Global ETD Search

31	Desenvolvimento de senso crítico, analítico e científico em alunos participantes de clube de ciências Grein, Adriane Cristina Veigantes 30 May 2014 (has links) Acompanha: Sugestão de roteiro de atividades para o clube de ciências / A participação dos alunos em um Clube de Ciências representa uma oportunidade de desenvolver sua curiosidade e seu espírito científico. Para o professor, representa a possibilidade de realizar diversos projetos e temas que, muitas vezes, a rigidez curricular não favorece. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre o desenvolvimento crítico, analítico e científico de alunos dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental do Colégio Estadual Olavo Bilac, de Cantagalo – PR, por sua participação em um Clube de Ciências. Este Clube funciona na referida escola, atendendo ao Programa de Atividade Complementar Curricular em Contraturno da Secretaria de Estado da Educação. A pesquisa desenvolvida no Clube de Ciências utilizou atividades variadas, como trabalhos em grupo, apresentações de vídeos, realização de experimentos e uso da rede mundial de computadores (internet). Apresenta-se no texto desta dissertação o que são os Clubes de Ciências e qual é sua função e importância para o ensino das disciplinas, levando em conta a Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa. Também faz-se uma abordagem sobre a interdisciplinaridade e a importância da experimentação. O tema escolhido para o estudo foi Análise de Materiais, numa perspectiva de sustentabilidade. Os materiais analisados foram papel, vidro, plástico e metal. A pesquisa foi qualitativa na modalidade pesquisa participante. Os dados foram coletados através da aplicação de um questionário antes da realização das atividades e outro depois. A análise das respostas preliminares revelou pouco conhecimento e vocabulário científico, além de uma crítica moderada e carente de argumentos e pouco analíticas quanto à origem e tipo de materiais que eles conheciam. O questionário final permitiu verificar que o Clube contribuiu para o desenvolvimento dos alunos numa perspectiva de interdisciplinaridade e aprendizagem significativa, através de mudanças no pensamento e nas atitudes dos participantes. / The participation of students in Science Clubs, is an opportunity to develop their curiosity and Science spirit. To the teacher is a possibility to develop several projects and themes, which inflexible curricula sometimes would not allow. This work presents a study of the critical, analytic and scientific development of the students from final grades of Elementary School from Olavo Bilac School in Cantagalo – PR, for their participation in a Science Club. This club is in the mentioned school, and attends the Program of Complementary Course in After School Activities, of the State Department of Education. The research conducted at the Science Club, have used several activities, such as group work, video presentations, conduction of experiments and the use of world wide web. In the dissertation of this work, it has presented what a Science Club is and means, and which is its role, and importance to the teaching of subjects, taking into account the Theory of Meaningful Learning. In addition, it is conducted an approach about interdisciplinary and the importance of experimentation. The theme chosen for study was Material Analysis in a sustainable perspective. The materials analyzed were paper, glass, plastic and metal in a qualitative way and participant research. Data were collected through a questionnaire before carrying out the activities and another after. A preliminary analysis of the responses revealed little knowledge and scientific vocabulary as well as a moderate and lacking critical arguments, and little analytical about the origin and type of materials they knew. The final questionnaire has shown that the Club has contributed to the development of students in an interdisciplinary perspective and meaningful learning through changes in thinking and attitudes of the participants. Clubes de ciência Educação não-formal Aprendizagem Prática de ensino Materiais - Análise Desenvolvimento sustentável Tecnologia educacional Ciência - Estudo e ensino Science clubs Non-formal education Learning Student teaching Materials - Analysis Sustainable development Interdisciplinary approach in education Educational technology Science - Study and teaching
32	Desenvolvimento de senso crítico, analítico e científico em alunos participantes de clube de ciências Grein, Adriane Cristina Veigantes 30 May 2014 (has links) Acompanha: Sugestão de roteiro de atividades para o clube de ciências / A participação dos alunos em um Clube de Ciências representa uma oportunidade de desenvolver sua curiosidade e seu espírito científico. Para o professor, representa a possibilidade de realizar diversos projetos e temas que, muitas vezes, a rigidez curricular não favorece. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre o desenvolvimento crítico, analítico e científico de alunos dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental do Colégio Estadual Olavo Bilac, de Cantagalo – PR, por sua participação em um Clube de Ciências. Este Clube funciona na referida escola, atendendo ao Programa de Atividade Complementar Curricular em Contraturno da Secretaria de Estado da Educação. A pesquisa desenvolvida no Clube de Ciências utilizou atividades variadas, como trabalhos em grupo, apresentações de vídeos, realização de experimentos e uso da rede mundial de computadores (internet). Apresenta-se no texto desta dissertação o que são os Clubes de Ciências e qual é sua função e importância para o ensino das disciplinas, levando em conta a Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa. Também faz-se uma abordagem sobre a interdisciplinaridade e a importância da experimentação. O tema escolhido para o estudo foi Análise de Materiais, numa perspectiva de sustentabilidade. Os materiais analisados foram papel, vidro, plástico e metal. A pesquisa foi qualitativa na modalidade pesquisa participante. Os dados foram coletados através da aplicação de um questionário antes da realização das atividades e outro depois. A análise das respostas preliminares revelou pouco conhecimento e vocabulário científico, além de uma crítica moderada e carente de argumentos e pouco analíticas quanto à origem e tipo de materiais que eles conheciam. O questionário final permitiu verificar que o Clube contribuiu para o desenvolvimento dos alunos numa perspectiva de interdisciplinaridade e aprendizagem significativa, através de mudanças no pensamento e nas atitudes dos participantes. / The participation of students in Science Clubs, is an opportunity to develop their curiosity and Science spirit. To the teacher is a possibility to develop several projects and themes, which inflexible curricula sometimes would not allow. This work presents a study of the critical, analytic and scientific development of the students from final grades of Elementary School from Olavo Bilac School in Cantagalo – PR, for their participation in a Science Club. This club is in the mentioned school, and attends the Program of Complementary Course in After School Activities, of the State Department of Education. The research conducted at the Science Club, have used several activities, such as group work, video presentations, conduction of experiments and the use of world wide web. In the dissertation of this work, it has presented what a Science Club is and means, and which is its role, and importance to the teaching of subjects, taking into account the Theory of Meaningful Learning. In addition, it is conducted an approach about interdisciplinary and the importance of experimentation. The theme chosen for study was Material Analysis in a sustainable perspective. The materials analyzed were paper, glass, plastic and metal in a qualitative way and participant research. Data were collected through a questionnaire before carrying out the activities and another after. A preliminary analysis of the responses revealed little knowledge and scientific vocabulary as well as a moderate and lacking critical arguments, and little analytical about the origin and type of materials they knew. The final questionnaire has shown that the Club has contributed to the development of students in an interdisciplinary perspective and meaningful learning through changes in thinking and attitudes of the participants. Clubes de ciência Educação não-formal Aprendizagem Prática de ensino Materiais - Análise Desenvolvimento sustentável Tecnologia educacional Ciência - Estudo e ensino Science clubs Non-formal education Learning Student teaching Materials - Analysis Sustainable development Interdisciplinary approach in education Educational technology Science - Study and teaching
33	Concurrent topology optimization of structures and materials Liu, Kai 11 December 2013 (has links) Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Topology optimization allows designers to obtain lightweight structures considering the binary distribution of a solid material. The introduction of cellular material models in topology optimization allows designers to achieve significant weight reductions in structural applications. However, the traditional topology optimization method is challenged by the use of cellular materials. Furthermore, increased material savings and performance can be achieved if the material and the structure topologies are concurrently designed. Hence, multi-scale topology optimization methodologies are introduced to fulfill this goal. The objective of this investigation is to discuss and compare the design methodologies to obtaining optimal macro-scale structures and the corresponding optimal meso-scale material designs in continuum design domains. These approaches make use of homogenization theory to establish communication bridges between both material and structural scales. The periodicity constraint makes such cellular materials manufacturable while relaxing the periodicity constraint to achieve major improvements of structural performance. Penalization methods are used to obtain binary solutions in both scales. The proposed methodologies are demonstrated in the design of stiff structure and compliant mechanism synthesis. The multiscale results are compared with the traditional structural-level designs in the context of Pareto solutions, demonstrating benefits of ultra-lightweight configurations. Errors involved in the mult-scale topology optimization procedure are also discussed. Errors are mainly classified as mesh refinement errors and homogenization errors. Comparisons between the multi-level designs and uni-level designs of solid structures, structures using periodic cellular materials and non-periodic cellular materials are provided. Error quantifications also indicate the superiority of using non-periodic cellular materials rather than periodic cellular materials. Topology Optimization multi-scale hierarchical structure design material design Structural optimization -- Research Topology Mathematical optimization -- Analysis Materials -- Mathematical models Multiscale modeling Materials -- Analysis Lightweight construction -- Research Structural design -- Analysis
34	A high resolution 3D and color image acquisition system for long and shallow impressions in crime scenes Egoda Gamage, Ruwan Janapriya January 2014 (has links) Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / In crime scene investigations it is necessary to capture images of impression evidence such as tire track or shoe impressions. Currently, such evidence is captured by taking two-dimensional (2D) color photographs or making a physical cast of the impression in order to capture the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the information. This project aims to build a digitizing device that scans the impression evidence and generates (i) a high resolution three-dimensional (3D) surface image, and (ii) a co-registered two-dimensional (2D) color image. The method is based on active structured lighting methods in order to extract 3D shape information of a surface. A prototype device was built that uses an assembly of two line laser lights and a high-definition video camera that is moved at a precisely controlled and constant speed along a mechanical actuator rail in order to scan the evidence. A prototype software was also developed which implements the image processing, calibration, and surface depth calculations. The methods developed in this project for extracting the digitized 3D surface shape and 2D color images include (i) a self-contained calibration method that eliminates the need for pre-calibration of the device; (ii) the use of two colored line laser lights projected from two different angles to eliminate problems due to occlusions; and (iii) the extraction of high resolution color image of the impression evidence with minimal distortion.The system results in sub-millimeter accuracy in the depth image and a high resolution color image that is registered with the depth image. The system is particularly suitable for high quality images of long tire track impressions without the need for stitching multiple images. 3D image capture footprint impression acquisition forensics structured light tire impression acquisition High resolution imaging Images, Photographic Lasers Computer vision -- Research Lighting -- Research -- Design Three-dimensional display systems Image processing -- Digital techniques Materials -- Analysis -- Data processing Quality control -- Optical methods Footwear -- Identification Tires -- Identification Optical pattern recognition Forensic sciences Crime scene searches
35	Les « modèles » égyptiens en bois : matériau, fabrication, diffusion, de la fin de l’Ancien à la fin du Moyen Empire (env. 2350-1630 av. J.-C) / Egyptian Wooden Models : materials, manufacturing, spread, from the End of the Old Kingdom to the End of the Middle Kingdom (circ. 2350-1630 BC) Eschenbrenner-Diemer, Gersande 20 December 2013 (has links) Le premier volume est consacré à l’analyse des matériaux et des techniques utilisées pour la fabrication des « modèles » funéraires, c’est-à-dire, les maquettes en bois représentant des personnages ou des scènes de la vie quotidienne, typiques du mobilier funéraire des élites entre la fin de l’Ancien et la fin du Moyen Empire (env. 2350-1630 av. J.-C.). Dans une première partie, axée sur le matériel provenant des sites de Saqqâra, Assiout et Meir, les traits stylistiques et techniques ont été examinés afin de définir des groupes d’objets et identifier des ateliers de production. Des critères de datation ont ensuite été définis et comparés aux autres pièces du mobilier funéraire découverts dans les sépultures étudiées. Suivant un déroulé chronologique depuis la fin de l’Ancien Empire, la deuxième partie se concentre sur les ateliers de fabrication et les contacts interrégionaux. Une attention particulière est portée au rapport qui unit pouvoir royal, élites et artisans au travers de l’envoi d’équipements funéraires et plus particulièrement des modèles en bois découverts de la région memphite à la Haute-Égypte. La troisième partie s’intéresse aux fonctions sociales, économiques et religieuses des modèles et examine plus particulièrement le rapport étroit qui unit ce mobilier et les pratiques funéraires entre la fin de l’Ancien et la fin du Moyen Empire. Le deuxième volume présente le corpus des modèles en bois examinés. Un troisième volume est consacré aux annexes.L’examen des modèles en bois, significatif de profonds changements politiques et religieux à l’origine de nouvelles coutumes et croyances funéraires entre la VIème et la XIIIème dynastie, précise le contexte géographique, historique et social associé à la fabrication et à l’utilisation de ce mobilier et permet d’affiner la perception du rapport entre artisans et pouvoir, rapport omniprésent dans la société égyptienne antique dès la période prédynastique. / The first part focuses on material analysis and process use for the manufacturing of funerary “models”. These wooden objects represent people or everyday scenes of life, used by Egyptian elites for funeral furniture between the end of the Old Kingdom to the end of the Middle Kingdom (cir. 2350-1630 BC). In a first part, focused on objects from Saqqara, Assiut and Meir, the stylistic and technical features were examined to define groups of objects and workshops. Then, dating criteria were defined and compared with the funeral furniture discovered in the studied graves. According to one unwound chronological since the end of the Old Kingdom, the second part concentrates on workshops and interregional contacts. A particular attention is worn in the relationship between royal power, elites and craftsmen through the sending of funeral equipment and more particularly bare wooden models of the Memphite area to the Upper Egypt. The third part is interested in the social, economic and religious functions of the models and examines more particularly the narrow relationship which unites this furniture and the funeral practices between the end of the Old Kingdom to the end of the Middle Kingdom. The second volume presents the corpus of the examined wooden models. The third volume is dedicated to appendices. The examination of wooden models, significant of political and religious deep changes at the origin of new customs and funeral faiths between the VIth and the XIIIth dynasty, specifies the geographical, historic and social context associated with the manufacturing. The analysis of these objects allows refining the perception of the relationship between craftsmen and power, omnipresent in the Egyptian society from the Predynastic period. Modèles funéraires Statuaire privée Bois Saqqâra Meir Assiout Moyenne-Égypte Haute-Égypte Région memphite Nécropole VIe dynastie Première Période intermédiaire Moyen Empire Élites Artisans Ateliers Capitale Provinces Datation Provenance Analyses des matériaux Étude technique Traits stylistiques Pratiques funéraires Symbolique Économie Funerary models Statues Wood Saqqara Assiut Meir Necropolis Upper Egypt Middle Egypt Low Egypt VIth dynasty First Intermediate Period Middle Kingdom Elites Craftsmen Workshops Capital Provinces Dating-Origin Materials analysis Technical study Stylistic aspects Burial customs Symbolism Economy

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