This thesis examines the role of the household in the social history of Sto:lo society, and specifically its role in the development of social complexity. Based on the archaeological house remains from the Scowlitz site, this research proposes a model for household archaeology in the Fraser Valley as an independent line of evidence to investigate the emergence of Sto:lo social complexity. The primary assumption of this research is that the physical structure of the house itself is an accurate representation of its social counterpart, the household. Ethnohistorical and ethnographic data demonstrate that Sto:lo house size and architectural design relate to the size, status, and socio-economic behaviour of households. This thesis applies the model of household archaeology to the Scowlitz data and specifically questions how house size and architectural design change through time, and what these changes may indicate about the evolution of Sto:lo society. Structural features from four superimposed houses at the site document a general increase in house size over the past 3000 years, concurrent with increasingly greater investment being placed in house construction. These changes appear to correspond to transformations in the social and economic organization of ancient Sto:lo society, however future research is necessary to build on the Scowlitz material, and further define the relationship between house form, the household, and social change. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

Orientador: Pedro Paulo Abreu Funari / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:09:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_AlineVieirade_M.pdf: 651766 bytes, checksum: a260c3b8c0eaa4391ae25985384dc116 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: : A presente pesquisa buscou apresentar quais as concepções de Arqueologia foram articuladas na Serra da Barriga e quais representações foram arquitetadas, no interior dessas teorias, para o assentamento quilombola. Esse exercício de apresentação tem como objetivo pavimentar caminhos para a construção de reflexões acerca da relação entre Arqueologia, identidade e política, além de possibilitar algumas sugestões para o futuro da disciplina / Abstract: The study aims at discussing the archaelogical interpretive frameworks used to understand Potbelly Hill (Serra da Barriga), the large 17th c. maroon. This interpretive exercise aims also at discussing the relationship between archaeology, identity building and politics, as well as fostering new avenues for the development of the discipline itself / Mestrado / Historia Cultural / Mestre em História

Orientador: Leila Mezan Algranti / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T16:54:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guido_LigiaSouza_M.pdf: 2943487 bytes, checksum: f5dbbe572530981d479fcc1e99cdfa91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O presente trabalho dedica-se ao estudo das roupas nas dimensões material e simbólica no período que corresponde ao crescimento da produção açucareira e da consolidação do núcleo urbano da vila de Itu, capitania de São Paulo, entre 1765 e 1808. A aparência dos indivíduos em uma sociedade com características de Antigo Regime aliada a presença da escravidão consistia em um elemento importante de identificação e ordenamento social. A materialidade é compreendida através da descrição e da valoração atribuídas aos artefatos têxteis descritos principalmente nos arrolamentos de bens dos inventários post-mortem. Procedemos ao levantamento de informações complementares sobre os indivíduos junto aos Maços de População (censos) e em trabalhos de genealogia. Também coletamos dados sobre as importações de produtos realizadas pela de vila de Itu nos Mapas de Importação, relação pertencente aos Maços de População. Através dos bens descritos na documentação de quarenta e quatro inventariados que residiam na vila de Itu, foi possível montar um quadro da composição material dos bens dos indivíduos e seus domicílios, vislumbrando suas fontes de rendas, seus espaços de trabalho, de moradia, bem como os objetos que compunham os seus pertences. No momento em que os bens eram divididos entre os herdeiros, os objetos ou a quantia referente aos dotes ou adiantamentos de heranças eram mencionados, evidenciando assim, a circulação de bens promovida em vida e após o falecimento de um dos genitores. Além dos inventários da vila de Itu, foram consultados vinte e quatro inventários póstumos da cidade de Lisboa, referentes aos mesmos anos da amostra ituana, para efeito de comparação entre os padrões metropolitanos e coloniais de tipos de roupas, tecidos e adereços em circulação antes da abertura dos portos brasileiros em 1808 / Abstract: This work is dedicated to the study of clothing considering both material and symbolic dimensions in the period that corresponds to the growth of sugar production and to the consolidation of the urban nucleus of the small town Itu, captaincy of São Paulo, between 1765 and 1808. The appearance of the individuals in a society during the so-called Old Regime, combined with the presence of slavery was an important element of identification and social ranking. Materiality is understood from the description and the rating assigned to the textile articles described mainly in listing of goods of post-mortem inventories. The survey was conducted for further information on individuals from the Maços de População (census) and genealogy work. We also collected data on imports of products made by the Itu village next to the Mapas de Importação, this relationship belonging to the Maços de População. Through the goods described in the documentation of forty-four inventoried residing in small town Itu, it was possible to assemble a picture of the material composition of the assets of individuals and their homes, seeing their sources of income, their workspaces, housing and the objects that made up their belongings. By the time the goods were divided among the heirs, the objects or the amount related to gifts or inheritances of advances were mentioned, thus underlining the movement of goods promoted in life and after the death of a parent. Besides the inventories from Itu, nineteen posthumous inventories of Lisbon were consulted, relating to the same years of Ituana sample for comparison between metropolitan and colonial patterns of kinds of garments, fabrics and accessories in circulation before the opening of Brazilian ports in 1808 / Mestrado / Politica, Memoria e Cidade / Mestra em História

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African Americans living in the small community of Parting Ways, near Plymouth, Massachusetts, realized their newly achieved independence through the construction of homeplace using the material culture of respectability and socioeconomic integration into the community. I expand upon a previous study of this community, which identified evidence that the former slaves retained African cultural traditions, to analyze material evidence of consumption and subsistence. This study reveals that African Americans living at Parting Ways crafted identities that emphasized independence, refinement, and respectability despite living in a society that stereotyped African Americans as dependent members incapable of full social participation. The archaeological data come from five seasons of excavation, 1975-1978 and 1989, on the properties of two African-American families who lived at Parting Ways. I situate the artifacts together with deed, probate, court, town, and census records to construct a detailed historical context in which to interpret the material practice of daily life, identity creation, and community formation. Paternalism and dependence, features of slavery in New England, continued after emancipation and were seen at Parting Ways through the actions of town leaders who permitted the families to build houses on public lands and also assumed legal and financial guardianship of the families. Within their homes, however, the families participated in the material culture of respectability through the rituals of tea drinking, refined dining, formal clothing, and the use of orthodox medicines. The records reveal that they also participated actively in the town's economic life by exchanging their manual labor for agriculture products like cattle heads and feet. Through their household goods, their customs, and their labor, these families embodied respectability, integrated themselves into the community, and constructed a homeplace--a place of refuge, family building, and identity formation. At Parting Ways, African-Americans worked to negate the implications of their continued dependence on town leaders by developing individual personas that espoused the values of independence, freedom, refinement, and family unity - and in so doing defined their own participation in Plymouth, and American, society.

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The desire to attach identities (e.g. ethnic, gender, race, class, nationality etc.) to material culture has always featured at the core of archaeological inquiry. Archaeologists share the view that material culture is an active cultural agent that can reflect complex ideas that operated in the minds of prehistoric agents when carefully examined. These ideas were often shaped by dynamic social interactions and they sometimes manifested through stylistic patterns or material culture variation at archaeological sites. In Zimbabwe, various archaeological identities have been defined but Rozvi identities remain the most problematic. This study, therefore, revisits the Rozvi subject in the light of contemporary ideas on ethnicity, agency and material culture. Rozvi identities are probed from material culture at Khami and Danamombe sites, which are also linked with the Torwa historically, thus historical archaeology largely informs this investigation. Through documentary and fieldwork research results, I found that Rozvi identity construction processes were extremely fluid and sophisticated. Diverse elements of culture (both tangible and intangible) were situationally invoked to mark Rozvi ethnic boundaries. Whilst ceramics at Khami were diverse and complex, Danamombe pottery became more simple, less diverse or homogenous. Polychrome band and panel ware however still occurred at Danamombe, but in very restricted numbers. Perhaps the production and distribution of polychrome wares was controlled by Rozvi elites as part of their ideology and power structures. On the contrary, beads, dry-stone walls, and status symbols became more diversified at Danamombe than at Khami. However, Dhaka structures show no difference between the two research sites, where mundane stylistic differences manifesting at Danamombe, the former Rozvi capital, are perceived as demonstrative of ethnic objectification. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Anthropology and Archaeology / unrestricted

This thesis unravels the deeper meanings attributed to ordinary objects, such as clothing and food, in thirteenth-century Icelandic literature and legal records. I argue that women weaponized these ordinary objects to circumvent their social and legal disadvantages by performing acts that medieval Icelandic society deemed masculine. By comparing various literary sources, however, I show that medieval Icelandic society gradually redefined and questioned the acceptability of that behavior, especially during the thirteenth-century. This is particularly evident in the late thirteenth-century Njal’s Saga, wherein a woman named Hallgerd has been villainized for stealing cheese from a troublesome neighbor. If Hallgerd were a man, this behavior would have been considered rán, which was a masculine act whereby men challenged one another to take things by force. As a woman, however, Hallgerd’s clever use of ordinary objects was unsettling to men; her act, although mirroring the masculine expectations of rán, has been condemned by the author. Thus, by emphasizing the anxieties of men regarding such behavior, it is evident that later male authors, particularly those writing from the late thirteenth century onwards, considered this behavior as preventing society’s progression away from extra-legal conflict resolution. In doing so, the author of Njal’s Saga demonstrated that both women and men were aware of the power that these ordinary objects had in the hands of ambitious women, as well as how potentially dangerous and harmful to society they could be.

The "New Media at School" diploma thesis focuses on the presence of new media at school and on the meanings and practices associated with it. Based on participatory observation in Prague high school, semi-structured interviews and Internet resources analysis, it tries to understand how new media are involved in shaping the space and organization of the school, its teaching and learning organization. It focuses on how the school seeks to cope with the arrival of these expensive facilities for which it is responsible.It alsonotices how the school seeks to cope with the penetration of the different spaces that the new media bring into its hitherto closed environment. At the same time, it points to ways in which the school itself crosses its borders, the time-space of disciplination. Finally, it monitors the impact of new media on relationships within the school, between teachers and pupils, but also within the peer group. Through these meanings and practices, it points to the dilemmas that the emergence of new media has brought to the school environment, and analyzes how new media allows pupils to face this disciplination pressure in the school, and vice versa, in what moments new media themselves take disciplination into their own hands. The new media is not perceived as passive tools, but as actors...

Bibliography: pages 221-235. / The main object of study in this thesis is the architectural tradition commonly known as "Cape Dutch". The aim is to make sense of this architecture by answering questions about its coming into being, the people who created it, and their reasons for doing so. Contrary to the suggestions of most existing works on Cape Dutch architecture, an earlier substantial form of domestic architecture, which resembled the town houses of the Netherlands, underlies the tradition. Analysis of existing literature, archaeological excavation, and inventories, indicates that gradual changes towards the basic traditional form during the first decades of the eighteenth century took a dramatic leap during the 1730s. Moving away from the shapes of the dwellings to the people who changed them involves a major theoretical shift, away from formalism towards poststructuralist theory: discourse theory, literary criticism, feminism. These frameworks enable me to identify contradictions underlying historical events; to deconstruct documents, thus revealing their rhetorical devices for constituting subjectivities and establishing social hierarchies; and to see the architecture as a body of works or texts - a discourse. From 1657 free burghers were given land to farm independently. These farmers were an anomalous group whose view of themselves no longer coincided with the lesser subjectivities structured for them by Dutch East India Company (VOC) documents. Together the latter constituted a discourse of domination against which the anomalous group, in the process of establishing new identities for themselves, developed a discourse of resistance. Since the VOC maintained a strict monopoly over the word, the discourse of discontent was manifested in other forms of inscription, most notably in free burgher architecture. Using a particular type of gender theory, it becomes possible to envisage the two discourses in conversation with each other. The theoretical component of the thesis involves, first, writing historical archaeology into the gaps of existing post-structuralist perspectives which were not designed for archaeology; second, demonstrating the two discourses at work in the practice of their everyday existence by the people concerned.