Urban planning in Sweden goes back to a prolonged tradition, and even since the beginning of the 16th century there´s been general plans for urban planning for cities in Sweden. Nowadays every municipality has a directive from the government to establish or re-new the general master plan covering the whole municipality every 4th year. The aim of this paper is to illustrate and shed light on the extent for the planning document and guidelines, and how they change from every active period and in what extent the provisional planning reaches its visions regarding the outcome of the actual city growth. This study was completed by studying the position of every apartment building that’s been constructed for the chosen area over the years of 2000 - 2014 and draw comparisons between the current master plan main visions regarding constructions – and comparing the two separate visions to pin out the differences in the same subject. The result shows that there are some deviations from the plans but not as much as one would have thought in the city growth, and some deviations from the different planning documents. Some of the deviations was greater than others but overall the visions was about the same.

Acting within the context of multiple constraints (site, budget, brief, clients, users, public policy and regulation), the urban designer is required to respond to various and sometimes conflicting interests in “ ... the symbolic attempt to express urban meaning in certain urban forms.” (Castells, 1983). In this complex situation some design decisions are determined by the inherited context. However, when a decision cannot be determined this way the designer must make a judgement. These may be made arbitrarily, but it is more likely that the individual uses, for example, experience, education, episodic knowledge, currently accepted paradigms of the field, or theories in urban design to form the bases of judgements, and subscription to them may be explicit or implicit. The research question this thesis addresses is: ‘In which ways might theory be used in the individual design process of urban design?’ Its aim is to explore ways in which theories in urban design influence the process of urban design and the extent to which they may inform design decisions in addition to the other constraints which a designer must consider. The objectives are: to review literature about the relationship between theory and design; to examine the role of theory in the individual creative process of urban design; and to reflect on the process of design in order to conclude how it was informed by theory. A review of literature about the design process and urban design theory considers the current state of knowledge. This provides the context for the investigation. An appraisal of research by design methodologies identifies an approach based upon Donald Schön’s ‘The Reflective Practitioner’ (1983) as a suitable means to address the aims of this research: This is executed through the generation of an urban design and accompanying commentary which records the design activity, followed by an analysis of and reflection on the design and commentary offering insights into the use of theory within the process. Since the research did not require a specific location for the design, a number of alternatives were considered. Croydon (in Greater London) was selected as a place with sufficient scope for an urban design intervention due to the current proposals being pursued by the local authority and the opportunities for redevelopment. The design process is in three sequential parts: a socio-economic, cultural and physical site evaluation; a development framework which is primarily two-dimensional and textual; and a masterplan which is a predominantly three-dimensional, short to medium term spatial possibility for part of the framework area. The commentary that accompanies the design process details each step in the process to build an evidence base of design activity. This describes the actions undertaken and the reasons for those actions. Each entry is then analysed retrospectively according to four categories determined by the interests of the research aim: the type of design activity; the type of influence acting upon it; whether this influence is explicit or implicit; and, where theory appears to have been an influence, what type of theory. Reflection on the urban design, commentary and analysis appears to indicate that theory’s influence in the creative process of urban design is distinctive, although it is subservient to a variety of other influences. Apparently, the more conceptual and strategic the stage of design, the more extensive and explicit theory’s influence is. It appears that in a conscious manner, a theory’s principles can be employed directly or interpreted in a new scenario. Conversely, the more spatial and detailed the stage of design, the more tacit and fragmented theory’s involvement appears to be. It is often implicit, embedded within the guiding principles that the individual designer exercises when generating and evaluating ideas, evidenced in the thought processes and decisions that are made. While these findings are specific to an individual and the way that individual designs and evaluates the design process, they do confirm the use of theory in the urban design process and may act as indicators of trends in the relationship between theory and practice in urban design.

Over the past decade, the demand for student housing in the Hatfield Student Village, situated between the Hatfield and Hillcrest campuses of the University of Pretoria, has grown to a point, where the demand greatly overshadows the supply. Local developers, who recognised the need for housing among students, have made great progress in filling this gap. It has come to a point, where the University of Pretoria has the second largest supply of student housing in South Africa, after the University of Cape Town. This study has sought to determine whether there is still development potential for student housing in the Hatfield area, and also to develop a 10-year masterplan for the future development of accommodation in the Hatfield and Hillcrest areas. Prominent development companies in the student-housing industry were contacted; and interviews were conducted with 8 high-ranking individuals in 8 different companies. The interviews determined the developers’ appetites for the further development of student accommodation in an area, which is already highly competitive. Interviews were also conducted with various role-players in Hatfield, such as the CEO of Hatfield CID, as well as prominent Estate Agents working in the area. Further data were collected on the various occupancy levels in the existing student accommodation, in order to determine the need for future development. The results showed that developers have developed the area to supply about 11 315 beds to the market. With 4 178 beds in line to enter the market within the next 5 to 10 years, the supply will be much larger than the demand. Opportunity must be given to the economy to recover; and thereafter, further development of student accommodation must concentrate on providing units for low-income students. A 10-year masterplan, divided into short-, medium- and long-term time periods, provides a potential road-map to follow, for the future of student accommodation in the Hatfield Student Village. The plan elaborates on future development and the type of development, which would ensure a successful student community for the University of Pretoria. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Construction Economics / MSc (Real Estate) / Unrestricted

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Hintergrund und Ziel: Der Mehrwert eines neuen Konzepts für die Seminare mit klinischem Bezug im Fach Anatomie im Vergleich zu dem der Vorjahre wurde ermittelt. Im Wesentlichen ging es um die Frage, wie es am besten möglich ist, eine Brücke zwischen dem vorklinischen und dem klinischen Teil der humanmedizinischen Ausbildung zu schlagen. Hintergrund sind die zentralen Vorgaben klinik-orientiert zu unterrichten, insbesondere hinsichtlich des Masterplans Medizinstudium 2020. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse sollen dazu beitragen, klinische Bezüge in der anatomischen Lehre curricular zu verankern. Methode: Teilnehmer der Studie waren insgesamt 316 Studierende aus der Ziel- (2016/2017) und 307 Studierende aus der Vergleichsgruppe (2011/2013/2015) Humanmedizin im 4. Semester. Die Studie bestand aus drei Etappen: 1. Erarbeitung des Konzepts und geeigneter Fragebögen. 2. Papierbasierte Datenerhebung in den Sommersemestern 2016 und 2017. 3. Vergleich von Ziel- und Kontrollgruppe mit geeigneten statistischen Verfahren. Ergebnisse: Qualitätskriterien wie Nutzen der klinischen Beispiele, Klarheit und Gliederung des Lehrstoffes sowie praktische Arbeit wurden in der Zielgruppe besser bewertet. Insgesamt fiel die Benotung noch besser bei den Studierenden aus, die bereits eine medizinische Ausbildung durchlaufen hatten. Schlussfolgerung: Optimierungsbedarf besteht hinsichtlich der Anpassung der klinischen Lehrinhalte an den aktuellen Wissensstand der Studierenden.

Project points out possible methods of urbanistic and architectural work with panel housing estates, on specific example of Petržalka housing estate in Bratislava. Next to the possible alternatives of solution, which is this diploma project bringing on the table, its main importance is to move forward the thinking about panel housing estates, asking questions concerning our surrounding, and to discuss the future of environment we live in.

Since the undertaking of urban planning as a prescriptive discipline, landscape projects have demonstrated their ability to integrate valuable cultural spaces with the construction of complex infrastructural systems, including systems that manage urban waste outflows. By the twenty-first century, urban planners have been tasked with the reclamation of derelict post-industrial sites and their abandoned infrastructural networks. The reclamation of these sites typically deploys complex operations in order to salvage and recycle valuable materials. These operations are also tasked with the disposal, stabilization or treatment of hazardous waste, contaminated soils and waterborne pollutants. Urban practitioners and theorists increasingly recognize the suitability of landscape as an interdisciplinary medium to expedite the reurbanization of these sites, assembling expertise from multiple engineering disciplines, horticultural and zoological science, and architectural design. The thesis proposition is a masterplan for the post-industrial Lachine Canal in Montréal, Québec. The masterplan integrates government plans to rehabilitate aging highway infrastructure through the adjacent, now defunct Turcot Rail Yard. Using the analytical mappings defined by Alan Berger in Drosscsape and Pierre Belanger’s “infrastructural landscapes” as a point of departure, the masterplan outlines a strategy to coordinate emergent waste diversion industries along the canal. Proposed interventions include a hybridized infrastructural landscape upon the abandoned rail yard to manage municipal organic waste, the effluents of brownfield reclamation, and construction debris. The application of phytoremediation landfarming and constructed wetlands comprise new landscapes that facilitate decontamination of existing brownfields along the Canal, promoting their reintegration with the surrounding urban environment. The thesis illustrates a speculative evolution of the site as an adaptively managed landscape, valued for its diverse biological wildlife habitat and for its recreational use by the citizens of Montréal.

Since the undertaking of urban planning as a prescriptive discipline, landscape projects have demonstrated their ability to integrate valuable cultural spaces with the construction of complex infrastructural systems, including systems that manage urban waste outflows. By the twenty-first century, urban planners have been tasked with the reclamation of derelict post-industrial sites and their abandoned infrastructural networks. The reclamation of these sites typically deploys complex operations in order to salvage and recycle valuable materials. These operations are also tasked with the disposal, stabilization or treatment of hazardous waste, contaminated soils and waterborne pollutants. Urban practitioners and theorists increasingly recognize the suitability of landscape as an interdisciplinary medium to expedite the reurbanization of these sites, assembling expertise from multiple engineering disciplines, horticultural and zoological science, and architectural design. The thesis proposition is a masterplan for the post-industrial Lachine Canal in Montréal, Québec. The masterplan integrates government plans to rehabilitate aging highway infrastructure through the adjacent, now defunct Turcot Rail Yard. Using the analytical mappings defined by Alan Berger in Drosscsape and Pierre Belanger’s “infrastructural landscapes” as a point of departure, the masterplan outlines a strategy to coordinate emergent waste diversion industries along the canal. Proposed interventions include a hybridized infrastructural landscape upon the abandoned rail yard to manage municipal organic waste, the effluents of brownfield reclamation, and construction debris. The application of phytoremediation landfarming and constructed wetlands comprise new landscapes that facilitate decontamination of existing brownfields along the Canal, promoting their reintegration with the surrounding urban environment. The thesis illustrates a speculative evolution of the site as an adaptively managed landscape, valued for its diverse biological wildlife habitat and for its recreational use by the citizens of Montréal.

A pesquisa faz um levantamento dos sistemas de iluminação urbana e de fachadas atualmente instalados ao longo dos calçadões do Centro histórico de São Paulo, também chamado de Triângulo, qualificando-os segundo suas influências no modo como o pedestre entende o entorno e reconhece seus elementos, assim como o seu potencial convidativo em relação à utilização do espaço. A partir destes dados e discutindo o potencial que a luz possui para redefinir as referências espaciais na paisagem da cidade e influenciar o modo como o observador entende a arquitetura, o trabalho apresenta um conjunto de estratégias relacionadas a um plano diretor de iluminação urbana para o Triângulo, capaz de promover a melhoria do espaço urbano no período noturno e auxiliar o resgate da memória paulistana, explorando o uso do local e valorizando seus monumentos arquitetônicos. / This paper analyses the urban lighting system in addition to façade and street lighting installed on the streets of the historic downtown São Paulo, area also known as Triangle. It also verifies the lighting elements, considering the environment as well as its inviting potential in relation to its use. Based on the aspects of how lighting can improve overall appearance of a city or region, how it can redefine references of its landscape and influence the way a pedestrian perceives his/her surroundings some strategies of an urban lighting master plan will be shown as a way to improve the public space of the Triangle at night and preserve its historical landmarks driving more people to the premises and emphasizing its heritage.

A pesquisa faz um levantamento dos sistemas de iluminação urbana e de fachadas atualmente instalados ao longo dos calçadões do Centro histórico de São Paulo, também chamado de Triângulo, qualificando-os segundo suas influências no modo como o pedestre entende o entorno e reconhece seus elementos, assim como o seu potencial convidativo em relação à utilização do espaço. A partir destes dados e discutindo o potencial que a luz possui para redefinir as referências espaciais na paisagem da cidade e influenciar o modo como o observador entende a arquitetura, o trabalho apresenta um conjunto de estratégias relacionadas a um plano diretor de iluminação urbana para o Triângulo, capaz de promover a melhoria do espaço urbano no período noturno e auxiliar o resgate da memória paulistana, explorando o uso do local e valorizando seus monumentos arquitetônicos. / This paper analyses the urban lighting system in addition to façade and street lighting installed on the streets of the historic downtown São Paulo, area also known as Triangle. It also verifies the lighting elements, considering the environment as well as its inviting potential in relation to its use. Based on the aspects of how lighting can improve overall appearance of a city or region, how it can redefine references of its landscape and influence the way a pedestrian perceives his/her surroundings some strategies of an urban lighting master plan will be shown as a way to improve the public space of the Triangle at night and preserve its historical landmarks driving more people to the premises and emphasizing its heritage.