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This study examines the socioeconomic lives of artisans of German descent who worked within Wythe County, Virginia from 1780 to 1830. It is particularly concerned with how a distinct German-American culture manifests over time as seen through these artisans' produced materials and structures. This thesis traces this manifestation through a careful examination of Wythe material culture, wills, probates, inventories, court records, account books, receipts, invoices, census records, personal correspondence, and personal property tax assessments. Scholars of early America and the southern backcountry have often narrated German cultural identity transformations along the lines of language and marriages. This work diverts from those tendencies, thereby complicating prior understanding of German-Americans settlement and development patterns in early America. Beginning in the 1780s entire German families, neighborhoods, and communities left their prior American homes and settled within a relatively unsettled area of southwest Virginia. These predominately second-generation German descendants brought with them to the backcountry a culturally-constructed material culture lexicon passed onto them by their ancestors. This thesis argues that artisans of Wythe County operated as major agents of economic and social development while also providing a hybridized cultural resource for their neighbors and surrounding Great Road communities. These German families and congregations, composed of farmers, hausfrauen (housekeepers), and craftsmen by trade, sought to maintain a familiar and distinct cultural landscape and ethos through the many wares and structures they produced. These German neighborhoods accommodated and diversified their trades to fit within a burgeoning early-American society while still aware of their predominately German community's cultural character and needs. / Master of Arts

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This paper deals with the development of the trade surgery in Sweden, mainly in Stockholm, from the 16th century until training for surgeons was incorporated in the university education for physicians in 1861. Surgeons long claimed to be able to continue their practice, not only with injuries and external illness, but also with internal illness. Surgeons were organized in guilds as craftsmen. For many years, when Sweden was a Great Power, there was a great demand for surgeons for active service in the wars, often going on for long periods. But soon surgeons lost the rights to deal with internal illness after struggle with the organization of university educated physicians. Physicians considered surgeons to be uncultured and ill-bred. However, at the end of the 18th century these two groups came together in the same organization, the one of the university educated. Until 1861 the surgeons kept much of their old education. In the first half of the 19th century the discovery of narcosis and antiseptic revolutionized surgery. Now it became possible for surgeons to treat both external and internal illness. Their social position increased radically. The 19th century has been called “the century of surgery”. In addition, the paper also deals with the causes of this transformation based on the documents used, however without being able to establish one cause as the inevitable one.

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This paper examines the role of enslaved craftsmen in Charleston cabinetmaking shops during the late-eighteenth century and how wealthy Charlestonians’ desire fashionable goods fueled the demand for this labor force. The first chapter examines the rise of the wealthy Charlestonians and the origins of their taste for fashionable goods. The second chapter explores the increased use of enslaved craftsmen in Charleston cabinetmaking shops during the last half of the eighteenth century and how they affected the production of fashionable cabinet goods.

The problem is a study of the craftsmen of ancient and medieval civilizations to show the influence of their training on our present day method of trade education. The problem is limited to a study of ancient and medieval craftsmen and their methods of vocational training as they existed from the dawn of recorded history until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. The study ends at this point because it is here the apprenticeship system began its decline.

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The construction business is one of the most male-dominant industries in Sweden, where the majority of the workers are men. Since the industry is associated with dirt, provocative jokes and heavy lifting many tend to picture a man as a construction worker. This unfortunate picture has set a tone on the society and in the minds of young girls who believe that they don't belong in the construction business. Those who are affected the most are the craftsmen, which is the part the authors have decided to focus on. Previous studies has shown that women who works in a male-dominant work environment tends to be exposed to sexual assault, stress, less development opportunities and different standards than their male coworkers. This inspired the authors to examine if this applies to the craftsmen and if so, how can one make the craftsman profession more appealing to women? The purpose of the study is to examine any possible problems attached to the low amount of female craftsman and the benefits that would occur if the amount got higher. To execute this study the authors have chosen a qualitative methodology. Previous studies have helped to form eventual problem formulations and questions asked in the semi-structured interviews that where conducted by the authors. The discussion and analysis results in a list of changes that must happen in order to appeal more women to the craftsman profession. In conclusion, changes that must happen will take time and one can only hope that the next generation will grow up without the stigma the craftsmen suffers from today.

Theoretical part of my diploma thesis discusses virtualization. In virtualization is mentioned history of virtualization and best practices. Except acquaintance with the company Joyful Craftsmen, the reader is getting familiar with the given problem, which resulted from the analysis of cooperation with overseas customers. The given problem is core for practical part of diploma thesis. I created virtual laboratory for the development of Business Intelligence solutions with virtualization platform Hyper-V. This virtual laboratory is solution for the given problem. In the diploma thesis, the reader can read about what tools are installed and configured on individual virtual machines. In the thesis are mentioned problems and problem solving that I encountered while configuration various tools. The final solution I tested according to test defined in acceptance criteria.