Orientador: Aarão Mendes Pinto Neto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T15:04:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_MariellaSilvade_M.pdf: 918679 bytes, checksum: 1516332440b4c03d917dccde332d75a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Objetivos: avaliar o conteúdo e qualidade científica de textos informativos sobre saúde da mulher apresentados em revistas semanais brasileiras. Métodos: pesquisa de corte transversal, a partir da coletânea de textos sobre saúde da mulher, difundidos pelas três revistas semanais do segmento atualidades (Veja, Época e IstoÉ), pelo período de um ano, entre agosto de 2005 e julho de 2006. Inicialmente, foi identificado o tema em saúde da mulher presente no texto jornalístico, como saúde reprodutiva, prevenção, riscos e cuidados, beleza e estética, sexualidade, saúde mental, violência, menopausa e saúde geral. Em seguida, outras variáveis foram identificadas, como o gênero informativo do texto, que poderia ser nota, notícia, reportagem ou entrevista; a presença de ilustração; o tipo de fonte que deu informações ao repórter, seja ela científica, empresarial, governamental e a região geográfica de origem da informação. Para avaliar a qualidade científica dos textos, 80 unidades foram analisadas de forma independente por dois médicos e dois jornalistas, através de questionário Index Of Scientific Quality, adaptado para o português e submetido à prova piloto e reteste. Após a análise dos textos, foi verificada a consistência interna dos itens do questionário (medida pelo alfa de Cronbach) e a concordância inter e intra-observador (através do índice Kappa) para cada um dos oito itens do questionário, que variam de um a cinco pontos e medem a aplicabilidade, opinião versus fato, validade, alcance, precisão, coerência, conseqüência e um item global, que resume os outros itens e cuja mediana foi considerada para avaliação da qualidade. Resultados: Foram coletados 987 textos sobre saúde, sendo que 14,8% deles foram classificados como textos sobre saúde da mulher. Houve predomínio do assunto saúde reprodutiva (26,7%) e gênero informativo nota (45,2%). O tema menos referido foi a menopausa, com 4,8% do total do espaço. A maioria dos textos foi ilustrada (87,7%), com fontes científicas (41,1%) e informações de origem internacional (41,1%). Ao buscar a qualidade científica dos textos foram encontradas medianas que variaram de 2 a 4 em sete itens do questionário sendo que a referente ao item global foi igual a três. A consistência interna dos itens do questionário variou entre 0,81 e 0,96. A concordância inter-avaliadores foi de - 0,03 a 0,48 e a intraobservador variou entre 0,27 e 0,34. (IC 95%). Conclusões: A saúde da mulher ocupou pouco espaço nas revistas semanais brasileiras de generalidades e apareceu mais relacionada a aspectos reprodutivos. Os itens do questionário mensuraram a qualidade científica de forma adequada, porém a baixa concordância inter e intra-observadores indica a necessidade de novos estudos para avaliar a versão brasileira do ISQ. A qualidade científica dos textos foi moderada. Palavras-chave: jornalismo científico, saúde da mulher, periódicos brasileiros, comunicação de massa e mulheres, saúde na comunicação de massa, saúde e qualidade de vida / Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the content and scientific quality of informative texts on women¿s health published in weekly Brazilian news magazines. Methods: A cross sectional study carried out by evaluating all the texts on women¿s health published in three weekly current affairs magazines (Veja, Época and Istoé) over a period of one year. Content was expressed as variables describing topics of women¿s health, e.g. reproductive health, prevention, risks and healthcare, beauty and esthetics, sexuality, mental health, menopause and general health; the format of the report, e.g. a brief note, headline, article or interview; whether it was illustrated; the source of information, e.g. whether scientific, commercial, governmental or other; and the geographical origin of the information. To evaluate the scientific quality of the texts, 80 units were independently analyzed by two physicians and two journalists using the Index of Scientific Quality (ISQ), adapted for use in Portuguese and submitted to a pilot test and retest. Following analysis of the texts, internal consistency was measured using Crombach¿s alpha, and inter- and intra-rater agreement using the Kappa index for each one of the eight items in the questionnaire. Items received from 1 to 5 points and measured applicability, opinion versus fact, validity, scope, precision, coherence and consequence, as well as providing an overall median that summarized the other items and represented an evaluation of quality. Results: A total of 146 texts on the subject of women¿s health were found, comprising 14.8% of the total space devoted to health in general. The most commonly reported subject was reproductive health (26.7%) in the format of a brief note (45.2%). The least common subject was menopause, comprising only 4.8% of the total space. Most of the reports were illustrated (87.7%), originated from scientific sources (41.1%) and were of international origin (41.1%). The scientific quality of the texts received a median score that ranged from 2 to 4 in seven items of the questionnaire, while the overall median score was 3. Internal consistency of the items in the questionnaire ranged from 0.81 to 0.96. Inter-rater agreement varied between -0.03 and 0.48, while intra-rater agreement ranged from 0.27 to 0.34 (95%CI). Conclusion: Little space is allocated to women¿s health in weekly news magazines and reports appear to be related predominantly to subjects concerning reproduction. The items comprising the questionnaire provide an adequate measurement of scientific quality; however, low inter- and intra-rater agreement indicates a need for further studies to evaluate the Brazilian version of the ISQ. The scientific quality of the texts was evaluated as moderate. Key words: scientific journalism; women¿s health; Brazilian journals; mass.media and women; health in mass media; health and quality of life / Mestrado / Tocoginecologia / Mestre em Tocoginecologia

In this minithesis I conduct a critical discourse analysis to take on a double-pronged task. On the one hand I explore the social phenomenon of the contestation between supporters of then-ANC deputy president Jacob Zuma and supporters of his rape accuser. The trial, which took place in the Johannesburg High Court between mid-February and early May 2006, stirred intense public interest, both locally and internationally. The performance of thousands of Zuma’s supporters and a far smaller number of gender rights lobby groups, both of whom kept a presence outside the court building throughout the trial, received similar attention. Second, I examine how the Sowetan, a national daily tabloid with a black, middle-class readership, mediated the trial through pictures of the theatre outside the court and letters to the editor. The study is informed by post-Marxist and cultural studies perspectives, both approaches that are concerned with issues of power, ideology and the circulation of meaning within specific sociocultural contexts. A rudimentary thematic content analysis draws out some of the main themes from the material, while the critical discourse analysis is located within a theoretical framework based on concepts from Laclau & Mouffe’s theory of meaning, which assumes a power struggle between contesting positions seeking to invalidate one another and to either challenge or support existing hegemonies. This is further informed by, first, Laclau’s theorisation of populism, which assumes that diverse groupings can unite under a demagogue’s banner in shared antagonism towards existing power, and second, by concepts from Mamdani’s theorisation of power and resistance in colonial and post-colonial Africa, which explicates three overarching ideological discourses of human rights, social justice and traditional ethnic practices. The study, then, explores how these three discourses were operationalised by the localised contestations over the trial.