletas de Ãgua e sedimento ocorreram em 2 campanhas no rio Jaguaribe (impactado) e em 1 no rio Pacoti (natural) em marà sizÃgia durante 13 horas. Os parÃmetros pH, OD, %OD, temperatura, salinidade e condutividade foram medidos in situ com multisonda portÃtil. O MPS foi obtido por gravimetria (APHA, 2001). As fraÃÃes de fÃsforo na Ãgua e no sedimento foram determinadas segundo Grasshoff et al. (1999). A extraÃÃo de TP no sedimento seguiu Berner & Rao (1994). As medidas de fluxo foram calculadas segundo OVALLE et al (1990) e a estimativa do balanÃo de massa foi obtida de forma simplificada a partir do balanÃo entre os processos de entrada e saÃda de acordo com a mudanÃa de marÃ. Os parÃmetros hidroquÃmicos se mostraram semelhantes para as duas Ãreas de estudo, com exceÃÃo do OD, que alcanÃou valores sub-Ãxicos para a gamboa do Jaguaribe. O MPS variou entre 23,1 e 172,9 mg.L-1 para as duas campanhas na gamboa do Jaguaribe e entre 23,5 e 97,7 mg.L-1 para a gamboa do Pacoti, tendo sido considerados aceitÃvel quando comparado a outros trabalhos. As concentraÃÃes de fÃsforo para a gamboa do rio Jaguaribe variaram para o DPO4 entre 2,1 e 6,5 &#956;M na gamboa do Jaguaribe, e 0,1 e 0,9 &#956;M na gamboa do Pacoti; para o T-PO4 entre 3,2 e 15,9 &#956;M para a gamboa do Jaguaribe e 2,9 a 7,3 &#956;M para a gamboa do Pacoti; e para o Part-PO4, entre 1,3 e 11,9 &#956;M para a gamboa do Jaguaribe e 2,8 a 7,7 &#956;M para a gamboa do Pacoti; tendo o Jaguaribe apresentado maiores concentraÃÃes que o Pacoti em todas as campanhas e fraÃÃes, provavelmente relacionando o fÃsforo presente aos efluentes de carcinicultura. O fÃsforo no sedimento variou de 180,6 e 224,9 &#956;g de P/g para o TP na gamboa do Jaguaribe e na gamboa do Pacoti foi de 117,5 &#956;g de P/g, mostrando que as maiores concentraÃÃes de P no sedimento ocorreram na gamboa do Jaguaribe. Os fluxos de MPS (Flx MPS) variaram de 0 a 184,5 g.s-1, na primeira campanha na gamboa do Jaguaribe, 0 a 36,4 g.s-1, na gamboa do rio Pacoti e entre 0 e 836,5 g.s-1 na segunda campanha do Jaguaribe, onde, nesta, os valores foram quase uma ordem de grandeza maiores que na anterior e seu comportamento foi mais acentuado durante a marà vazante. O Flx D-PO4 na gamboa do rio Jaguaribe variou de 0 a 709 mg.s-1 e 0 a 9.113 mg.s- 1, enquanto que na gamboa do Pacoti variou de 0 a 13,4 mg.s-1. Para o Flx T-PO4, foi observada variaÃÃo de 0 a 1.248 mg.s-1 e de 0 a 11.065 mg.s-1 na gamboa do Jaguaribe, e de 0 a 295 mg.s-1 na gamboa do Pacoti, e o Flx Part-PO4 variou de 0 a 539 mg.s-1 e de 0 a 3.471 mg.s-1 para as campanhas do Jaguaribe, e de 0 a 281 mg.s-1 para a gamboa do Pacoti. O fluxo das fraÃÃes de P e do MPS estÃo estreitamente relacionados a velocidade da corrente. As estimativas de balanÃo de massa mostraram que o rio Jaguaribe retÃm tanto as fraÃÃes de fÃsforo quanto os teores de MPS, corroborando com a hipÃtese gerada por este trabalho. Entretanto, sua capacidade de suporte està diminuÃda em comparaÃÃo com os resultados de balanÃo encontrados para o rio Pacoti, que apresentou uma retenÃÃo de materiais bem mais significativa do que o rio Jaguaribe, caracterizando-o com uma grande capacidade de suporte. O rio Jaguaribe, por sua vez, provavelmente pode estar entrando em um processo de envelhecimento acelerado pela aÃÃo antrÃpica que causa impacto em suas Ãguas que esta diminuindo sua capacidade depuradora. / The mangrove forests stabilize the coastal erosion zone and act as a buffering between the continent and the sea. This forest presents high resilient degree, suggested to be used as marker of environmental changes. They play an important role in the energy flow and nutrients cycles. They are suffering with the growth of shrimp ponds. This tends to be responsible of causing serious environmental impacts, particularly in the northeast of Brazil and being associated with the emission of solids in suspension and nutrient in estuaries. The mangroves growth has a retention capacity capable to minimize the impact of the effluents that can be distinguished between areas being recognized contaminated and areas with natural characteristics, for that we were intended to test this capacity through the study of phosphorus and TSS mass balance in these estuaries. Sampling of water and sediment was in 2 campaigns: in the Jaguaribe creek (impacted) and in the Pacoti creek (natural) at tidal cycle. The parameters pH, OD, %OD, T, salinity and cond were measured in situ with portable multimode. TSS was obtained by gravimetric method (APHA, 2001). The fractions of phosphorus in water and in sediments were according to the Grasshoff et al. (1999). The TP extraction in sediment followed Berner & Rao (1994). The flow measures were calculated according to OVALLE et al (1990) and the estimate of the mass balance was obtained in simplified ways starting from the mass between the entrance processes to the agreement with the tide change. The hydrochemistry parameters showed the same for the two study areas, except for OD, that reached suboxic values for Jaguaribe creek. TSS varied between 23,1 and 172,9 mg.L-1 for two campaigns in the Jaguaribe creek and 23,5 and 97,7 mg.L-1 for the Pacoti creek, having been considered acceptable when compared the other works. The phosphate concentrations for Jaguaribe creek varied for D-PO4 between 2,1 and 6,5 &#956;M in Jaguaribe creek, and 0,1 and 0,9 &#956;M in Pacoti creek; for T-PO4 between 3,2 and 15,9 &#956;M for Jaguaribe creek and 2,9 to 7,3 &#956;M for Pacoti creek; and for Part-PO4, between 1,3 and 11,9 &#956;M for Jaguaribe creek and 2,8 to 7,7 &#956;M for Pacoti creek; tends Jaguaribe presented larger concentrations that Pacoti in all the campaigns and fractions, probably due to the effluents of shrimp pond. The phosphorus in the sediment varied from 180,6 to 224,9 &#956;g of P/g for TP in Jaguaribe creek and in Pacoti creek it was of 117,5 &#956;g of P/g, showing that the largest concentrations of P in the sediment happened in Jaguaribe. The flows of TSS (Flx TSS) varied from 0 to 184,5 g.s-1, in the first campaign in Jaguaribe creek, 0 to 36,4 g.s-1, in Pacoti creek and between 0 and 836,5 g.s-1 in the second campaign of Jaguaribe, where the values were almost an order of greatness larger than in the previous and your behavior was more accentuated during the ebb tide. Flx D-PO4 in Jaguaribe creek varied from 0 to 709 mg.s-1 and 0 to 9.113 mg.s-1, while in Pacoti creek it varied from 0 to 13,4 mg.s-1. To Flx T-PO4, variation was observed from 0 to 1.248 mg.s-1 and from 0 to 11.065 mg.s-1 in Jaguaribe creek, and from 0 to 295 mg.s-1 in Pacoti creek, and Flx Part-PO4 varied from 0 to 539 mg.s-1 and from 0 to 3.471 mg.s-1 for the campaigns of Jaguaribe, and from 0 to 281 mg.s-1 for Pacoti creek. The fluxes of the fractions of P and of TSS are much related with current speed. The estimates of mass balance showed that the river Jaguaribe retains the phosphorus fractions as much as the TSS, corroborating with the hypothesis generated by this work. However, their support capacity it is reduced in comparison with the balance results found for the river Pacoti that presented retention of materials much more significant than the creek in Jaguaribe River, characterizing him with a great support capacity. However, Jaguaribe River can probably be entering in an accelerated process of aging caused by the antrophic actions that impacts in its waters.